9.1: INVENTORS AND INVENTIONS

TIMELINE OF AMERICAN INDUSTRIALIZATION

1791: Sam Slater brings the textile mill to US1793: Eli Whitney invents cotton gin1798: Eli Whitney invents interchangeable parts1807: Jefferson’s Embargo1807: Robert Fulton begins steamboat era

War of 1812Tariff of 1816

1817-1825: Construction of Erie Canal1837: Morse invents telegraph1839: Charles Goodyear vulcanizes rubber1846: Howe and Singer invent sewing machine1840s Expansion of railway & telegraph system

FACTORS IN INDUSTRIALIZATION

• Embargo of 1807• War of 1812• Tariff of 1816• American System• Cheap immigrant labor in North East cities• Fast New England rivers, coal deposits for

powering factories• Robust system of ports, roads, canals&railways• Application of steam power to shipping and

manufacturing needs• Development of new markets between

America’s regions

How did Specialization, Market Revolution, and Capitalism work together to spur industrialization?

Why was transportation – particularly the canals and railroads – so important in

the early stages of industrialization?

Map: Major American Cities in 1830 and 1860

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Map: Railroad Growth, 1850-1860

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

http

://rs

6.lo

c.g

ov/a

mm

em

/sfb

mh

tml/s

fbm

hig

hlig

hts

01.

htm

l

http

://e

ng.m

insv

yaz.

ru/s

ite.s

htm

l?id

=53

Woman with sewing machineAsked to repair a sewing machine that did not do continuous stitching, Isaac M. Singer invented one that did. Patented in 1851, the Singer machine quickly dominated the market. Although most early sewing machines were used in factories, some had made their way into households by 1860. (Library of Congress)

Woman with sewing machine

WHAT WAS THE IMPACT OF THE SEWING MACHINE?

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

1837: John Deere invents the steel plow. What was the impact of this device?

http://historywired.si.edu/images/enlarged/212a.jpg

Fulton’s

Steamboat

1807

Agricultural ad, 1859The manufacture of agricultural implements was becoming a major industry by 1860. Now the farmers shown on the fringe could put down their scythes and let the mechanical reaper do the work. (Library of Congress)

Agricultural ad, 1859

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Model of McCormick reaper, 1850s

(Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.)

What is the long-term impact of the mechanical reaper?

What was the South’s reaction to industrialization

and modern inventions?