6 citw enterprise computing

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Computing and IT in the WorkplaceCT006-1

Enterprise Computing


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Computing and IT in the Workplace Chapter 6 2

Learning Outcomes

At the end of this section,YOU should be able to:

Explain the importance of computing in large

organizations

Describe common enterprise applications of IT


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Topics we will cover

Enterprise Computing

IS in Enterprise

Enterprise-wide technologies E-retailing market sector


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What is Enterprise Computing?

What is an enterprise?

Large organization such as multinational

corporation, university, hospital, research

laboratory, or government organization

Requires special computing

solutions because of its size

Enterprise computing

use

of computers in networks that

encompass variety of operating systems,

protocols, and network architectures


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How does information flow within an enterprise?

Enterprise manages large amounts of information

over an extensive geographical area and

disparate groups of people


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How are enterprises organized?

Most are

organized

in ahierarchy



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Executive management

strategic decisions

Middle management

tactical decisions

What are the four categories of users?

Operational management

operational decisions

Nonmanagement employees

on-the-job decisions



What is enterprise information?

Information gathered in

ongoing operations of enterprise

Allows managers to

make better decisions

Collected, combined,

and analyzed over time




What are the four management activities?1. Planningobjectives

strategies

tactics

2. Organizingmoney

people

management structure

3. Leadingcommunications

instructions

motivation

4. Controllingperformance

measurement

corrective action




Information Systems in the Enterprise

What is an information system?

Set of hardware,

software, data,

people, andprocedures that work

together to produce

information

Procedures areinstructions users follow

to accomplish activities




What is a functional unit? Individual operating entity, which can include

departments, centers, and divisions

Manufacturing

Engineering

or Product

Development

Accounting

and

Finance

Human

Resources

(HR)

DistributionSalesMarketing

Information

Technology

Customer

Service


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What are the functions of accounting and finance

systems?




What is computer-aided design (CAD)? Uses special

software to aid in

product design Computer-aided

engineering

(CAE) uses

computers to test

product designs




What is computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)?

Use of computers to

control production

equipment Computer-integrated

manufacturing (CIM)

integrates operations

of manufacturing

process




What is Material Requirements Planning (MRP)?

Uses software to

monitor and control

production processes

Focuses on

inventory of parts

Manufacturing Resource

Planning II (MRP II)

is extension of MRP

Helps in scheduling,

tracking production,

and monitoring

product quality




What is a marketing information system?

Central repository for marketing tasks

Market research system analyzes data gathered

from surveys




What issales force automation (SFA) software?

Tools for

traveling

salespeople Runs on

PDAs or

notebook

computers


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What are distribution systems?

Provide forecastingfor inventory control

track shipping of

products

Provide tracking ofproduct shipments


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What is information architecture?

Overall technology

strategy for an

enterprise

IT department usessoftware to maintain

hardware and

software

applications


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What is an office information system (OIS)?

Users create graphics anddocuments, send messages,

schedule appointments, and

browse the Web

Sometimes called office

automation

Enables employees to perform

tasks using computers and other

electronic devices instead of

manually


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What is a transaction processing system (TPS)?

Captures and processes data from day-to-day

transactions

Transaction

individual

business

activity


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What is a management information system (MIS)?

Generates

accurate, timely,

and organizedinformation so

managers can

track progress

and makedecisions


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What is a decision support system (DSS)? Helps users analyze data and make decisions

Uses data from internal and external sources, as

needed

Executive information system (EIS) supports

needs of executive management


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What is an expert system?

Captures and stores knowledge of human

experts and then imitates human

reasoning and decision making

Consists of two components

knowledge base

combined subject

knowledge and

experiences of

human experts

inference rulesset

of logical judgments

applied to the

knowledge base


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What is an example of an expert system?

Step 1.Selectfrom a menu or

click a picture for

a diet program.

Step 2.Select the

type of

fat-loss

diet based

on the initialselection.

Step 3.Specify thecaloric goals and

current calorie intake.

Step 4.Reviewthe diet summary.


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What is enterprise resource planning (ERP)?

Provides

software

applicationsto coordinate

activities of

functional

units


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What is a customer relationship management (CRM)

system?

Manages information about customers, interactions withcustomers, past purchases, and interests

Mainly used in three departments

Salestracks sales

process from initial

contact through

final purchase

Customer service

department

tracks ongoing

correspondence

with customer

Marketinglearns

about customers

and then designs

new products


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What is a content management system (CMS)?

Combination of databases, software, and

procedures

Organizes and allows access to documents andother files


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Enterprise-Wise Technology

What is a portal?

Collection of links,

content, and services

presented on Webpage

Designed to guide

users to information

they are likely to findinteresting for a

particular job function


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What is a data warehouse?

Huge database

that stores data

required toanalyze historical

and current

transactions



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What is an extranet?

Portion of network thatallows customers or

suppliers to access parts

of enterprises intranet

Replaces or supplementsexisting EDI systems

EDI (electronic data

interchange)Set of standards

that controls transfer of business

data among computers


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What are Web services?

Technologies that

allow businesses to

create productsand B2B

(business-to-

business)

interactions onInternet


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What is a workflow?

Steps involved in

completing project

or businessprocess

Workflow

application is a

program that tracksprocess from start

to finish


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What is a virtual private network (VPN)?

Provides secure connection for user connecting

to company network server using Internet


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E-Retailing Market Store

What ise-retail?

E-moneyallows customer to

make payment over Internetfrom cash account

Also callede-tail

Merchant accountis

account set up with creditcard company so retailer

can accept credit card

payments from customers

Retailers use Web to sellproducts and services


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Other E-Commerce Market Sectors on the Web

What are online bankingand online trading? Online banking allows

users to pay bills and

view their bank accounts

and statements from

their computers

Online trading allows

users to invest withoutusing broker, often with

a lower transaction fee


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What entertainment, media, and travel services areon the Web?

Music, videos,

news, sporting

events, and games

Airline, hotel, and

car reservations

Shoppingbotsearches

for best price

on product

or service



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What health-related information can you find onthe Web?

Medical, fitness, nutrition, and exercise

Databases of doctors

and dentists,

chat rooms,

online

pharmacies


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Enterprise Hardware

What is enterprise hardware?

Allows large

organizations

to manageand store data

Often

includes

levels ofredundancy

One goal is

to maintain

high level ofavailability

Redundancy

if one piecebreaks,

another part

can assume

tasks

Availabilityhow often

hardware is

online


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Enterprise Hardware

What is a RAID? Redundant array of independent disks

Group of two or more integrated hard disks

More reliable than traditional hard disks


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Enterprise Hardware

How does a RAID system work?

Mirroring - writes

data on two disks at

same time

Striping -splits data

across multipledisks

Enhances reliability

Improves access

time


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Enterprise Hardware

What is network attached storage (NAS)?

Server that provides

storage to users and

information systems Storage area network

(SAN) is a high-speed

network that provides

storage to other serversto which it is attached


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What is an enterprise storage system? Strategy that focuses on storage availability,

protection, organization, and backup

Uses combination of

techniques CD-ROM server,

orDVD-ROM server,holdshundreds of CD-ROMs orDVD-ROMs

Enterprise Hardware


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What is a blade server? Sometimes called ultradense server

Complete server on single card, orblade, rather

than system unit

Saves space, requires less maintenance, usesless energy, generates less heat, and is easily

replaced or upgraded

Blade server chassis holds many blades

Enterprise Hardware


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Enterprise Hardware

What are high-availability systems?

Availability

(uptime)of at least

99 percent

Often includes

hot-swapping

Hot-swapping

allows components

to be replaced while

rest of systemcontinues

to perform tasks

May include

redundantcomponents

Redundant component

takes over task of

similar componentthat fails


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Review Questions

What Information Systems are used in the

functional units of an Enterprise?

What Information Systems are used throughout

an Enterprise?


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Q & A

Question and Answer Session


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Topic and Structure of next session

Mobile Computing

What we will cover next

6 citw enterprise computing

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