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Introduction to oil feld

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STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

Structural Geology is study o change in rockstructure !eor"ation# due internal$e%ternalorces such as stress and strain&

These orces a''lied due to tectonic acti(ities oearth&

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)ASIC TER*I+OLOGY

Strike and di' reer to the orientation orattitude o a geological eature&

The strike line o a -ed. ault. or other 'lanar

eature. is a line re'resenting the intersection othat eature /ith a hori0ontal 'lane&

The di' gi(es the stee'est angle o descent o atilted -ed or eature relati(e to a hori0ontal'lane. and is gi(en -y the nu"-er 123412# as/ell as a letter +.S.E.5# /ith rough direction in

/hich the -ed is di''ing&

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TECTO+IC 6ORCES A+! ROC7)E8A9IER

Rocks -eha(ior during tectonic orce is easilyunderstand -y Stress:strain cur(es and itsde'ends u'on the te"'erature o the Rock.

direction o orce. ti"ing and the s'eed o theorces a''lied on it&

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GEOLOGICAL 6EATURE

Tectonic collision deor"s crustal rocks'roducing geologic structures&

6olds

6aults

;oints and 6ractures

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6OL!

Rocks are -ent -y crustal deor"ation into aseries o /a(e3like undulations called olds&

*ost olds result ro" co"'ression stresses

/hich shorten and thicken the crust&

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Anticlines and Synclines are co""onin old and thrust -elts related to

"ountain -elts

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6igure

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6AULT

6aults are -reaks in rock units /ere "o(e"enthas occurred& There are three "a

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continued

># Re(erse : 8anging /all "o(es u' relati(e tothe oot/all. caused -y co"'ressionshortening#&

Re(erse aults ha(e di's greater than ?@ !egreeand thrust aults ha(e di's less then ?@ !egree&

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Continued

# Strike3Sli' : *o(e"ent along the ault ishori0ontal. 'arallel to the strike o the ault 'lane&I. standing on one side o the ault. the -lock on

the other side is dis'laced to the right. the ault ister"ed right3lateral& I the -lock on the other sideis dis'laced to the let. the ault is ter"ed letlateral.

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;OI+TS

They are ractures /ith no oBset&

;oints nor"ally ha(e a regular s'acing related toeither the "echanical 'ro'erties o the

indi(idual rock or the thickness o the layerin(ol(ed

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