5.5 Classification

Topic 5 – Ecology & Evolution

5.5 Classification

5.5.1

Outline the binomial system of nomenclature (also referred to as a scientific name)

Swedish botanist, Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778)

Internationally recognised name for each species

5.5 Classification

Rules for binomial nomenclature:1. The first name is the Genus name2. The Genus name is CAPITALISED3. The second name is the species name4. The species name is not capitalised5. Italics are used if the name is printed6. The name is underlined if handwritten Homo sapiens, Panthera leo, etc.

5.5 Classification

5.5.2

List the seven levels in the hierarchy of taxa - use an example from two different kingdoms for each level.

Dusky leaf monkey Hibiscus

Kingdom

Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species

Animalia

Chordata

Mammalia

Primates

Cercopithecidae

Trachypithecus

T. obscurus

Plantae

Magnoliophyta

Magnoliopsida

Malvales

Malvaceae

Hibiscus

H. rosa-sinensis

Kings Play Chess On Folding Glass Stools

Dusky Leaf Monkey Hibiscus

King Phillip Came Over For Good Soup Kissing P

retty Cute O

tter Feels

Gross S

ometim

es

or make your o

wn!

5.5 Classification

• 5.5.3 Distinguish between the following phyla of plants, using simple external recognition features: bryophyta, filicinophyta, coniferophyta and angiospermophyta.

• 5.5.4 Distinguish between the following phyla of animals, using simple external recognition features: porifera, cnidaria, platyhelminthes, annelida, mollusca and arthropoda.

Bryophyta – mosses and liverworts (0.5m)

• No roots, just rhizoids

• Small

• Spores produced in capsules Mosses have

simple leaves and stems

Liverworts have

a flattened “thallus”

Filicinophyta – ferns (<15m)• Roots, leaves and short (non-woody)stems• Pinnate leaves

• Curled up in buds

• Spores in sporangia (underside of leaves)

shallow roots

Coniferophyta – conifers (100m)

• Shrubs or trees with roots, leaves and woody stems

• Narrow leaves (needles) with thick waxy

cuticle

• Produce seeds from ovules in femaleones (& cones (pollen is produced from

from smaller male cones)

Angiospermophyta – flowering plants (100m)

• Roots, stems and leaves

• If shrubs or trees, woody stems

• Produce seeds from ovules inside ovaries.

Fruits develop from ovaries, to

disperse seeds

Porifera (sponges)• Poriferans don't have mouths or

anuses; instead, they have tiny pores in their outer walls through which water is drawn.

• No symmetry and sessile

Cnidaria (corals, anemones and jellyfish)

• Single opening to stomach, that functions as both mouth and anus

• It has radial symmetry• Has tentacles armed with stinging cells called

nematocysts.

Platyhelminths (flatworms)

• Bilaterally symmetrical

• Flat bodies• No body cavity other

than the gut• Mouth but no anus

Annelida (segmented worms)

• Segmented, long body (often with chitae)

• Mouth and anus

• Bilaterally symmetrical

Mollusca• The body has a head, a

foot and a mantle that typically secretes the shell.

• The buccal cavity, at the anterior of the mollusc, contains a radula (a ribbon of teeth for feeding), anus at the posterior

• The ventral foot is used in locomotion.

• Not bilaterally symmetrical• No segmentation visible

Arthropoda• Exoskeleton made of chitin (may be

strengthened with calcium carbonate)

• Jointed limbs

• Bilaterally

symmetrical

• Segmentation

usually visible

• Four classes:

insects, arachnids,

crustaceans, millipedes

5.5 Classification

• 5.5.5 Apply and design a key for a group of up to eight organisms.

• A dichotomous key should be used.

Design a dichotomous key for 8 organisms

5.5 Classification

5.5.1

Outline the binomial system of nomenclature (also referred to as a scientific name)

5.5.2

List the seven levels in the hierarchy of taxa - use an example from two different kingdoms for each level.

5.5 Classification

• 5.5.3 Distinguish between the following phyla of plants, using simple external recognition features: bryophyta, filicinophyta, coniferophyta and angiospermophyta.

• 5.5.4 Distinguish between the following phyla of animals, using simple external recognition features: porifera, cnidaria, platyhelminthes, annelida, mollusca and arthropoda.

5.5 Classification

• 5.5.5 Apply and design a key for a group of up to eight organisms.

• A dichotomous key should be used.