SOME ASPECTS OF ICT THAT CAN SUPPORT

VIABILITY AND SUSTAINABILITY OF THE TOURISM IN BULGARIA

Gergana ZhelyazkovaSlaveya Zhelyazkova

Travel & Tourism industry

one of the leading industries in the worldone of the fastest growing industries in the worldthe third biggest world-wide employer

WorldThe Travel & Tourism industry supported 277 million jobs in 2014, which is 9.4% of world employment and contributed US$ 7.6 trillion to GDP in 2014, which is 9.8% of global GDPBulgariaThe Travel & Tourism industry supported 155 thousand jobs in 2014, which is 5.2% of Bulgarian employment.

The Use of ICTs in Travel & Tourism industry

ICT enhanced the development of modern tourism. In other words said the use of ICTs has spread the travel and tourism industry.

Provided new tools and enabled new distribution channels.

The Aim The aim of this research is to find out some

weak points of tourism in Bulgaria by assessing and comparing it with other tourist destinations on the base of set of indicators for sustainable development and to suggest some aspects of ICT that can help solve that problems and support viability and sustainability of tourism in Bulgaria.

The concept of sustainable development applied to tourism

Indicators for Sustainable Development of TourismSet of

IndicatorsIndicators

Indicators of economic sustainability

Nights spent at tourist accommodation establishments Occupancy rates for licensed (official) accommodation by month (peak periods relative to low season) and % of all occupancy in peak quarter or month)% of business establishments open all year Seasonal indexes nights spend by non-residentsAverage nights spent at tourist accommodation establishments by one touristRevenues from nights spent Average Revenues from one night spent The share of revenue from tourism and travel in the current account of the balance of paymentsValue added of Accommodation and food service activities as a percentage of total value added Bed-placesAvailable bed-nights Accommodation establishmentsTourism contribution to GDP

Indicators of social sustainability

Number and % of tourism industry jobs which are permanent or full-year (compared to temporary jobs)Ratio of nights spent by non-residents to nights spent by residents Ratio of local residents to tourists

Indicators of environmental sustainability

The share of waste generated by tourism industryThe share of water used by tourism industryThe share of electricity used by tourism industry Size of the tourist resortPopulation exposed to light and noise pollution from tourist facilities

[1] This list of indicators is neither exhaustive nor mandatory. The success of any indicator-based assessment is reliant on data quality and availability.

On the base of some of the above mentioned indicators the development of tourism in Bulgaria will be analyzed for the period 2000-2014 by comparison with other tourist destinations trying to find an answer to the question whether the Bulgarian tourism can be characterized as sustainable.

Nights spent at tourist accommodation establishments

Nights spent at tourist accommodation establishments, percentage change over previous periodGEO/TIME 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014Bulgaria 14.1 9.7 9.6 21.7 13.1 13.5 8.0 3.6 1.1 -16.0 5.6 15.6 8.6 6.7 0.4Germany 5.0 0.2 -2.5 0.5 15.6 1.5 2.1 -9.7 2.1 -3.0 3.6 4.2 3.3 1.3 3.3Greece 11.3 -9.5 -3.2 0.1 -3.6 5.2 4.6 13.2 0.3 28.6 -0.7 4.5 -8.0 10.6 6.7Spain 34.5 0.1 -1.8 1.1 0.5 2.6 7.3 0.7 -1.6 -7.2 4.7 6.9 -1.8 1.7 3.8France 8.5 3.3 0.1 -2.2 0.0 4.4 0.6 1.5 -0.3 -2.1 32.8 2.5 -0.1 1.9 -1.4Italy 9.9 3.4 -1.4 -0.2 0.3 2.7 3.3 2.7 -0.8 -0.8 1.3 3.0 -1.6 -1.0 0.3Cyprus 4.1 8.1 -14.2 -10.5 1.8 2.3 -4.1 -0.4 0.0 -9.6 6.1 3.5 2.0 -3.6 -2.4Portugal 1.5 -1.5 1.1 -0.5 0.3 3.7 5.2 5.4 -1.3 -6.3 1.5 4.0 -0.2 6.6 10.2Romania -0.1 2.7 -4.7 3.3 3.7 -0.7 3.4 8.4 0.6 -16.4 -7.4 12.0 6.2 1.1 4.8Slovakia -3.7 7.7 8.4 -2.3 -10.9 -0.1 3.7 3.7 7.3 -16.4 -0.1 1.7 3.4 5.3 -5.0

Nights spent at tourist accommodation establishments, percentage change (base year 2000)GEO/TIME 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014Bulgaria 9.7 20.2 46.4 65.5 87.9 102.9 110.2 112.6 78.6 88.7 118.1 136.8 152.7 153.7Germany 0.2 -2.3 -1.9 13.5 15.2 17.7 6.3 8.5 5.2 9.0 13.6 17.4 18.9 22.8Greece -9.5 -12.4 -12.4 -15.5 -11.1 -7.1 5.2 5.5 35.7 34.7 40.8 29.6 43.3 53.0Spain 0.1 -1.7 -0.6 -0.1 2.5 10.0 10.8 9.0 1.1 5.9 13.1 11.0 12.9 17.2France 3.3 3.4 1.1 1.0 5.5 6.2 7.8 7.5 5.2 39.7 43.2 43.0 45.7 43.6Italy 3.4 1.9 1.6 2.0 4.8 8.2 11.1 10.3 9.4 10.8 14.2 12.3 11.2 11.5Cyprus 8.1 -7.2 -17.0 -15.5 -13.6 -17.1 -17.5 -17.4 -25.3 -20.8 -18.0 -16.3 -19.3 -21.3Portugal -1.5 -0.3 -0.9 -0.6 3.1 8.5 14.3 12.8 5.7 7.3 11.7 11.5 18.9 31.0Romania 2.7 -2.1 1.1 4.8 4.1 7.6 16.7 17.4 -1.8 -9.0 1.9 8.2 9.4 14.6Slovakia 7.7 16.7 14.1 1.6 1.5 5.2 9.2 17.2 -2.0 -2.1 -0.5 2.9 8.4 3.0

Nights spent by non-residents at tourist accommodation establishmentsNights spent by non-residents at tourist accommodation establishments, percentage change over previous period

GEO/TIME 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014Bulgaria 18.0 19.7 14.0 29.6 12.7 12.8 2.8 0.5 -1.8 -19.8 11.5 17.8 8.2 6.8 -2.0Germany 10.1 -4.2 -0.6 2.9 9.1 6.3 9.7 2.9 3.2 -3.8 10.3 5.7 8.1 4.4 5.1Greece 12.0 -9.6 -3.6 -1.3 -4.0 5.0 5.7 11.7 -0.2 19.7 3.1 10.7 -6.8 13.0 8.2Spain 45.8 -1.1 -4.6 -1.3 -4.0 0.2 7.2 0.4 -0.8 -10.4 6.4 12.2 1.7 3.7 2.8France 9.6 1.3 2.7 -8.4 0.4 3.6 -1.9 2.6 -1.4 -7.7 22.0 2.4 1.5 5.8 -1.0Italy 10.8 4.5 -0.8 -4.1 1.1 5.0 5.8 4.2 -1.0 -1.4 3.6 6.8 2.3 2.3 1.1Cyprus 4.3 7.6 -15.5 -11.8 1.1 2.7 -5.0 -0.9 0.1 -11.7 6.7 5.3 2.9 -2.5 -2.0Portugal 2.8 -2.2 -0.4 -1.0 -1.0 3.1 5.7 6.8 -1.9 -11.0 1.4 9.7 4.2 10.5 11.1Romania 8.6 11.2 6.0 9.1 20.5 3.9 -6.4 10.6 -6.3 -20.6 3.7 10.9 7.3 5.5 8.4Slovakia 6.3 17.4 14.7 -2.0 -5.9 4.4 5.4 1.1 0.6 -27.9 1.1 6.4 1.2 5.9 -9.9

Nights spent by non-residents at tourist accommodation establishments, percentage change (base year 2000)GEO/TIME 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014Bulgaria 19.7 36.5 76.8 99.3 124.8 131.0 132.2 128.1 83.0 104.0 140.4 160.2 178.0 172.3Germany -4.2 -4.8 -2.0 7.0 13.7 24.8 28.4 32.6 27.5 40.6 48.7 60.7 67.8 76.3Greece -9.6 -12.9 -14.1 -17.5 -13.4 -8.4 2.2 2.0 22.1 25.9 39.3 29.8 46.7 58.8Spain -1.1 -5.6 -6.9 -10.6 -10.4 -4.0 -3.6 -4.3 -14.3 -8.8 2.3 4.1 7.9 11.0France 1.3 4.0 -4.7 -4.3 -0.8 -2.7 -0.2 -1.7 -9.3 10.6 13.2 14.9 21.5 20.3Italy 4.5 3.7 -0.5 0.6 5.7 11.8 16.5 15.3 13.6 17.7 25.7 28.7 31.7 33.1Cyprus 7.6 -9.1 -19.8 -18.9 -16.7 -20.8 -21.5 -21.4 -30.6 -26.0 -22.0 -19.8 -21.8 -23.4Portugal -2.2 -2.6 -3.5 -4.5 -1.5 4.1 11.2 9.1 -2.9 -1.5 8.0 12.6 24.4 38.2Romania 11.2 17.9 28.7 55.1 61.2 50.8 66.9 56.3 24.1 28.7 42.7 53.1 61.5 75.1Slovakia 17.4 34.6 31.9 24.1 29.6 36.6 38.1 38.9 0.1 1.2 7.7 9.1 15.5 4.0

Nights spent at tourist accommodation establishments,

percentage change (base year 2000)

Nights spent by non-residents at tourist accommodation

establishments, percentage change (base year 2000)

GEO/TIME 2014 2014Bulgaria 153.7 172.3

Germany 22.8 76.3

Greece 53.0 58.8

Spain 17.2 11.0

France 43.6 20.3

Italy 11.5 33.1

Cyprus -21.3 -23.4

Portugal 31.0 38.2

Romania 14.6 75.1

Slovakia 3.0 4.0

Number of bed-places in tourist accommodation establishments

Number of bed-places in tourist accommodation establishments, percentage change over previous periodGEO/TIME 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Bulgaria 15.5 -2.2 8.1 10.5 19.6 16.4 11.7 7.9 1.9 3.6 -1.7 -0.7 9.6 0.4 3.9Germany 1.7 0.0 -1.1 2.6 5.4 1.0 0.1 -3.6 1.9 -1.2 1.7 1.1 0.1 0.0 -0.2Greece 1.7 -0.3 -0.4 5.7 3.1 2.2 1.2 0.5 1.7 47.2 3.0 0.8 -2.0 0.2 2.6Spain … 0.8 3.9 10.3 -1.8 3.0 0.4 1.4 1.4 2.5 2.0 2.7 0.7 0.7 1.3

France 0.8 21.5 3.1 0.2 1.5 1.7 -1.0 0.6 0.6 1.7 -14.4 -0.1 0.0 0.7 1.2Italy 7.9 2.9 1.9 1.4 1.1 3.4 3.4 -0.3 3.6 -1.1 2.2 0.9 0.4 -0.7 2.6

Cyprus 0.6 4.2 2.5 0.8 1.1 -0.9 -1.8 -1.2 -2.3 -1.8 -0.6 -1.3 -0.5 0.6 0.5Portugal -0.1 1.3 -14.3 0.4 2.5 3.1 1.9 0.8 2.3 -0.8 1.3 3.3 0.0 0.9 5.9Romania -1.0 -1.1 -1.6 0.4 0.9 2.6 1.4 -1.2 3.7 2.9 3.0 -10.6 2.5 6.2 1.9

Slovakia -3.1 10.1 0.6 0.7 1.5 -1.1 -9.7 11.5 2.8 0.2 -1.2 2.0 15.6 -1.6 -3.6

Number of bed-places in tourist accommodation establishments, percentage change (base year 2000)GEO/TIME 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014Bulgaria -2.2 5.6 16.8 39.7 62.6 81.6 96.0 99.7 106.8 103.4 102.0 121.4 122.3 131.0Germany 0.0 -1.1 1.4 6.9 8.0 8.1 4.3 6.2 4.9 6.8 8.0 8.0 8.0 7.8Greece -0.3 -0.7 4.9 8.2 10.5 11.9 12.4 14.4 68.3 73.3 74.7 71.3 71.6 76.1Spain 0.8 4.7 15.5 13.4 16.8 17.3 18.9 20.5 23.5 25.9 29.3 30.2 31.1 32.8France 21.5 25.2 25.4 27.4 29.5 28.2 29.0 29.7 31.9 12.9 12.7 12.7 13.5 14.9Italy 2.9 4.8 6.4 7.6 11.3 15.1 14.7 18.9 17.6 20.2 21.3 21.8 20.9 24.0Cyprus 4.2 6.8 7.6 8.9 7.9 6.0 4.7 2.2 0.4 -0.2 -1.5 -2.0 -1.4 -1.0Portugal 1.3 -13.2 -12.8 -10.7 -7.9 -6.1 -5.4 -3.3 -4.1 -2.9 0.3 0.3 1.3 7.2Romania -1.1 -2.6 -2.3 -1.5 1.1 2.6 1.3 5.1 8.1 11.3 -0.5 2.0 8.3 10.4Slovakia 10.1 10.7 11.5 13.1 11.9 1.0 12.6 15.7 15.9 14.5 16.8 35.1 32.9 28.1

Seasonality Seasonal indices of nights spent by non-residents at hotels and similar accommodation

establishments and measures of seasonal variation, %GEO Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Seasonal

RangeCoefficient of Seasonal

VariationBulgaria 26.6 23.7 20.3 21.1 69.7 204.0 298.2 300.6 173.7 32.0 13.4 16.5 287.2 107.8Germany 69.5 76.9 86.0 93.9 108.1 108.6 132.9 129.2 122.4 109.0 82.2 81.2 63.5 20.5Greece 6.8 7.9 13.0 36.9 134.8 198.4 242.2 251.7 199.1 91.0 10.5 7.7 244.9 95.4Spain 51.3 55.6 70.8 83.3 117.5 136.5 159.5 164.9 145.1 111.5 56.4 47.7 117.2 42.5France 59.0 61.6 81.6 98.8 113.2 122.6 153.4 157.9 124.9 98.5 60.4 68.1 98.9 33.7Italy 53.0 64.2 78.3 94.7 121.7 135.9 164.1 144.8 150.3 104.9 45.6 42.4 121.8 41.5Cyprus 27.6 32.0 49.0 72.9 129.0 151.7 171.9 179.2 161.3 141.7 54.6 29.3 151.6 58.3Portugal 50.4 61.6 83.8 101.0 118.4 122.7 143.1 159.0 136.6 112.9 62.1 48.5 110.5 36.5Romania 64.5 61.4 76.0 84.0 115.6 129.8 144.1 158.4 126.0 103.6 78.1 58.5 99.9 32.9Slovakia 94.5 100.5 86.7 78.4 101.6 107.3 137.6 150.3 118.3 92.8 64.0 68.2 86.3 24.8

Gini coefficients calculated for seasonal indices of nights spent by non-residents at hotels and similar accommodation establishments

GEO/TIME 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014Bulgaria 0.555 0.547 0.534 0.537 0.539 0.539 0.543 0.543 0.542 0.551 0.554 0.562 0.565 0.561 0.561Germany 0.124 0.119 0.116 0.115 0.118 0.114 0.114 0.116 0.114 0.119 0.119 0.116 0.116 0.116 0.117Greece 0.511 0.515 0.515 0.518 0.522 0.523 0.519 0.524 0.526 0.523 0.525 0.523 0.528 0.524 0.521Spain 0.238 0.240 0.241 0.242 0.241 0.240 0.238 0.237 0.240 0.239 0.242 0.240 0.242 0.241 0.240France 0.189 0.199 0.191 0.192 0.185 0.189 0.190 0.191 0.189 0.192 0.193 0.192 0.188 0.191 0.192Italy 0.235 0.236 0.239 0.234 0.235 0.234 0.235 0.234 0.237 0.238 0.239 0.242 0.241 0.243 0.243Cyprus 0.325 0.325 0.322 0.327 0.322 0.326 0.324 0.327 0.325 0.326 0.322 0.327 0.330 0.335 0.336Portugal 0.204 0.204 0.208 0.207 0.203 0.205 0.206 0.208 0.208 0.207 0.212 0.213 0.212 0.213 0.209Romania … … 0.202 0.203 0.209 0.204 0.192 0.187 0.176 0.173 0.177 0.175 0.180 0.176 0.174Slovakia … … … 0.162 0.158 0.146 0.146 0.143 0.141 0.131 0.131 0.134 0.135 0.130 0.130

Seasonality

Nights spent by non-residents at hotels and similar accommodation establishments during the high season months as a percentage of all nights spent during the year

GEO/TIME 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015Bulgaria 81.6 81.5 80.7 82.1 81.4 81.6 81.0 80.3 79.2 79.5 80.6 83.5 84.1 83.4 81.8 82.0Germany 61.9 59.5 59.0 59.4 59.5 58.9 60.2 58.9 58.8 59.0 60.2 59.5 59.2 59.1 59.0 59.3Greece 81.9 82.9 83.1 82.7 83.8 85.2 84.9 86.0 86.8 86.4 86.9 87.2 87.8 88.1 86.7 86.3Spain 69.5 70.0 69.7 70.1 69.5 70.2 69.6 68.5 68.8 69.0 70.0 69.6 70.4 70.6 69.5 69.6France 56.1 57.9 56.7 54.9 54.6 55.8 55.3 54.5 55.2 56.1 57.3 56.6 56.0 56.9 56.0 56.1Italy 68.9 68.5 69.4 68.0 67.8 67.5 67.8 68.0 67.3 68.0 68.9 69.6 69.2 70.3 69.8 69.8Cyprus 75.1 76.1 74.8 74.3 74.2 75.9 76.4 78.0 77.9 77.1 78.2 78.3 80.7 83.9 84.0 82.5Portugal 73.2 73.0 72.9 73.5 73.0 72.7 73.9 73.6 73.0 74.3 75.1 76.8 77.0 76.9 77.1 76.5Romania … … 69.5 70.3 70.1 69.5 65.0 64.5 61.7 61.6 63.4 62.8 63.3 63.0 63.1 63.0Slovakia … … … 61.8 62.0 59.5 59.1 59.2 60.9 57.9 58.7 59.8 59.4 58.8 58.4 59.3

Gross Value Added

Chain linked volumes of Gross value added of Accommodation and food service activities, percentage change over previous period

GEO/TIME 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Bulgaria 7.6 3.8 5.7 7.9 4.3 10.0 5.9 8.4 -6.8 -5.2 11.3 4.8 9.0 18.5 13.1

Germany 4.2 0.8 -7.5 -1.5 -1.0 -0.2 -0.3 7.8 -2.5 -7.9 -3.5 6.7 3.1 -3.5 2.8

Greece 0.3 6.6 8.2 3.4 2.6 7.8 1.4 2.1 15.6 -18.8 -5.2 -7.0 0.1 29.7 15.0

Spain 4.9 -1.1 0.9 1.7 2.2 1.0 1.3 0.5 -0.2 -3.6 -1.4 0.3 -0.2 -2.5 -2.6

France 4.9 2.5 -3.2 -0.4 -0.7 1.8 1.7 3.0 0.2 -2.1 3.6 5.3 -0.4 -0.7 -2.5

Italy 8.3 -0.3 -4.5 -1.8 1.3 0.7 3.1 2.9 0.5 -0.9 0.2 0.8 -0.9 -3.3 1.3

Cyprus 8.0 1.2 -7.7 -5.6 -2.4 0.6 3.4 3.3 -3.4 -6.0 3.3 7.1 2.4 -7.4 3.6

Portugal 8.2 0.8 -2.0 -5.1 0.9 1.6 2.9 1.4 -2.9 0.4 2.4 -2.2 -0.8 -0.1 …

Romania -1.5 1.0 5.7 1.9 4.3 11.6 15.4 -1.7 8.4 -1.9 -40.7 18.9 9.7 22.4 1.8

Slovakia 1.3 10.7 -4.2 -6.7 3.8 5.8 7.6 -10.7 7.4 -13.7 -5.1 -0.2 21.8 -2.5 7.1

Value added of Accommodation and food service activities as a percentage of total value addedGEO/TIME 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Bulgaria 2.2 2.0 2.2 2.0 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.4 2.3Germany 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5Greece 4.6 5.5 4.6 4.7 4.6 5.3 5.1 4.9 5.5 4.7 4.9 4.7 4.9 6.0 6.8Spain 7.4 7.2 7.2 7.1 7.1 6.9 6.8 6.5 6.4 6.5 6.5 6.6 6.8 6.8 6.9France 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.7Italy 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6Cyprus 8.9 9.0 8.1 7.2 6.9 6.6 6.5 6.4 6.0 5.5 5.5 5.9 6.3 6.3 7.0Portugal 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.8 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.9 5.1 5.0 …Romania 2.3 1.9 2.0 1.8 1.7 2.0 2.2 2.0 1.7 1.9 1.1 1.2 1.6 2.0 1.8Slovakia 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.5

Current account, Tourism and Travel: Credit and Debit

The share of revenue from tourism and travel in the current acaunt of the balans of payments, %GEO/TIME 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Bulgaria 14.1 11.3 11.8 12.9 13.4 12.8 11.3 12.7 11.9 13.5 11.8 9.8 9.5 9.3 9.5 8.7Germany 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.1 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.0 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.0Greece 24.6 25.2 26.3 22.9 21.3 20.8 20.7 18.9 17.0 19.1 16.5 17.4 16.4 18.4 19.9 23.3Spain 15.0 14.9 14.2 14.3 13.9 13.6 12.5 11.6 12.4 13.0 12.1 11.9 11.8 12.1 12.2 12.0France 7.1 6.8 7.3 6.9 6.6 5.9 5.5 5.5 5.0 5.5 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.3 4.7Italy 7.9 7.3 7.1 7.0 6.8 6.3 6.0 5.7 5.9 6.7 6.1 5.9 6.0 6.2 6.2 6.3Cyprus 33.1 33.3 30.4 27.7 24.7 22.6 20.6 18.6 10.8 8.9 8.3 9.3 11.7 14.3 13.6 13.6Portugal 11.9 12.0 12.1 11.3 11.2 10.9 9.8 10.0 9.9 11.1 10.5 10.3 10.9 11.1 12.2 12.9Romania 2.7 2.4 1.8 1.9 1.6 2.7 2.7 2.5 2.8 2.2 1.8 1.8 2.0 1.8 2.0 2.1Slovakia 2.9 5.9 4.0 3.2 2.7 3.1 3.0 2.9 3.1 3.6 3.1 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.7

Ratio of tourism and travel: credit to tourism and travel: debitGEO/TIME 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Bulgaria 2.00 2.13 2.14 2.21 1.63 1.86 1.76 1.99 2.44 2.98 4.11 4.12 3.80 3.44 3.26 2.82

Germany 0.35 0.35 0.36 0.35 0.39 0.39 0.44 0.43 0.44 0.43 0.44 0.45 0.46 0.45 0.46 0.48

Greece 2.03 2.28 4.03 4.44 4.48 4.39 4.77 4.55 4.34 4.29 4.46 4.64 5.66 6.62 6.45 6.93

Spain 5.03 4.69 4.37 4.38 3.72 3.18 3.07 2.93 3.12 3.25 3.22 3.58 3.77 3.82 3.61 3.18

France 1.46 1.42 1.47 1.41 1.50 1.38 1.42 1.42 1.39 1.34 1.22 1.23 1.34 1.32 1.18 1.16

Italy 1.76 1.75 1.58 1.51 1.74 1.58 1.65 1.56 1.49 1.44 1.43 1.50 1.56 1.63 1.58 1.62

Cyprus 4.69 4.69 3.81 3.43 2.79 2.50 2.45 1.82 1.65 1.55 1.70 1.95 2.01 2.34 2.26 2.32

Portugal 2.36 2.59 2.71 2.75 2.79 2.53 2.51 2.58 2.53 2.55 2.57 2.74 2.92 2.96 3.13 3.15

Romania 0.84 0.81 0.85 0.94 0.94 1.14 1.00 1.05 0.92 0.84 0.69 0.72 0.80 0.77 0.76 0.83

Slovakia 1.46 1.60 1.64 1.51 1.21 1.43 1.44 1.32 1.20 1.11 1.15 1.11 1.07 1.08 1.04 1.11

Weak Points of Tourism in BulgariaThe pace of growth rate of tourism is too fastOverwhelming majority of non-residents

touristsSeasonalityNot regulated degree of concentration and

dispersion of tourismHigh density of accommodation facilities

Some Aspects of ICT that Can Support Viability and Sustainability of Tourism in Bulgaria

Source of information provide multimedia information about destination to prospective

travelers ICT applications give the possibility to prospective travelers to

view a destination, to book accommodation, to book the flight, to get information on roads linking to the sites, to check availability of other utilities like water, power etc. and pay for all these without leaving their homes

Knowledge bank Distribution of product services and providing information to

consumers across the globe

Tools to facilitate analysesUser friendly systems like The European tourism indicator system

etc.

ICT in the projects of VFU students under Cultour+

A 3D virtual walk - virtual tourismNew Routs for New TouristsNew Places to Stay for New TouristsEco guest house

Questions?

Thank you!

For Further Queries

Gergana G. Zhelyazkova Varna Free University “Chernorizets Hrabar”, Varna, BULGARIA, assistant professor++359899825601gzhelyazkova@yahoo.com

Slaveya G. Zhelyazkova Varna University of Economics, Varna, BULGARIA, assistant professor++359899100061slaveyazhelyazkova@yahoo.com

Please feel free to contact the following persons

for any further queries regarding this paper: