4G Technology

Hariharan Sivadasan

Asan Memorial College of Engineering and Technology. Chengalpet

4G Definition

4G is not one defined technology or standard, but rather a collection of technologies at creating fully packet-switched networks optimized for data.

4G Networks are projected to provide speed of 100Mbps while moving and 1Gbps while stationary.

0G (Zero Generation Mobile System)

At the end of the 1940’s, the first radio telephone service was introduced, and was designed to users in cars to the public land-line based telephone network.

In the 1960’s, a system launched by Bell Systems, called, Improved Mobile Telephone Service (IMTS), brought quite a few improvements such as direct dialing and more bandwidth. The very first analog systems were based upon IMTS and were created in the late 60s and early 70s.

1G Technology

1G refers to the first-generation of wireless telephone technology was developed in 1970’s.

1G had two major improvements: the invention of the microprocessor the digital transform of the control link

between the phone and the cell site.

2G Technology

Around 1980’s

Better quality & capacity - More people could use there phones at the same time

Digital Signals – consist of 0’s & 1’s

Previous Technology - 2G

Digital – consist of 0’s and 1’s Digital signal:

1.Low level, 2.High level, 3.Rising edge

and 4.Falling edge

Advantages in Previous Technology - 2G

The digital voice encoding allows digital error checking increase sound quality lowers the noise level

Going all-digital allowed for the introduction of digital data transfer SMS –“short message service” E-mail

Disadvantages in Previous Technology - 2G

Cell towers had a limited coverage area Jagged Decay curve

Abrupt dropped calls Analog –gradual sound reduction

“Spotty” coverage

3G Technology

Large capacity and broadband capabilities

Allows the transmission of 384kbps for mobile systems and up to 2Mbps

Increased spectrum efficiency –5Mhz A greater number of users that can be

simultaneously supported by a radio frequency bandwidth

High data rates at lower incremental cost than 2G–Global roaming

Previous Technology - 3G

CDMA –Code Division Multiple Access

Form of multiplexing

Does not divide up the channel by time or frequency

Encodes data with a special code associated with each channel

What is 4G?

Fourth Generation Technology Faster and more reliable 100 Mb/s Lower cost than previous generations Multi-standard wireless system Bluetooth, Wired, Wireless Ad Hoc Networking IPv6 Core OFDM used instead of CDMA Potentially IEEE standard 802.11n Most information is proprietary

Communications Architecture

Broadcast layer: fix access points, (i.e.) cell tower

connected by fiber, microwave, or satellite (ISP)

Ad-hoc/hot-spot layer: wireless LANs (i.e. internet at Starbuck’s)

Communications Architecture

Personal Layer Gateway: devices that connect to upper layers; cell phone,

fax, voice, data modem, MP3 players, PDAs

Info-Sensor layer: environmental sensors

Fiber-optic wire layer: high speed subterranean labyrinth of fiber optic

cables and repeaters

Ad Hoc Networks

Spontaneous self organization of networks of devices

Not necessarily connected to internet

4G will create hybrid wireless networks using Ad Hoc networks

Form of mesh networking–Very reliable

Broadband access in Remote location

4G will provide a wireless alternative for broadband access

I will provide first opportunity for broadband access in remote locations without an infrastructure to support cable or DSL access.

Enhance Mobile Gaming

Experience enhance wireless capabilities that deliver mobile gaming interaction with less than five seconds

Play online multi player games while traveling at high speeds or sitting outside

Advantages

o Support for interactive multimedia, voice, streaming video, Internet, and other broadband services o IP based mobile system o High speed, high capacity, and low cost per bit o Global access, service portability, and scalable mobile services o Seamless switching, and a variety of Quality of Service driven services o Better scheduling and call admission control techniques o Ad hoc and multi hop networks (the strict delay requirements of voice make multi hop network service a difficult problem) o Better spectral efficiency o Seamless network of multiple protocols and air interfaces (since 4G will be all ]IP, look for 4G systems to be compatible with all common network technologies, including802.11, WCDMA, Blue tooth, and Hyper LAN). o An infrastructure to handle pre existing 3G systems along with other wireless technologies, some of which are currently under development.

Disadvantages

1 Equipment has not been fully developed for network2 Network has more complex security issues 3 Network protocols and standardization have not been defined 4 Not many areas have 4G service yet5 Very expensive

Case Study

On 4 June 2010, Sprint released the first WiMAX Smartphone in the US, the HTC Evo 4G

1 On 10 April 2012, Bharti Airtel launched 4G LTE in Kolkata, first in India.2 On 20 May 2012, Azerbaijan's biggest mobile operator Azercell launched 4G LTE.

IndiaBharti Airtel launched India's first 4G service, using TD-LTE technology, in Kolkata on April 10, 2012.[75] On June 2013 prior to the official launch in Kolkata, a group consisting of China Mobile, Bharti Airtel and SoftBank Mobile came together, called Global TD-LTE Initiative (GTI) in Barcelona, Spain and they signed the commitment towards TD-LTE standards for the Asian region. It must be noted that Bharti Airtel's 4G network does not support mainstream 4G phones such as Samsung Galaxy Note 3, Samsung Galaxy S4 and others.