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CG.AR AT THE MWLLENNRJM .EGXXR ATTH-E MXLENN3UM° CG§AR-CON-VENES.PREPARENG FOR THE FUTURE 'FORUM ON

The CGIAR reaffirmed its commitment * accounts of inter-center collabora-to mobilizing science in the global fight tion to combat poverty; and - Ensuring Food Security, Protecting theagainst poverty and hunger during * proposals for an anti-poverty Environment. Reducing Poverty inInternational Centers Week 1999 agricultural research strategy for Developing Countries: Can Biotechnology(ICW99), held at the World Bank Africa, based on consultations' Help?was the theme of an internationalin October. Over.400 participants with African scientists. conference convened by the CGIAR and the- CGIAR members, scientists, FAO. and IFPRI provided the QUS National Academy of Sciences at therepresentatives from national context for these discussions with ' World Bank in Washington, D.C. onresearch systems, civil society, and - assessments of the world food October 21-22, 1999. The conference was athe private sector situation, and response to the pressing need for an open,- attended. ' . - assessments of inclusive, and participatory debate on

ICW99 looked - possible future. potential benefits and risks of biotech-closely at the developments. nology, one that is grounded in scientificCGIAR system's ' The record showed evidence, and concerned with the commonprograms and that progress had . good. It attracted"a wide range of'projects to'determine \/ early been made, . co-sponsors.**how well they had and that agricultural The CGIAR has been working to ensurecontributed to fighting research had contributed that all relevant perspectives are representedpoverty, and to . significantly to - in this critical debate, particularly theassess how much cl --- . - 'development. But voices of developing countries: The confer-still needs to be \ ( ' the facts also ence was convened to broaden awareness ofdone. This critical ) , revealed the need how developing countries view biotech-examination was for more consistent nology, their experiences in using it, andundertaken through , effort in the future their priorities and needs. It also aim'ed to,a number of presen- < ' l ' l to ensure that improve urnderstanding of the scientifictations-including ' L--7 ; _ international S evidence regarding risks and.policy.issues

*-the findings of a agricultural - related to biotechnology.recent.workshop organized by CIAT. research continues to underpin The conference drew more than 400on the impact of agricultural effective anti-povefty strategies in participants from around the world. They

A research on poverty alleviation' the developing world. - included representatives of national and(see page 8); CGIAR Chairman Ismail Serageldin international research organizations,

* case studies on poverty-related stressed that the CGIAR must evolve if academics, scientists, non-governmental-research across the, CGIAR centers it is to remain a strategic factor in and community-based organizations, theconduc'ted by the Impact harnessing science to meet the needs of private sector,'development communica-Assessment and' Evaluation Group the poor. For maximumeffectiveness, tors, and the media. Diverse viewpoints -(IAEG) he urged the CGIAR to look ahead: technological, environmental, ethical,

Continued on page 2 Continued on page 10

Visit the Future Harvest website at: www.futureharvest.org CGIAR NEWS 4 PAGE 1

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C GIAR AT THE how it sholrid be doing it, and with round of proposals will be discussed at

M ILLENNIUM whom, in the context of the next the next CGIAR meeting to be held indecade. The visioning exercise will also . May 2000. (For more details on the -

continuedfrom page 1 help to identify the direction and scope TAC's participatory consultations, seeof institutional changes needed to the website: www.cgiar.org) 4i.

"I believe that if we are to address these deploy the CGIAR's future resourcesissues adequately we must think about most effectively. WE HAVE MOVED!the future first. Not think from where These efforts will be led by the Cwe are." CL,IAR Technical Advisory Committee CGIAR Secretariat

As an essential next step, ICW99 (TAC) and involve the Centers, CGIAR 1800 G Street NW,launched a strategic exercise to define members, and all other stakeholders. Washington DC, 20433 USAwhat it should be doing and piroducing, TAC will move quickly, and its first

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ /.

I N TH11 S l diSS U E ~Serageldin

1 ICW99: CGIAR at the Millennium Remains at1 International Biotechnology . -

' Conference . - , Head of CGIAR -=2 Chairman Serageldin-Rec6nfirmed . t

Ismail Serageldin, the World -3 Crawford Lecture_ Bank's Vice President for -

3 ICW Honors Winkleman Special Programs, who began.and McCalla his term as CGIAR Chairman

4 Scientists Discover What's Choking in 1994, will remain at theLake Victoria helm for two more years.

6 Farmers and Scientists Transform . The Chairman of the 'Hillside Farming CGIAR is appointed by the .

7 Jimmy Carter Visits ICRISAT's World Bank President inGroundnut Research consultation with the Group.

The extension of Serageldin's8 How Does Research Reduce chairmanship was endorsed

by acclamation at ICW99 in11 The Bilderberg Conserlsus response to a submission

12 Chairman's Science Awards from the CGIAR Consultative

14 Announcements Council, based on a proposalfrom the World Bank's senior

* ICRISAT's New Director General management.* Anthropologist Assumes Lead at In accepting the

CIAT extension, Mr. Serageldin Ismail Serageidin

* New Deputy DG at IRRI said: The Chairman of theCGIAR holds office at the pleasure.of the Bank President. But the Chairman

New Bank Rural Development requires the confidence and trust of this body as well if the CGIAR system isDirector to function effectively and with a true sense of purpose. I appreciate the confi-

dence that Mr. Wolfensohn and you have placed in me. I accept that as a.... _______________ _ . sacred trust and pledge to. you that I will continue to-carry out my responsibili-

www.cgiar.org ties with the same dedication, the same belief in the values of the CGIAR,- thatIssued by the CGIAR Secretariat . I brought to the table when I assumed duties as Chairman in January 1994."1800 G Street NW, Washington DC, 20433, USA Mr. Serageldin will divide his time equally between the CGIAR and WorldTel: (1-202) 473-8951 * Fax: (1-202) 473-8110 B assignments.C-mail: cgiar@cgiar.org Bank asgmnsEditor: David KinleyDesign: Iseman Creadve, Inc.

PAGE 2 4I CGIAR NEWS

ICW99

Crawford Lecture:Expert on Rural Poverty Addresses CGIAR

Dr. Michael Lipton - expert on rural poverty in He has authored numerous books and 1988-90, he directed the Consumption anddeveloping countries - presented an address on scholarly papers including Why Poor People Nutrition Research Program at the CGIAR'sagricultural development and poverty reduction StayPoor: Urban Bias and International Food Policyas part of activities surrounding ICW99. World Development (1977, Research Institute (IFPRI).

Dr. Lipton presented the annual Sir John revised 1987); New Seeds - - He is currently working onCrawford Memorial Lecture on October 28, at and Poor People (with "2000-related" analyticalthe World Bank, H Street Auditorium, 1912 G - Richard Longhurst, 1989); . reviews of poverty reduc-Street NW, Washington, DC. His speech was Successes in Anti-poverty- tion for the Food andentitled, Reviving the stalled thrust toward (1998); and Poverty and Agriculture Organization,global poverty reduction: Are genetically Policy, with Martin Ravallion, - _ the International Fund formodified crops a need, a threat, or an in the Handbook of 9 Agricultural Development,irrelevance? The full text will be published by Devselopment Economics and the World B8nk.the CGIAR Secretariat in January, 2000. (1995). IZ Z

Dr. Lipton is Research Professor of Dr. Lipton's distin-Economics at the Poverty Research Unit, guished career includesSussex University, England. He was a co-author research in Bangladesh,of the Nuffield Council on Bioethics report, India, Sri Lanka, Botswana,Genetically Modified Crops: the Ethical and - Sierra Leone and SouthSocial Issues (London, 1999). Africa and Sri Lanka. In Dr Michael Lipton

ICW Honors Winkleman and McCalIa

The CGIAR said a special farewell to two role as an intemational spbkesman for the-trusted friends of long standing during ICW - CGIAR Centers. The CGIAR offers him warm eDon Winkelman and Alex McCalla. The Gioup felicitations and good wishes for the future. ES ,m madopted two resolutions recording its apprecia- The CGIAR unanimously resolved to honor .Vtion of their many contributions to the . and felicitate Alexander F McCalla for hiseffectiveness of the CGIAR. steadfast commitment to the mission and goalsThey read: of the CGIAR, and his

The CGIAR records its outstanding contributions wappreciatioh of the for over two decades tooutstanding service to the its effectiveness andCGIAR system of Donald L. impact. The CGIAR appre- *WWinkelman, through his strong ciates the exemplary Aag

commitment to the mission of manner in which he Alexander F . Cala nd m S ag Idin

the CGIAR system,, his contri- - t carried out a wide range manship of the Finance Committee. The CGIARbutions toithe development of . 4 of responsibilities offers him warm good wishes fof the future,the CGIAR research agenda, . \ including leadership of the and looks forward to his continuing role as ahis leadership as Chairman of XI Technical Advisory member of the CGIAR family.the- Technical Advisory ., Committee, service as aCommittee and as Director - -. cosponsor representingGeneral of CIMMYT and his Donald L. WVinkleman the World Bank, and chair-

CGIAR NEWS PAGE 3

SCIENTISTS DISCOVER WHAT'S CHOKINGLAKE VICTORIA

NEWS FROM FUTURE HARVEST: sediments that are feeding the water water to stagnate, making the shoreline aICRAF Uses Satellite hyacihth. This is one of the major causes breeding ground for mosquitoes that

ICRAF Uses SatellIte for Lake Victoria's environmental dernise," spread malaria and snails that provide

Technology to Locate said Pedro Sanchez, Director General of host to bilharzia, a human parasite thatICRAE "It surprised us to be able to attacks the liver, lungs, and eyes.

Deadly Nutrients apply land technology to lake water, and "These factors have spelled the end ofit led us in a new direction in terms of the lakeside economy - grounding

In early November, Future Harvest and diagnosing Lake Victoria's environmental fishermen's boats aifd depleting fish.ICRAF jointly announced the discovery of pr6blems." . stocks," said Sanchez. "As the economya source of the pollution that is killing the Extending over 27,000 square miles, ' continues to dry up, men are vacatingworld's second-largest freshwater lake and Lake Victoria is Africa's largest lake, and villages in search of jobs, often leavingthe chief reservoir of the Nile River. Using second in the worla only to North behind women and children who faceremote-sensing technology, scientists from America's Lake Superior. Bordered by severe poverty, disease, and malnutrition."-ICRAF mapped the sources of , ICRAF's research is helpingexcess nutrients entering the , . , scientists to better understandlake. These nutrients feed a - the role of the swampy, valleycarpet of water hyacinth that-is i areas-that surround the lake.-rapidly choking the life out of . When healthy, these riparianthe lake. The discovery has j.-- areas serve as a filtering system-important implications for - 5 _ . between the rivers that flowpollution abatement in other S down from the hillsides and the

polluted lakes throughout the lake. Their covering of brush,developing world. 'trees, reeds, and other

Future Harvest promoted vegetation helps them to servethe discovery as part of its as "sinks" where nutrients settleefforts to draw media attention instead of flowing freely intoto the links between fo6d and . -- < , - the lake. When these areas areenvironmental issues and to denuded, water flows over thempromote groundbreaking * . - taking with it nutrient-richresearch at the CGIAR Centers. . . sediments and other pollution.The discovery was widely "Scientists never suspected thatcovered in the world media, including the Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania, the Lake the riparian areas played such a key roleAssociated Press, Reuters, Agence France Region is one of the world's most in prevepting the pollution and thePresse, El Pais, Africa News Online, and . populated areas. Lake Victoria serves as takeover of the water hyacinth," saidthe Environmental News Network. - a source of employment for some Anne-Marie Izac, Director of Research atForthcoming stories will appear on CNN 30 million people, and it generates - ICRAE "They are an essential place toand in Paris Match. sizeable tourism revenues and supports start in restoring the,health of the lake

While studying soil types around tlhe many types of wildlife. and water system. Tree planting inlake,-ICRAF scientists discovered a plume The lake has been slowly dying over strategic plates will help stave off theof sediments causing eutrophication - the last decade because of an oversupply death of the lake by preventing furtherthe process by which a body of water - of nutrients and untreated sewage that sediment runoff."'becomes-enriched with dissolved have led to massive fish kills, toxi, algae The research has helped to foc'usnutrients that gtimulate the growth of blooms, and the rampant spread of the * strategies for saving the lake, possiblyaquatic plants. Satellite images revealed' aggressive floating weed - water hyacinth. helping cash-strapped countries to takethat the nutrients were not deriving solely The hyacinth starves fish and plankton of-- action within their-means.from agricultural runoff but from oxygen and sunlight and reduces the "The solution is simple, inexpensive,low-lying, deforested "riparian" zones diversity of important aquatic plants. and targeted," said Mr. Sanchez. "Itand other areas surrounding the lake. Hyacinth also blocks waterway traffic, involves reintroducing trees in the

"We noticed a dramatic plume of .restricting trade between already isolated riparian areas at the mouths of the threenitrogen- and phosphorous-rich regions. Finally, the hyacinth causes lake rivers that are most to blame for carrying

PAGE 4 CGIAR NEWS

nmain contributing factor for the runoffinto the lake."

A new project funded by the Swedish.'~ International Development Agency

(SIDA), ICRAF, and the Kenyan Ministry.

J - e;f) - n 2 = 1 - .a. - of Agriculture will extend the use of satel-lite imagery to identify other priority

-a- _L.,- m A iV-. watersheds and local hot spots in Kenya.-- and in the other countries bordering 5he

lake. ICRAF plans other activities to- _ _ ~~~ < ^ c= ... . ;;¢; * ' ~~~~~~~~ catalyze cross-front'ier collaboration.-

- _ < ~>~~ wr 5 b g ICRAF is also joining an internationalb . .. . - _ - .,; i.feffort with-various partners, including the

*r t,, e , Kenyan government, the United StatesAgency for International Development,and the Lake Victoria Environment

;,,J,f1N e i>@;0-r*s*, 2 1 _'a4;I W r;Hi _ Management Program (funded by World____ i, § _ __ ____ _,_4 ' .Bank and the European Union) to

combine efforts on agriculture, fisheries,large sediment deposits." Reintroducing researchers believed they arrived mainly water transport, and health issues aroundtrees into the landscape will also help from agricultural runoff. Livestock, which the lake. _2-.,disrupt the breeding of mosquitoes and trek to the lake every day to water, weresnails, resulting in improved human also implicated because they move nutri-health in the region. ents into the lake.

Satellite technology is able to identify "These were all back-of-the-envelope* the source of sediments through an theories based on information in Europe

"analytical spectrometry method," and in the United States," explained Ms.* whereby each soil type has a unique Izac. "Today's conclusions indicate thatsignature or fingerprint. These spectral farmers' agricultural practices are not thesignatures are characterized through acolor-coding system. The color of the Satelltci iags (below) hav accclt-atcd pollutith rcscarch

plume - greenish-yellow - indicates that - - _

the sediments are made mostly of a soil v A -t r-. type, Nitisols, mixed with another soil -type, Acrisols.. These soils come from Fgullies caused by soil and water erosion . - d : ' -

on, agricultural land, on the human and' y Str.livestock paths through those lahds, and' ,- < -in riparian zones where vegetation has _- ,r;,-been removed. -

The scientists have now tested theparticles from the area where the plume A

appeared. Not surprisingly, the plume was f .-

located near the points w~here each of the - ' "

three key rivers Hlow into the lake.By samppling.the soils just above the ,At' . e.confluence of the rivers, the scientists , ~ I*&

have narrowed the problem by findingwhich parts of the valley system producethe most nutrients. .

The source of the sediments has beendebated for years. A recent World Bank A____,_report argued-that they were deposited -'-from the atmosphere following forest Akjwburning and wind erosion, while -other .

CGIAR NEWS PAGE 5

\~~~~~~~~~7

FARMERS AND SCIENTISTS TRANSFORMHILLSIDE AGRICULTURE

Goal is Boosting Incomes and Poverty and Environmental Destruction in * Train poor farmers to develop and testPreventing Eco-disasters . Tropical Hillsides. solutions to problems in agriculture and to

Preventing Eco-disasters Hurricane Mitch destroyed 70 percent of disseminate them in rural commuities,More than-half a billion people live and farm ihe crops in Honduras and Nicaragua, killed - with only modest assistance fromon the tropical hillsides of Latin America, some 12,000 people, and left three.million the outside.Africa and Asia. This important and diverse pe6ple homeless. Much of this destruction * Design and create grassroots organizationsecosystem coyers some 5 million square miles, derived from the erosion across much of that can orchestrate efforts (involving ruralor 9 percent of the Earth's landmass, and Central America, the result of hundreds of . communities and the institutions that servecontain 50 percent of the world's tropical years of hillside agriculture. The'soil, largely - them) to combat poverty and improve theforests and 20 percent of the world's fresh timanagement of natural resources in hillsidewater. Yet each year nearly 10,000 square - -.! watersheds.miles of tropical forests and 13 billion tons of r - . 4 * Establish netwo.rks of local experimentaltopsoil are-lost, according to a new study , , sites, where scientists,,farr)ers, and develop-released jointly by the CGIAR and Future - _J , ment specialists can work jointly to developHarvest. and evaluate a wide range of alternative

The consequences of this environmental I . - . technologies for agricultural production and'degradation on tropical hillsides are visible on natural resource conservation.TV news nightly, from the mudslides that hit stripped of the trees and native plants * Develop simple but reliable tools that enablerural Mexico this October, to the devastation protected, couldn't absorb the huge amounts local communities and institutions to collectthat Hurricane Mitch brought to Central - of rainfall from the hurricane. A similar - and manage the inforimation they need forAmerica in-1998, killing 12,000 people. situation took place,in Mexico, when making decisigns and planning initiativesBut CGIAR scientists and farmers are now mudslides brought on by heavy rain killed that promote locaFdevelopment andtransforming hillside agriculture to both between 300 and 600 people. environmental conservation.increase income for farmers and to halt this "Hurricane Mitch provided Central CIAT scientists are forming local agricul-massive hillside erosion and deforestation. America and the rest of the world with an tural research committees and community

"We need a way to bring together and unforgettable lesson in the interdependence of watershed associations to work with farmersdistribute the-knowledge that these isolated town and country," the CIAT report says. and local specialists in several countries offarmers have gathered over hundreds of years "City dwellers wh,o lost their homes and Latin America. These grassroots organizationsand combine that with the latest agricultural livelihoods together with small farmers whose serve as a catalyst, providing farmers withtechnology for.hillsides," explained Ismail land and-crops were washed away were left advice and credit, and often improved seed.Serageldin, CGIAR Chairman. "That's why wondering whe,ther anything can be done Poor farmers on tropical hillsides suffercommunications are key to any successful to make the region less vulrnerable to such from low and stagnant incomes, limited

-development effort. We want to end the disasters." . opportunities for employment, low agricul-,isolation of these farmers and their families C-GIAR scientists.began working in 1993 tural productivity, poor access to educationand assist them to enter the global economy to bring the latest scientific advances to bear and health services, and a lack of politicalof the 21st century" on this neglected enVironment. The Center's power and institutional supporF.

About 40 percent of the people in hillside collaborative work with farmers, non-govern- "The plight of hillside communities is alsoregions live in absolute poverty. This poverty ment organizations (NGOs) and national amplified by environmental damage," thehas caused widespread hunger, and has led to institutions has resulted in a novel prog?am of report says. About 60 percent of the hillsidepolitical and criminal violence and drug , "integrated research with.a landscape perspec- area in Central America and the Andean Zonetrafficking in South America, Mexico and tive," which is being tested at three hillside shows signs of serious soil erosion. HurricaneSoutheast Asia. - sites in tropical Latin America. Mitch was the worst natural disaster to hit

"The conditions of tropical hillside . Under this approach, local researchers Central America in this century, and thepoverty and violence are also causing a.mass and development specialists work with rural . agricultu'ral sector of Honduras and Nicaraguaexodus of the poor to cities around the world, communities to carry out the following took the brunt of it. The storm destroyedincreasing urban congestion, crime and five steps:. . up to 70 percent of the countries' basicdisease," says Jacqueline Ashby, Ph.D., * food crops.research director.at the International Center * Devise computer-based, geographic infor- In addition, the storm caused heavyfor Tropical Agriculture (CIAT, for its initials mation systems (GIS) that simplify the damage to the natural resources that underpinin Spanish) and-chief author.of a new report: tasks of monitoring agricultural land use agriculture. In many places Hurricane MitchFarmers' Knowledge Meets Formal Science: A and choosing alternative cburses of action caused massive soil erosion, exposing subsoilPeople-Centered Strategy For Combating . at the regional, national, and local levels, and rocks and severely damaging the land's

PAGE 6 CGIAR NEWS

Jimmy Carter VisitsICRISATs Groundnut Research

productive capacity. Siltation of rivers alsojeopardized water supplies for irrigation and Former U.S. President and Future Harvest effort to make Africa self-sufficient andenergy generation. Ambassador Jimmy Carter wished ICRISAT prevent famines in the continent. Nobel

Agriculture accounts for nearly 30 perceni good luck for its research on groundnut laureate Norman Borlaug heads theof the gross domestic product in Honduras and (peanut) after his visit to an ICRISAT program.more than 25 percent in Nicaragua. The demonstration plot at Selingue, a village Ayako Sono, Chairperson of Nipponhurricane wiped out about 80 percent.of the near Bamako, Mali on 16 October 1999. Foundation and Yohei Sasakawa as well ascommercial crops grown in Honduras and "I've spent all my life with groundnut," several African leaders, includingNicaragua for sale abroad. Also, rice, cotton, Mr. Carter told Dr. Farid Waliyar, ICRISAT Nicephore Soglo, former President of Benintobacco, sugar cane, sesame seed, pineapples,. Plant Pathologist. Dr. Waiiyar, who is based and Amadou Toure, former President ofcantaloupes, honeydew, and other fruits and ' at ICRISAT's Mali, attended the workshop which wasvegetables were badly damaged, Bamako Research inaugurated by Alpha Oumar Konare,

The research behind this new approach was Location, briefly F - President of Mali. Olusegun Obasanjo,pioneered in, 1993 in Cabuyai River w-atershed, described the President of Nigeria and Norman Borlauglocated in Colombia's southwestern Cauca Institute's activi- who could not attend sent their bestDepartment. It drew upon many years of-field ties, particularly wishes.work aimed at improving qrop varieties and relating to Analyzing theclose links betweenfarming practices for.the region. It also built on groundnut researc,h and development in poverty and war, Mr. Carter stressed the,more recent efforts to develop and introduce West and Central Africa. need for increased agricultural productionmethods for farmer participatory research. -. Posters specially developed for the and better infrastructure in the region in

'By 1995 the integrated approach was occasion highlighted the significance of his opening address at the workshop. Hesufficiently advanced for further testing and groundnut in the region, which accounts was optimistic that smallholder farmersrefinement at sites in other countries where for three-fourths of the total groundnut could now have brighter prospects, as theCIAT had a long history of collaborative production of Africa. Dr. Waliyar said that technologies to overcome constraints toresearch on staple crops. The Center and its the crop was particularly important for agriculturallocal research partners first applied the - women farmers because it is a valuable 4 production wereapproach at two more locations in Central source of protein as well as cash income. t available.America: first in the watershed of the Tascalapa Mr. Carter was accompanied by his . _ , |Before theirRiver in Honduras' Yoro Department and more wife, Rosalynn. The other members of the departure fromrecently in the watershed of the Calico River in delegation included Government Officials Selingue, Mr. andNicaragua's Matagalpa Department. - of Mali, Yohei Sasakawa, President of . Mrs. Carter

Partners then replicated the approach in N-ippon Foundation, Jim Erwin, received brochures published by ICRISAT,three more locations and with CIAT, trained International Director of Lions Club, and its partners, and Future Harvest.over 1000 professionals from over 400 Marcel G'aliba, Director of Sasakawa-Global Appreciating the opportunity to explainmunicipal government, NGO and community 2000 (SG 2000) operations in Mali, ICRISAT's new research thrusts to Mr.organizations. These institutions are intro- Burkina Faso, and Benin. Carter, Dr. Waliyar said, "It's the fulfillmentducing elements of the approach into their own The visit to the demonstration plot was of a dream. It has been my long-cherishedprograms in watersheds and mtnicipalifies arranged as part of a workshop on "Food wish to invite Mr. Carter to see ourelsewhere in Central America as a result of Chain in sub-Saharan Africa: from the groundnut research activities at ICRISAT."action plans formulated during the training. Farm to the Market," organized by Nippon

"The approach is now set for wider- Foundation-SG 2000 at Bamako. Theapplication, in tropical America and beyond," objective was to identify opportunities thatexplained Dr. Ashby. "With sufficient-funds, would help African smallholder farmers tomunicipal governments and communities can improve their incomes.set up committees and watershed organizations As the moving spirit behind the SGto improve the livelihood of poor people 2000 program, Mr. Carter was oiie of thethrough better land management. This prominent participants of the workshop.approach can help poor people in tropical The SG 2000 program was created in 1986,hillsides throughout Africa, Asia, and the rest when the Carter Center and the Sasakawaof Latin America and the Caribbean." Association for Africa joined forces in an

- For more; see: www.cgiar.org andwww.futureharvest.org. -,_

CGIAR NEWS 'f PAGE 7

- -t-~- vAut'A -o

HOW DOES RESEARCH REDUCE POVERTY?CGIAR Workshop Analyzes the Connections

The plight of the world's billion-plus poor varieties in Nigeria. Though small farmers cheaper food, made possible by moreweighs heavily on the minds df develop- sometimes adopt new technologies more efficient crop production. This hasment specialists. Why, they ask, does slowly than large producers, large numbers especially helped the poor, since they spendpoverty continue to reign in so many places, of sniall farmers have adopted and . much of their income on food. Iower fooddespite enormous social, economic, and benefited. prices alone, however, cannot lift people outtechnological advances. What more can be Higher farm incomes made possible by of poverty Increased incomes have far moredone to open pathways out of poverty? improved technologies have enabled rural impact in reducing the numbers of poor.

In September 1999, some 175 - people to seize new opportunities. In Asia, . As-markets become more global,economists, agricultural researchers, and for example, families that adopted modern moreover, agricultural innovation at thedevelopment experts gaihered at San Joty, rice varieties have provide an education for national level has less effect oh local foodCosta Rica, to conduct a rigoroyus examina- their children, who have then obtained prices, especially in urban areas that are welltion of these questions. The - . . ' connected to world markets.organizers (CIAT, CATIE*, - However, in isolated areas,and IICA**) commissioned . these production gains canmore than 20 papers for the . still help the poor by makingworkshop, and more than food cheaper.80 researchers shared theirresults. F r 3. Providing pathways out of

Below are the key ' ' 4' ' , ' povertyfindings, based upon an J - The rural poor pursueanalysis prepared in October different "pathways out of'by Douglas Pachico, CIAT's . poverty," and research helpsdirector for Strategic I these people find a wayPlanning and Impact . - forward. In many households,Ass'essment, and presented -agricultural production isduring the opening session . _ frequently the responsibility.of the CGIAR's annual meet- - i Z <' ' of women, who benefit fromings in Washington; D.C. - - innovations in the production

How Does Agricultural - - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~of staple foods and fromHow Does Agricultural - - - -> ------ - - - -- J ~ labor-saving devices. TheyResearch Reduce Poverty? also gain opportunities fromThe poor sustain themselves through many better paying jobs off the farm. Far from research on small agroenterprisedifferent liveliho6ds. They are small farmers, locking rural people into poverty on small development.herders, city dwellers, and landless farm . farms, agricultural research has helped Leaving the countryside is anotherlaborers. They are disproportionately old or many of them find an exit. important pathway out of rural povertyvery young, and the majority are women. Research has also benefited landless Agricultural research contributes to anMost of the benefits of research reach the workers, who are among the poorest of the easier transition from village to urban life atpoor throilgh four main avenues: poor, through job creation in a more .least indirectly, by raising farm incomes,'

productive agriculture. Many far~m laborers creating jobs, and thus enabling farm1. Raising farm income and jobs have migrated to more favored regions families to educate their children. AResearch improves farmincome by offerfiig where farmers have taken up new varieties. prosperous agriculture, by fueling growth-techpological innovations that boost agricul- Future work opportunities in agriculture in other sectors, helps create a moretural productivity Strong eyidence points to will most likely come moie from the favorable economic climate for migrantsmassive productivity increases during recent production of high-value commodities (such seeking work.decades in impoverished areas. ., as fruits, vegetables, and livestock) and from

The best-known examples are the value-added processing of a wide range of 4. Fueling economic growthwidespread adoption of modern rice and tropical products. Agricultur'al research does not reach all ofwheat varieties. But other cases include the poor, many point out, and some of itsvirus-free sweet potatoes for poor farmers in 2. Lotwering food prices in the marketplace benefits are siphoned off by the well-to-do.hillside areas of China, livestock technolo- One of the greatest benefits of agricultural But research clearly improves.the returns togies in sub-Saharan Africa, and new cassava research in developing countries has been credit programs, land reform, extension,

PAGE 8 CGIAR NEWS

infrastructure improvement, and other rural linked to poverty. Such places present the national and local organizations; andinvestments, and thus is a vital component CGIAR centers and partners with improve government policies. Each ofof integrated strategies for reducing poverty. opportunities to confront poverty and these products represents a potentially

environmental destruction at the same time. lucrative investment in better livelihoodsPoverty and Environmental Degradation for the poor.Do the rural poor live primarily where A Greater Impact on Poverty . Critics claim that many poor peopleconditions for agriculture are harsh? Is rural Can agricultural research be targeted have not received their fair share of thepoverty a driving force behind environ- specifically to reduce poverty? Can it research benefits and that some of thesemental degradation in the tropics? , effectively accomplish multiple goals? have actually gone to the rich. Such

The overall picture is quite clear. In Many research organizations have given criticisms should serve agriculturalIndia, 65 percent of the rural poor live in high priority to crops that are grown and researchers as a constant reminder thatmarginal environments. Most of the rural consumed mainly by the poor, and they their work can be better targeted andpoor in China are concentrated in'rem'ote have targeted regions where large numbers better managed.upland areas. Clearly, many rural poor also of poor people live. Yet, empirical evidence The shortcomings of research shouldlive in favorable environments. But if cited by suggests that this research has not not divert attention from the impressiveresearch concentrates exclusively on such always registered high gains in reducing record of success. On the strength of thatareas, it bypasses the majority of the poor. poverty - record, agricultural research must play a

- Many studies show that rice -and wheat Participatory research methods can central role during the next century in .

research has had a greater impact in . improve the design of iechnology for poor paying society's huge debt to. the 1.3 billionfavorable areas. Yet, a recent study of a farmers, as illustrated in maize variety people living in absolute poverty fi

wider array of crops in India found that development in Mexico. Generally, research in rainfed environments gave researchers can bring their work more Note: Selected papers presented at the intenia-higher marginal rates of return than in in line-with the needs of poor farmers by tional workslhop "Assessing the Impact ofirrigated environments and did more to actively involving them and giving them Agricultural Researchi on Poverty Alleviation"reduce poverty Similarly, in dry areas of a voice in the activities of research ivill be published in April 2001 in the journalWest Asia research has yielded attractive organizations. Food Policy. Most of the other papers will bereturns. To reduce poverty, research must The record of impact demonstrates that available soon on CIAT's Web sitecater to both classes of environments. the increased agricultural productivity tnade (http:/Iwwwciat.cgiarorg).

Cross-country analysis'finds no relation- * possible by research has had substantial (Email: d.pachico@cgiarorg)ship between poverty and soil erosion. But impact in reducing poverty. Moreover, manyin local-level studies, the link appears to poor farmers have succeeded in improving *CATIE, Centro Agronomico Tropical dehold. In Honduras, one study found that their management of natural resources in Investigacion y Ensefhanza (Center forpoor farmers pra'ctice sustainable soil addition to raising productivity Research and Higher Education in Tropicalmanagement less often than their wealthier Agricultuire)neighbors. . Tremendous Potential - **IlCA,lnstituto Interamericano de

The "livelihood strategies" of poor The prospects for contiinued impact from Cooperacion para la Agricultura(Inter-farmers determine whether or not they agricultural research on the food security, American Institute for Cooperation indegrade natural resources. Many farmers poverty and environmental fronts have Agriculture)invest in resource improvement to raise never been better. CGIAR centers, togethertheir incomes. But others mine resources with their research partners, havebefore exiting agriculture. Or they allow accumulated a huge stock of "social capital"rcesources to degrade until conservation in the form of networks and otherseems necessary or worthwhile. partnerships. With this capital, they are

Overall, the evidence suggests that generating a wider array of useful productspoverty is not the main driving force behind than ever before.environmental degradation in the tropics. These include improved crop germplasmThe rich control more natural resources for marginal and favorable-than the poor and often destroy them. The environments as well as methods andpoor can regenerate degraded land, and this information that help intensify crop andhas been shown to improve livelihoods in livestock production; protect water, forests,places where resource destruction is tightly soil, and aquatic resources; strengthen'

CGIAR NEWS PAGE 9

BIO TECHNOLOG Y procedures must be in place. building; 4) ensuring compliance with agreedPotential allergy risks can now be assessed biosafety standards; 5) managing intellectualContinuedfrom page 1 with protocols in place in several countries; property; 6) stre,ngthening the efforts to

economic and social - were actively sought so but, independent regulatory systems for 'develop and iniplement specific public/privatethat linkages could be explored, and the food safety must enjoy a high degree of sector partnefships; and 7) regular, systematicelements of a consensus could emerge, one public trust. . communication with stakehol4drs ondirected 'specifically toWard the needs of small * There is a need to assess the long-term biotechnology issues.farmers and consumers of developing countries. socio-economic impact of biotechnology; Many of the participants provided a

From the parallel regional'sessions, the both positive and negative impacts should . -positive feedback about the conference andfollowing important points emerged: . be monitored. believed that it achieved its key objectives. The

* A great deal of biotechnology research and * CGIAR must be very clear about the ethical conference proceedings are being edited andapplications 4re being carried out in position from which it makes decision in will be published early in 2000.developing countries. India, China, Brazil - carrying out its research. The CGIAR will continue to be a keiyhave already sizeable investments in * Public and private sector roles are - facilitator of this dialogue. Clearly, suchbiotechnology. . - changing: Two critical roles were seen for , science-based discussions are critical in guiding

* There is a belief that the tools of biotech- the CGIAR: protector of the interests of the the sfrategies of the international agriculturalnology do have something to offer in poor; and bridge-builder in biotechnology research centers of the CGIAR as theymeeting.their needs, although those needs partnerships. - mobilize, in collaboration with their partners,differ from country to country. * Reaffirmat-ion that IP.management is a -cutting-edge science to combat poverty, hunger,

* There have-been some solid success stories. critical-issue in many countries. and environmental degradation in the* Constraints include lack of awareness * Communicating about biotechnology is developing- world. ffi

about the extent of either risks or benefits; perception management, not just handing ** Cosponsors included the Biotechnology Industrylack of critical mass in terms of personnel out information but engaging in dialogue. Organization, Food and Agriculture Organization,and infrastructure support; dealing with Trust is the key element to pursue-in Global Forum on Agricultural Research,intellectual propeety management issues; -addressing public perceptions. International Councilfor Science,-Internationaland difficulties in regulatory aspects, Specific suggestions emerged on areas of Fund for Agricultural Developmeit, Third Worldparticularly on biosafety issues. activity and issues where the CGIAR centers Academy of Sciences, UN Development Programme,

Plenary sessions raised the following could play a useful role in the future. These UN'Educational, Scientific and Culturalkey points: - included: 1) facilitating the gathering and shar- Organization, UN Environment Programmie,

* Transparent, science-based frameworks are . ing of information; 2) identifying problems and UN Indusirial Development Organization, andneeded to assess risks; risk management priority setting; 3) supporting national capacity Union of Concerned Scientists.

Voices from the Conference"Does molecular biology have a role to play?' Yes, it does. It is not the silver bullet, but it "Keeping in view the large population my country has to feed as we movedoes have a role to play There can be a partnership, between the North and the South, into the next century, [biotechnology] is the science which is going to offer usin benefting from this quantum leap io research." - BONGIWE NJOBE-MBULI, DIRECTOR nutritional, health, environment, ecological, and livelihood securityGENERAL, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, SOUTH AFRICA - - MANJU SHARMA, SECRETARY TO INDIA'S DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

"Condemning biotechnology for its potential risks without considering the "We need to rethink research and development priorities. Do we really needaltemative risks of prolonging human misery caused by hunger malnutrition to use biotechnology to further intensify 5griculture? And we need to developand child death is as unwise and unethical as blindly pursuing this technology better crops with real real, and I mean demonstrable and sustainable benefitswithout the necessary biosafety. - PER PINSTRUP-ANDERSEN, DIRECTOR GENERAL, because if the public is going to have confidence in biotechnology, we reallyINTERNATIONAL FOOD POLIcy RESEARCH INSTITUTE need to be able to go out and say here is a crop that has a real environmental

"We need to recognize that biotechnology is one tool in our arsenal for feeding the word benefit. - BRIAN JOHNSON, BRmSH STATUTORY NATURE CONSERVATION AGENCIES, UKin the future. It's a solution, but it isn't without its problems. We can't afford to ignore the "Biotechnoiogy will soon play a major role in crop improvement ... areaspotential of biotechnology!. - ALEXANDER F. MCCALLA, DIRECTOR, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, planted to cultivars developed by using biotechnology will increase steadily inTHE WORLD BANK the years to come. Biotechnology will contribute greatly to food production

'If agroulture is to attract ybung people in developing or industrialized and fdod security in the coming years. - OFA ZHANG, PROFESSOR AND DEAN,

* countries, it-must be both intellectually satisfying and economically rewarding. HUAZHONG AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, CHINA

This is where the new opportunities will arise, of eco-jobs or eco-farming or -E.imrpnng power in intellectual property favors those who are producers ofprecision farming, using everything in a precise way. " - M.S. SWAMINATHAN, proprietary knowledge, not its users. Stronger intellectual property rights mayFATHER OF INDIA'S "GREEN REVOLUTION,' AND RECIPIENT OF THE WORLD FOOD PRIZE, 1987 actually slow the overall pace of innovation and increase the knowledge gap

between North and South, rich and poor - HOPE SHANDS, DIRECTOR OF RESEARCH,

RAFI INTERNATIONAL

PAGE 10 CGIAR NEWS

THE BILDERBERG CONSENSUS:INTEGRATED -NATURAL RESOURCES

MANAGEMENT IN THE CGIARIn September 1999, specfalists in ecological dimensions of INRM. A set of been inimical to the fulfillment of INRMintegrated natural resources management eight examples of INRM problems was potential. To make progress, the CGIAR(INRM) met at the Bilderberg Hotel in identified to test how these principles and needs to make changes (includingOosterbeek, the Netherlands, to discuss criteria might be applied. The problem sets structural, managerial, and institutionaldirections for INRM research in the CGIAR. were chosen from five ecoregions: dry lands changes) at System and Centre levels.The participants represented most of the and deserts; range lands and savannahs; .16 CGIAR Centers, national.research humid tropical -lowlands;'aquatic systems; The Next Stepssystems (NARS) in eight * and mountains and uplands. The Bilderberg Consensus was presented at developing countries, the > ICW99 in October, and a follow up meetingCGIAR's Technical Advisory Scientific Opportunities and was sponsored bySwitzerland and theCommittee,.NGO Committee E . Breakthroughs Netherlands. Amongst the nex't steps is aand its Impact Assessmeiit - Advances in several scientific areas scientific meeting on INRM focused onand Evaluation Group, non- were seeh as having the potential to cross-cutting issues common to CGIARCGIAR international research improve tNRM, but also to pose new priority eco-regions 'will be hosted byinstitutes, advanced research 3 challenges. One problem fhe.CGIAR ICLARM in Penang, Malaysia, from'organizations, and funding ; needs to be particularly sensitive to 21-25 August 2000. An ad hoc task forceagencies. - 6 is the difficulty that small farmers comprising Jeff Sayer (CIFOR), Paul Eggar

The workshop was face in acquiring access to the - (Switzerland), Florencia Montagniniorganized by the CGIAR Center Directors . benefits of advanced technologies (such as ' -Committee (CDC) and chaired by CIFOR biotechnology, remote sensing and spatialDirector General Jeffrey Sayer as head of modeling, and computer-based information)the CDC Committee on Sustainability without external assistanceand the Environment. Following the'workshop, a statement known as the Ecoregional and Systemwide Programs T-"Bilderberg.Cons,ensus" was issued. Below Eco-regio'nal and systemn-wide programs >: e is a summary have potential as vehicles for the

implementation of CGIAR-initiated (CATIE), Richard Har'wood (TAC) andThe Challenges INRM activities. Several such programs Michael Swift (TSBF) was set up Co prepareThere is wide agreemeAt that the CGIAR's are already in place, with collaborative . the meeting. -This taskforce will:three principal goals of eradicating poverty, partnerships well developed and scientific . * Promote electronic discussion.of keyattaining food secutity and conserving the and geographic areas defined. There have INRM topics, and encourage CGIARenvironment are highly inter-dependent. If been encouraging results, even though -scientists to take the lead in moder--measures to improve yields of food crops many require sharpening of management, ating/leading such discussions.and livestock are not based on adequate more visible stakeholder expression, a * Revamp, update and maintain the INRMunderstanding of the needs and optionrs of clearer problem focus and more integrated website www.cgiar.org/cifor/inrmthe poor and do not take into account the NRM approaches. developed by CIFOR to facilitateecology, economic and institutional context dialogues and exchange of informationof the systems being addressed, poverty will Obstacles to INRM Research - amongst CGIAR INRM scientists.not be eradicated. Since-the early 1990s, the *The workshop concluded that there is a . * Publish the Bilderberg report, possiblyCGIAR has recognized that agricultural strong need for INRM research and that attaching to it a bibliography.of theresearch must go beyond the traditional - much is already known about how this -documents and a summary of theparadigms and deal more broadly with how should be pursued. CGIAR Centers have web-based inventory.-the rural environment can better contribute made major advances in the application of * Provide inputs on INRM to the CGIARto the CGIAR's three main goals. INRM principles in certain areas and to Consultative Council discussions on

certain-problems. However, the performance vision and restructuring. jPrinciples and CTriteria of the CGIAR as a whole is variable and the :Participants established principles and practical application of INRM research hascriteria to determine how well CGIAR fallen short of aspirations. Several attributesprojects integrate the scientific, social and of the CGIAR were identified as having

CGIAR NEWS PAGE 11

CHAIRMAN'S 1999 SCIENCE AWARDS

l~~~~-* *t -~

4%~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

9~~~~~~~~~~~R

Left to righit: Clhairmtan Ismail Serageldini, Amos Omore, Paul E. Ilona, Jamnes Legg, David Bergvinison. and Walter Falconi of Stanfor-d Uniiversity.

Outstanding Local'Scientific support Staff ~~~-y -

| _~~~~~~~~- r-_' t

The award was presented to Paul E. Ilona, a Research Associate r';~ .~

from -Nigeria working at the International Institute of TropicalAgriculture,(IITA) "for his outstanding contributions to thedevelopment of cassava varieties and their adoption by farmers inSub-Saharan Africa." Cassa~va is a vital component of foodsupplies in Sub-Saharan Africa and IITAs Paul lobna has made asizeable contribultion to extendiihg improved varieties to thousands of farmers across the contiient. Mr. Ilona has assistednational programs and farmers in many countries to collect,

characterize-, and maintain local germplasm. He has organized .*hundreds of farmers in NSigeria to m'ultiply improved varieties.And he -has worked effectively with non-governmental groups to -

resuscitate cassava production in emergency situations in Angola and Liberia. Mr. Ilona has proven that he is a extremely compe-tent researcher with stronig agronomic skills and an unusual- ability to work under very tough conditions to solve complexand challenging problems.

PAGE12 CGIAX NEWS

'Outstanding Local Scientist

*The award was presented to Amos Omore, a VeterinaryEpidemiologist from Kenya working at the International Livestock

- j lCR>esearch Institute (ILRI- 'for his outstanding contributions to theA -, g a improvement of dairy production and marketing in small holder

,,i , i > livestock systemsin Kenya." Amos' work involves helping todevelop and test methodologies for "production-to-consumption"

_, td . dairy subsystems in sub-Saharan Africa. Hisimajor contributions- ' . include: conducting a national-level rapid appraisal to identify

.rC vj \ E -~ ~-_ constraints and opportunities for dairy development in Kenya;U* * . -assessing the public health risks of raw milk marketing; testing and

implementation of "best-bet" technologies and policy options toimprove dairy production and marketing in smallholder systems.Amos' work demonstrates more than outstanding intelligence andcommitment. He has shown what it is to be an "integrator" and awhole system's thinker.

Promising Young Scientist _

The award was presented to James Legg, an Associate Scientistfrom the United Kingdom workifig at the International Institute of 4Tropical Agriculture (IITA) "for his outstanding contributions tostrengthening research for the control pf cassava mosaic virus .disease in Africa." This destructive disease poses one of thegreatest challenges to researchers in the Tropics, and costs farmersan estimated US$1.2 to 2.3 billion each year. James Legg has beenworking with IITA since 1995 in the fight against it. Together withcolleagues in East Africa, he has helped turn a disastrous situationinto a clear success story Because of their research'on identifying -.

and disseminating mosaic resistant cassava-varieties, a lasting solu-tion is now available and is already successfully .. ,...implemented. Areas where there was starvation only recently are i e .

now growing again a productive cassava crop. .

Promising Young Scientist

The award was presented to David Bergvinson, Senior Scientist- J from Canada working at the International Maize and Wheat

Improvement Center (CIMMYT) "for his outstanding contributions-. to the development of modern host plant resistance program in

maize." In just four years working at CIMMYT, David hasiI -~~_ ' _ , addressed several major scientific challenges with innovation,

initiative, energy, logic and enthusiasmn. He has expanded andadvanced the host plant resistance program to one which routinelyuses molecular methods within a full-scale pedigree breedingprogram. At the same time; he has established the largest insect

Aw | | | rearing facility for maize in the world. David has demonstrated apersonal commitment to research that impacts in farmers' fieldsand has earned the highest respect from his fellow scientists.

CGIAR NEWS 4k PAGE 13.

ICRISAT's New Director General August 1999. His greatest contribution to

'4 . sThe Chair of ICRISAT's Governing Board, agriculture was during his tenure in the-~~~~ Dr -anidSoleg ha'noietta Department of Agriculture where he worked_ . ~~~~~~~Dr. Ragnhild Sohlberg, has announiced that--

r DR. WILLIAM DOLLENTE DAR has been unstintingly for ruial development and the

appointed.as the next Director General. He is uplift of Filipino farmers and fisher folk|>. .expected to join ' Under his stewardship the agriculture sectorthe Institute - - gained a positive 2.7 percent gr'owth, with

pp, ~~ on or about rice and corn registering 35 percent and

10 January, 2000. 62 percent growth respectively, the highest'Born in the town in six years. He also served -as the Chair of

_ ~~~~~~~Born in the town,.- ~ . of Santa Maria in : . _ the Asia-Pacific Association of Agricultural

r 5 the province of -|f--;t s~-s-- Research Institutions (APAARI), and-____'___lIlocos Sur, represented the region in the establishment

Phi li p pine Su, of the Global Forum on Agricultural*Phil953,Wippines in ;tResearch (GFAR), an initiative 6f the1953, WilliamDar will be the CGIAR.~_ -youngest Director * ts . > William Dar is no'stranger to ICRISAT,,_ -General in the ', lyhaving served as a-member of the ICRISAT

- i Institute's history D WVilliam Dar Governing Board from January 1997 to._ ' . .William D.r rose to his current position September 1999. He is a member of other

_ - a . ~~~~~William Dar rose to his current positionoPresidential Advisor -Qn Rural Boards of Trustees including CIMMYT, and

. _ . .-. . , ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~the Australian Centre for InternationalDevelopment in the Philippines after a steep thAurainCtefrItraiol

rise ieveopm nt thi care alter be n wthe Agricultural Research. Earlier he was aand-steady rmse ig his career beginning wtth,his BS degree in Agricultural Education at member of the Oversight Committee of the

t -the Benguet State University in the - CGIAR. ICRISAT is very pleased to welcomePhilippines. He . his MS.....degreein Dr. Dar as the new Director General, andPhilippines. He took hIs MS degree looks forward to his invigorating leadership

D Agronomy from the same ' .a drcin.= ' ' 0 - --university, where he worked his way up and direction.

from Instructor to Professor to VicePresident for Research and Development

Support Services. He completed his Ph.D. in New Rural Development ChiefHorticulture at the University of thePhilippines, Los Bafios, in 1980.

In' 1987, Dr. Dar helped set up the ROBERT L. THOMPSON has been

Bureau of Agricultural Research of the appointed Director of Rural Development atPhilippine Department of Agriculture, and, the World Bank. He has been serving as is a

as its first Director, led it through its first senior advisor on strategy and policy forseven years. He led the formulation of the' agricultural and rural development at theNational Agricultural Research and'- Bank in Washingion, DC. He is also a seniorExtension Agenda, and the rationalization of advisor at the Center for Strategic and

| the agricultural research system of the coun- International Studies in Washington, DC.'try. In 1994, he became Executive Director Thompson served formerly as President

of the Los Bahios-based Philippine Council and CEO of the Winrock International

for Agriculture, Forestry, and Natural 'Institute for Agricultural DevelopmentResources Research and Development (1993-98), as Dean of Agriculture (1987-93)(PCARRD), which.is the apex agricultural and Professor of Agricultural Economicsresearch-institution bf the country. (1-974-93) at Purdue University, as Assistant

Pr$esident Estrada of the Philippines Secretary for Economics at the U.S.

appointed William Dar as the Acting Department of Agriculture (1985-87) and as

Secretary-of the-Department of Agriculture Senior Staff Economist for Food and(equivalent to the Minister of Agriculture) Agriculture at the President's Council 'of

-in 1998, and to his present position in Economic Advisers (1983-85).

PAGE 14 CGIAR NEWS

7 1 *M ;:,, .__a

He is past president of the International Association of New Deputy Director General at IRRIAgricultural Economists. He is a Fellow of-the American The former vice president of the Chinese Academy of -

Agricultural Economics Association and of the American * Agriculturl Sciences (CAAS), DR. REN WANG, willofficiallyAssociation for the Advancement of Science and a Foreign Aoaoft Avn etfice . become IRRI's new deputy director general for research inMember of the Royal Swedish Academy of Agriculture and

January 2000.Forestry and of the Ukrainian Academy of Agricultur-al Sciences: Announcing the appointment, IRRI director general Ronald -P

Cantrell said, "Dr. Wang brings to IRRI not only impressive-leadership experience and an excellent scientific background butalso a direct link, to China's valuable contributions and traditionsAnthropologist Assumes Lead at CIAT 'of scientific excellence in rice research. His joining the Institute

DR. JOACHIM VOSS has been appointed as the next Director " will undoubtedly strengthen ties between IRRI and China andGeneral of the International Center for Tropical Agriculture provide our research efforts with an important boost at the start(CIAT),'based in Cali, Colombia, by decision of the Center's of the new millennium."Board of Trustees. Voss will take up the position in April 2000. Formal links between IRRI'and.China were first established

An experienced and widely respected research manager, Voss, in 1982 with the' CAAS as the lead agency The relationship was52, has a demonstrated capacity to lead teams of natural and strengthened in Novemnber 1997 when. the Chinra-IRRI Liaisonsocialfscientists in addressing the problems of small farmers, Office was formally-established in Beijing. During a recent visitpoor consumers, and the environment in developing countries. to IRRI, Dr. Wang said, "The world today is faced with several

Currently, he is manager of the Research Division of Canada's irreversible trends: population increases in developing countries;International Development'Research Centre (IDRC), where he a growing demand for more and better food; a need to conservehas worked since 1988. His main responsibiiities are to organize ' diminishing natural resources, biodiversity, and the environment;and lead problem-focused, interdisciplinary teams working on and the globalization of trade and science."natural resource management, the environment, and information Chinese Premier Li Peng appointed Dr. Wang as viceand communications. president of the CAAS in November 1q94, where he was

"We are delighted to have someone of Dr. Voss' stature and responsible for strategic planning, priority setting, andexperience," said CIAT Board Chairman Dr. Fernando Chaparro. developing major agricultural research programs. Dr. Wang also"He brings to us a wealth of experience in international served on the expert advisory panel that drafted China's nationalagricultural development, and he's thoroughly dedicated to the guidelines for the development of agricultural science andCenter's humanitarian mission." technology (2001-2015). He was a member of an expert

"Joachim-has an excellent grasp of research and development committee charged with developing guidelines and makingissues and realities in Africa, Asia, and Latin America;" said strategic plans' for the Ministry of Science and technology,CIAT's interim director general Aart van Schoonhoven. "He's Before joining the CAAS, Dr. Wang was deputy director of thewell-prepared to lead CIAT in fulfilling its responsibilities both as International Institute of Biological Control run bya regional and global research center." Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux International in the United

Voss is well known at CIAT and in the CGIAR. From 1983 to Kingdom. Over two years, he developed research projects and1988, Voss s'erved CIAT as a Rockefeller Foundation postdoctoral was involved in institutional capacity building, trainingfellow and then as a senior scientist working on farming systems programs, technical' assistance in biological pest control,in Burundi, Rwanda, and Zaire. During the past five years, while. integrated pest management, and conservation of biodiversity.acting as IDRC's representative to the CGIAR, he has acquired a Dr. Wang was also a member of a specialist panel on science anddetailed knowledge of the 16 .Centers supported by the Group strategy that was p'art of the..CGIAR System Review in 1998.and of their donors. Voss holds a Master's degree in RuralSociology from the University of Guelph and received his Ph.D.in economic anthropology from the University of Toronto.

CIAT's fifth Director General since the Center's establishmentin 1967 - succeeds economist Dr. Grant M. Scobie, who resignedlast September after more than, four years of dedicated service inleading the Center.

-.REMEMBER -WE HAVE MOVED!CGIAR Secretarial -

1800 G Street NW,Washington DC, 20433 USA

CGIAR NEWS PAGE 15

C

CGIAR Chairman CGIAR CENTERS'Ismail Serageldin

International Cent&r for Tropical * International Food Policy ResearchCGIAR Executive Secretary Agriculture (CIAT) Institute (IFPRI)

Cali, Colombia' Washingto'n, DC, United StatesAlexander von der Osten Phone: (57-2) 4450000 Phone: (1-202) 862-5600

Web: http://www.ciat.cgiar.org' . Web: http://www.cgiar.org/ifpri

CosponsorsFood and Agrculture Orgaization of *Center for International Forestry ' *International Institute of TropicalFo'od and Agriculture Organization of

Research'(CIFOR) Agriculture (IITA)Bogor, Indonesia Ibadan, Nigeria

United Nations Development Programme Phone: (62-251) 622 622 (operator) Phone: (234-2) 2412626Web: http://wvw.cgiar.org/cifor Web: http://www.cgiar.org/iita

United Nations Environment Programme

The World Bank * International Center for the * International Livestock ResearchImprovement of Maize and Wheat Institute (ILRI)(CIMMYT) Nairobi, Kenya

CGIAR Members Mexico City, Mexico Phone: (254-2) 630743

Countries - Phone: 52 5804 2004 Web: http://www.cgiar.org/ilriWeb: http://www.cimmyt.mx

Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium, Brazil, * International Plant Genetic

Canada, China, Colombia, Cote d'lvoire, Denmark, *. International Potato Center (CIP) Resources Institute (IPGRI)

Egypt, Finland, France, Germany,lndia, Indonesia, Lima, Peru Rome, ItalyPhone: (51-1) 349-6017 Phone: (39-06) 518921

Iran, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Kenya, Korea, Luxembourg-, Fax (51-I) 349-5638 Web; http://www.cgiar.org/ipgri

Mexico, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeri, Web: http://www.cipotato.cgiar.org

Norway, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Portugal, * International Rice ResearchNor.ay, * International Center for Institute (IRRI)

Romania, Russian Federation, South Africa, Spain, Agricultural Research In the Dry Los Bafios, Philippines

Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Thailand, Uganda, ; Areas (ICARDA) Phone: (63-2) 8450563

United Kingdom, United States of America Aleppo, Syrian Arab Republic Web: http://wwwcgiar.orglirriPhone: (963-21) 2213433- .Web: http://www.cgiar.org/icarda' . International Servic'e for National

Foundations ' ' ' ' Agricultural Research (ISNAR)International Center for Living The Hague, The Netherlands

Ford Foundation, Kellogg Foundation, Aquatic Resources Management Phone: (31-70) 3496100

Rockefeller Foundation (ICLARM) Web: http://www.cgiar:orglisnar

Makati City, Philippines'Phone: (63'2) 812-8641 to 47 _ * International Water Management

International and Regional Organizations http://www.cgiar.org/iclarm Institute (IWMI)

African Development Bank, Arab Fund for Colombo, Sn Lanka

Economic and Social Development, Asian * Interiiational Centre for Research Phone: (94-1) 867404- . .in Agroforestry (ICRAF) -Web: http://www.cgiar.org/iwmi

Development Bank, European Commission, FoodNairobi, Kenya

and Agriculture Organization-bf the United Nations, Phone: (254-2) 52450 Africa WRice DevelopmentInter-American De Bank, International Webciaion (ARDAInter-American Development Bank, ternational http://www.cgiaorg/icraf Bouake, Cote d'lvoire

Development Research Centre, International-Fund I Phone: (225) 634514

for Agricultural Development, Opec Fund for Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics Web: http://www.cgiar.org/warda

International Development, United Nations (ICRISAT)Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh, India

Development Programme, United Nations Phone: (91-40)3296161

Environment Programme, The World Bank Web: http://www.cgiar.orgIicrisat

PAGE 16r CGIAR NEWS Printed on Recycled Paper