1

A Critical Assessment of the Natural

Disaster Risk Management Framework in Cameroon

An End-of-Course Case Study Submitted to the Department of City Management and Urban Development of

the World Bank Institute in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of a Certificate in Natural

Disaster Risk Management

BY ELIAS NDIFOR AYANJI

Trainer Local Government Training Centre (CEFAM), Buea

POSTGRADUATE DIPLOMA

Urban Management and Human Resource Development Institute for Housing and Urban Development Studies (I.H.S,) Rotterdam, The Netherlands,

November 2004

2 1.0 BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON CAMEROON Cameroon is located in Central Africa at the crossroads of Equatorial Africa to the South and Tropical Africa to the North; and between longitudes 8º and 16º East of Greenwich Meridian and latitudes 2º and 13º North of the Equator. Cameroon is fondly referred to as Africa in miniature because of its geological, environmental, climatic cultural and linguistic diversity; and because of its central location in Africa. It shares common boundaries with Nigeria to the West, Chad to the North East, Central African Republic to the East, Congo, Gabon and Equatorial Guinea to the South (ANNEX 1). Some key development statistics about Cameroon are presented below. Table I: Some Key development figures about Cameroon

Indicator Value Year Population size 14.7 million Mid 1999 Population growth rate (annual) 2.8 % 1999 Urbanization rate 49.2 % 1999 Life expectancy at birth 59 years 1999 GDP per capita (USA) (estimated) 524 2000/2001 Economy annual growth rate (estimated) 5.4 % 2000/2001 External debt (FCFA) as % of GDP (Estimate) 74.8% 2000/2001 Proportion of population below poverty line 50% 1999/2000 Population with access to safe water supplies 44 % 1998 Proportion of under weight children (under 5) 22.2% 1998 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 150.7% 1998 Incidence rate for malaria 45.9% 1997 Immunisation coverage 29.4% 1998 Ratio of girls to boys in primary education 82.1% 1997/1998 Gross primary enrolment rate 81.8% 1997/1998 Net primary enrolment rate 61.7% 1997 Source: UN Country Progress Report, 2001 1.1 Form of the State The Republic of Cameroon is a decentralised unitary State comprising three levels of government: Central Government, 10 Regions and 339 Local Governments. The 10 regions are divided into 379 deconcentrated structures (headed by appointed civil servants in charge of oversight and mentoring of devolution structures). 1.2 The Types of Disasters The central location of Cameroon (ANNEX 1) makes it vulnerable to virtually all the hazards that are recorded in Africa. A list of disasters to which Cameroon have occurred in the last two decades are presented in the Table below. Table II: Types of Disasters recorded from 1984 to 2004 Types of Disasters

Specific Examples

Year of Occurrence

Place of Occurrence

Province No.of Deaths

Emanation of toxic gas

1986 Lake Nyos North West 1785

Emanation of toxic gas

1984 Lake Manoun West 200

Geological

Emanation of toxic gas

19996 Nsimalen Centre NA

3 Volcanic Eruptions

1982, 1999, 2002

Mount Cameroon

South West NA

landslides 1997 Bafaka Balue South West NA

landslides 1998 Yaounde Centre NA Drought

1998 Wide Area North, Far North,

Adamauao NA

Famine 1998 Wide Area North, Far North, Adamauao

NA

Locust infestations

1999 Wide Area North, Far North, Adamauao

NA

Tornadoes Wide Area North West NA Rainstorms 2001 Kesa Centre NA

Thunderstorms Adamauoa NA Floods 1998 Lagdo-Maga Adamaoua NA Floods 2001 Douala Littoral 4 Floods 2001 Limbe South West 23

Climatic Hazards

Floods 2001 Yaounde Centre 1

Deforestation

Continuum Wide Area East, South West, South Provinces

NA Environmental Hazards

Desertification Continuum Wide Area North, Far North, Adamauao

NA

Cholera 1996

Bibemi, Pitoa, Garoua

North 36

Measles 1997, 1998 Wum North West 53 Meningities 2001 Wabane North West 31

Epidemics

Cholera 1991 Diamaré Far North 440 Diarrhaea 1997, 1998 Ambam, Kribi

Olanze, Djoum, Ebolowa,Zoetele

South Province 61

Technological Disasters

Fire from Petroleum

1999 Nsam Centre 400

Fires 2001 Oyom-Abang Centre 3 Fires 1998 Sangmelima

Market South

Fires 2000 Bafoussam Market

West NA

Fires 2001 Essos Market

West NA

Armed conflicts 1993 Koto Arabe Choa

Far North NA

Armed conflicts 1997 Bakassi South West NA Armed conflicts 1997 Molondo South West NA

Other Disasters

Armed conflicts 1998 Boyo North west NA

2.0 A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF A FLOOD DISASTER EVENT IN LIMBE URBAN COUNCIL IN 2001

2.1 The Location of Limbe

4 The Limbe Urban Council ( ANNEX 2) is located along the coastal area of the Fako Division, South West Province. It has a surface area of 545 km2. It is bounded in the North by Moliwe Village; South by the Atlantic Ocean; West by Batoke Beach (Mile 8); East by Tiko Rural Council. Limbe had a population of 28,294 in 1987 (as per 1987 Population Census) and the population is presently estimated at 100,000. The climate is very hot and rainfall is torrential in the months of June/July (Consult rainfall statistics for flood years in ANNEXE 3). 2.2 The Flood Disaster in Limbe 2001 The first recorded incidence of floods in the biblical records are the floods in the days of Noah. The Bible records that these floods resulted from increased precipitation for a period of forty days and nights. In Cameroon, most of the floods recorded are also due to excessive rainfall. The most recent floods/landslides occurred in Limbe on 26 and 27 June 2001 as result of natural and anthropogenic factors such as excessive and prolonged rainfall, disorderly agricultural practices, rapid urbanization, poor drainage systems and poor land use, etc. These floods (and landslides) resulted in considerable direct and indirect human, material and environmental losses, including: the direct losses of 23 human lives (ANNEX 6), about 50 persons injured, losses of livestock and property (especially 78 houses completely destroyed, equipment) community infrastructure (roads, water and electricity supply lines, communication systems, schools, hospitals, churches, etc.) and the environment (environmental pollution and degradation); and indirect losses: unemployment, disruption of economic activities and livelihoods. All looses were estimated at CFA 1.5 billion Frs. (About 3 million U.S dollars). The floods affected about 3000 inhabitants of the Limbe Municipality, notably, in the neighborhoods of Mabeta, New layout, Toowe, Livanda, Congo Moyo and Motowo. 2.3 Emergency Response Informed of the disaster, the Minister of Territorial Administration and Decentralisation (MINATD), who is responsible for civil protection, immediately visited the site and mobilized human resources (a team of 725 persons of which 230 were volunteers from humanitarian and charitable organizations), financial resources (CFA 30 Million francs) and material resources (15 trucks, two caterpillars, 14 assorted vehicles,). He also prescribed a series of urgent measures that the Divisional Crisis Commission (set up by the Senior Divisional Officer) should implement to ensure the security of people and goods.

The Divisional Crisis Commission also received donations comprising mattresses, bed sheets, plats, food, tents and coffins. The destitute survivors were temporary lodged in Saker Baptist College, as part of the emergency response. Other ex post measures included the set up of an inter-ministerial committee by the Prime Minister, Mr. Peter Musonge, chaired by Dr Pierre Nana, Director of the Department of Disaster and Emergency Services(DDES) to determine ways of rehabilitating and reconstructing the Limbe Municipality. The Prime Minister also visited Limbe (ANNEX 7) for an on-the-spot assessment of the gravity of the situation. 3.0 AN OVERVIEW OF THE NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 3.1 The Legal Firework The Disaster Management System in Cameroon derives from Law No. 86-16 of 6 December 1986 to reorganize civil protection; Law No. 98-15 of 14 July 1998 relating to establishments classified as dangerous, unhealthy or obnoxious, Decree No. 98-31 of 9 March 1998 to determine the organization of emergency and relief plans (ex post disaster measures), Decree No.96/054 of 12 March 1996 to determine the composition and duties of the National Council for Civil Protection, and Decree No. 2004/99 of 26 April 2004 to reorganize the Ministry of Territorial Administration and Decentralization (MINATD). It is a “top down” hierarchical structure (ANNEX 4), which puts more emphasis on disaster response than prevention and mitigation.

5 3.2 The Policies By virtue of this legal framework, the President of the Republic, assisted by the National Council for Civil Protection (members in ANNEX 10), defines policies relating to disaster risk management, and such policies are implemented by the Ministry of Territorial Administration and Decentralization (MINATD), under the Department of Disaster and Emergency Services (formally the Department for Civil Protection), and assisted by the deconcentrated services of a series of specialized ministries. MINATD itself is represented in the entire national territory by a network of 379 deconcentrated structures, which are responsible for the implementation of emergency response plans. Therefore, in the event of a disaster or grave danger, the emergency response plan is launched by:

- the Divisional Officer at the divisional level; - the Governor at the provincial or regional level; - the Secretary-General of the Presidency at the national level.

The emergency plan is launched only when the competent authority (Divisional Officer, Governor, Secretary General) has reliable and irrefutable information on the nature and scope of the disaster or grave danger. The competent authority takes the following measures:

- sends out the alert; - promptly initiates emergency relief activities; - informs higher authorities; - mobilizes the necessary human, material and financial resources; - promptly convenes the Crisis Commission; - informs the general public.

The Crisis Commission is responsible, in particular, for: - co-coordinating public relief action; - directing relief operations; - preparing rescue facilities; - forwarding relief to the disaster area; - determining the assistance and relief needs of victims; - assessing the immediate and after effects of the disaster; - managing all the human, material and financial resources provided for the circumstance

by the government authorities, public or private international organizations and, in general, all gifts and legacies.

The overall coordination of the disaster management system lies with the Department of the DDES, which is the nodal agency for disaster management in Cameroon. The responsibilities of the DDES incorporate the key elements of disaster risk management, including risk identification, mitigation, risk transfer(calamity funds), preparedness, emergency response, rehabilitation and construction. In brief, the DDES is responsible for: • general organization of disaster and emergency services in the entire country; • studies on disaster and emergency measures both in times of war and of peace; • relations with national and international disaster and emergency service organizations; • preparing training courses for disaster and emergency services staff, in conjunction with the

Department of Human Resources of MINATD; • examining requests for compensation and financial assistance from disaster victims; • controlling the use of aid; • coordinating resources deployed for disaster and emergency services, notably relief, rescue,

logistics, use of back-up and auxiliary forces; • transporting bodies; • monitoring the management of aid. 3.3 The Intervention Strategy The intervention strategy of the DDES focuses on three main complementary approaches:

6 Before disasters: it promotes disaster prevention/mitigation mainly through information, awareness-raising, sensitisation and education. Activities relating to prevention, mitigation and preparedness include:

• The organisation of the National Day for Civil Protection on 01 March 2002 and the organisation of the International Day for Disaster Reduction on 09 October 2002 in the Headquarters of the 58 Divisions in Cameroon. Both events were marked by speeches and the dissemination of messages relating to disaster prevention, mitigation and preparedness, and the formation of networks of civil protection communicators;

• The institution of a service in the DDES, to work during weekends and public holidays, with the objective of collecting, analysing, disseminating and storing information on disasters/risks that may occur during weekends and public holidays;

• The publication of a Report on the State of Civil Protection in Cameroon, which incorporates guidelines for disaster risk management for administrative officials;

• The completion of sectoral disaster Contingency Plans for Cameroon; • The Conduct of a national workshop for the participatory identification (Cf ANNEX 10 for

the list of participants) of the requirements for the set up of a National Observatory for Disaster Risk Prevention and the National Programme for the Prevention and Management of Disasters (notably in collaboration with UNDP) in Cameroon;

• The creation of a Website for the DDES. During disasters: implementation of emergency response programmes (Sectoral Contingency Plans) for efficient and effective disaster management. Activities include the on-the-spot coordination of emergency responses, search and rescue operations. After disasters: performing activities relating to compensation, rehabilitation and reconstruction, in particular:

• The DDES is managing the CFA 750,000 millions francs (about 1.5 million U.S dollars) disbursed by Central Government for the compensation of the Limbe flood victims and the in implementation of the recommendations of the inter-ministerial commission set up to determine ways of rehabilitating and reconstructing the Limbe Municipality;

• A committee has been set up in the DDES to monitor the operations relating to the degassing of Lake Nyos, and the delimitation of a security zone around this Lake, which killed 1785 people in 1986.

3.4 Institutions and Actors The institutions and actors in disaster risk management in Cameroon include: 3.4.1 The Various Ministries

• The Ministry of Territorial Administration and Decentralisation (MINATD, which is responsible for the coordination of disaster management;

• The Ministry of Defence, which is often called upon to provide forces for search and rescue operations;

• The Ministry of Public Health, which is responsible for the provision of drugs for disaster victims;

• The Ministry of Town Planning and Housing, which is responsible for the implementation of town planning, land use regulations and building codes;

• The Ministry of Transports, which is responsible for the implementation of safety campaigns in the transportation sector;

• The Ministry of Social Affairs contributes to the rehabilitation of disaster victims; • The Ministry of Scientific and Technical Research and its Research Institutions are

responsible for the conduct of research on disaster risk and the installation of early warning systems;

7 • Though the role of local authorities is not very explicit in the legislation, they have been

instrumental in prevention and mitigation, because they are closest to the communities and have good knowledge of local context and realities;

• Other Ministries that are the members of the National Council for Civ il Protection are found in ANNEX 10.

3.4.2 Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) and Civil Society

• The Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies are prominent in the provision of humanitarian assistance and conduct of disaster prevention training programmes;

• The collaboration and support of UNDP have been crucial in the conduct of two national workshops on the participatory identification of the requirements for the set up of a National Observatory for Disaster Risk Prevention; the provision of technical expertise for the preparation of the National Programme for the Prevention and Management of Disasters in Cameroon; and the publication of a document on the State of Civil Protection in Cameroon in 2002.

The financing of this system is borne by the relief and calamity funds of the DDES and international assistance. The interaction of all these actors has been presented in the structure of disaster management in Cameroon in Annex 4. 4.0 THE STRENGTHS OF THE ABOVE SYSTEM • Though the DDES was initially set up to response to disasters risks, it is gradually shifting

to, and placing more emphasis on proactive disaster management (disaster related capacity enhancement, prevention and mitigation), notably following the reforms of MINATD. The DDES is also the formalised coordination agency for disaster management in Cameroon;

• The system is built on a disaster strategy that covers prevention, mitigation preparedness, emergency response, rehabilitation and reconstruction;

• There is a strong political will to reform the system and gradually move from disaster response to placing emphasis on disaster prevention, and mitigation and preparedness; there is also a strong political will to support the natural disaster risk management system with appropriate legislation to make it sustainable;

• The DDES, as the nodal disaster management agency, has full time paid workers, some of which are scheduled to work even during weekends and public holidays, should a disaster occur during such periods;

• The system is linked to the research institutions of the Ministry of Scientific and Technical Research, enabling government to benefit from advise in land use planning and mapping of risk prone areas;

• The Central Government has recently recognised the need to introduce legal reforms that incorporate specific roles for local authorities, the civil society and the private sector; and feasibility studies relating to these reforms have been done in a participatory manner (CF list of participants in ANNEX 10 who attended a diagnostic workshop on the matter). Moreover, the Central Government has implicitly acknowledged that key players should be assigned specific duties so that they could be held accountable for action or inaction.

4.1 WEAKNESSES OF THE ABOVE SYSTEM

• The role of the Ministry of Finance and the Budget (though it is a member of the National Council for Civil Protection) in ensuring that crucial financial resources are budgeted by all the ministries involved in disaster management is not evident in the above system;

• • The keeping of historical records, in the DDES, relating to disasters/risks is poor, and the

information on disasters is often incomplete, especially in terms statistics;

8 • The DDES finds it difficult to implement structural and non-structural mitigation

measures at the local level, especially as the role of local governments is not well defined in existing pieces of legislation; and though they are closest to the people and may have a good knowledge of local realities;

• Moreover, the standards and norms for accountability for the use of relief resources are not available (Cameroon was ranked the sixth most corrupt Country in the World by Transparency International in 2004);

• The insurance system is very under-developed implying that government bears the brunt of rehabilitation and reconstructions, because private sector involvement in risk transfer is limited. Moreover, the roles of NGOs, CBOs and the private sector are not indicated in the existing legislation;

• This system lays more emphasis on ex post measures rather ex ante measures (prevention and mitigation). Local crisis commissions are set up and activated during disasters risks; and disbanded when the disaster risk is over, and their roles are limited to disaster risk response (ex post); moreover, Crisis commissions can only be set up by decision of the Provincial Governor (at the provincial level) and by decision of the Divisional Officer (at divisional level). The setting up of these Crises commissions poses a problem when any of the competent authorities is not available or is preoccupied by other official matters; or when a disaster risk occurs during the weekend. This was the case with the Mount Cameroon eruption in 2000, which occurred when the Governor of the South West Province was on an official tour to the Lebialem Division, and therefore was unable to set up the Provincial Crisis Commission in time.

• Financial resources for the implementation of this system come from the calamity budgetary head of the DDES. Often these resources are not disbursed in time; though it is common knowledge that the first 24 hours following a disaster are critical for search and rescue operations. Moreover, the DDES finds it difficult to mobilise counterpart resources from partners to implement the national disaster management system, especially as concerns prevention and mitigation. Furthermore, partner organisations and administrations hardly budget for mitigation and prevention activities in spite numerous awareness and capacity-building programmes organised by DDES; and despite the regular occurrences of such disasters as fires, floods, volcanic eruptions; simply because the community lacks a culture of disaster prevention and mitigation.

• Law No. 86-16 of 6 December 1986 to reorganize civil protection provides for the set up of a National Observatory for Disasters to monitor disaster risk prone areas on a permanent basis. However, this organ has not yet been set up, some 18 years after this Law was published in the Official Gazette; however, the Central Government has recently recognized the need to set up this organ (ANNEX);

• The Limbe Urban Council, like many urban councils in Cameroon (but for Douala, Yaounde, Nkongsamba and Garoua) do not have well-structured fire-fighting brigades; or disaster management services/units, and this further complicates the implementation of this national management system in the event of a disaster.

5.0 RECOMMENDATIONS AND CLOSING The recommendations in this section mostly focus on what the Limbe Municipality could do to curb vulnerability to floods, though there is ample recognition of the need to reform the national disaster management system, which is now part of national agenda (ANNEX 10). The management of floods in Limbe requires an integrated; comprehensive and multi-disciplinary approach involving the following:

• The determination of the exact causes of the floods, involving an analysis of the social and economic causes of floods; the identification of the major constraints on and opportunities for managing floods; the identification of the key players and the clarification of roles and responsibilities for managing floods; the identification of short,

9 medium and long term actions to be taken; the establishment of clear processes and procedures for decision making for flood management to avoid overlap the responsibilities. The Limbe Urban Council should seek assistance from aid agencies who can help improve on the existing drainage system in the city.

• The indiscriminate building of houses in violation of town planning rules and regulations should be checked and if possible such houses should be demolished. Moreover, homes should not be built on flood plains. Neither should any other type of landed property be located on flood plains; the invasion and occupation of vacant vulnerable flood sites should be stopped (ANNEX 8); streams such as the Jengele should be maintained and their channels kept wide enough to facilitate the quick evacuation of run-off waters. Houses built too close to the Jengele river must be demolished and no more houses should be built along its shores; projects for the upgrading of occupied flood plans and corresponding resettlement schemes should be prepared;

• The drainage system should be constructed in all of the Limbe Municipality taking into consideration the ease of maintenance and the possible future extension of the town and the drainage system itself; there is also the need for the regular cleaning of clogged water ways;

• Measures should be taken to increase the vegetation cover in the city especially around steep hilly sides, as this helps to reduce the speed of run-off water after rainfall; deep rooted trees should be planted on steep slops and hill sides. In brief, the deforestation of slops and steep hills around Limbe should be checked;

• There should be awareness and sensitisation campaigns in Limbe, advising people on the negative consequences of dumping waste in drains as this eventually blocks the flow path of the drains. Disaster risk management services should be set up in the Limbe Municipality;

• Government should set up permanent local emergency relief teams that can be activated in the event of a disaster;

• The seashore must be built with solid stones or block wall to avoid tidal overflow. If the tides were high on these fateful days o 26 and 27 June 201, Limbe should have recorded more deaths (ANEEX 6).

5.1 Conclusion There is a growing awareness in Cameroon that the successful implementation of a comprehensive disaster risk management framework depends on the distribution of roles, allocation of resources and enhancing the capacity of communities to mitigate, prepare for, and respond to all types of disasters. The achievement of the millennium development goals, especially with regard to poverty reduction, depends on pursuing efforts in this direction. This is where disaster risk management is and urgent development concern in Cameroon.

10

Reference Lists 1 Aaron, Neba Modern Geography of the United Republic of Cameroon.

New York: Hamilton Printing Company; 1982.

2 Lambi, mbifung et al. (editors)

Readings in Geography. Bamenda: Unique Printers, 2001.

3 MINAT/UNDP Rappaort sur l’Etat de la Protection Civile au Cameroun en 2002 . Yaounde: MINAT/DPC,2003

4 Nsutebu, F. Zachery “Preventing and Responding to the Invasion and Spontaneous Occupation of Vulnerable Sites in Urban Centres in Cameroon” Seminar Lecture. Local Government Training Centre, 1990.

Reference List (Course materials from the World bank Institute) Bangladesh: Disasters and Public Finance, DMF, WPS No 6 Catastrophes and Development, DMF, WPS No 4 Catastrophe Insurance Market in The Caribbean Region, WB Policy Research WP2963 Dominica: Natural Disasters and Economic Development in a Small Island State, DMF, WPS No 2 Gujarat Earthquake Recovery Program: Assessment Report Malawi and Southern Africa: Climatic Variability and Economic Performance, DMF, WPS No 7 The Last Straw, DMF, WPS No 5 Managing Catastrophic Disaster Risks Using Alternative Risk Financing and Pooled Structures, WB Technical Paper No 495 Managing Disaster Risk in Emerging Economies, DMF, WPS No 2 Managing Disaster Risk in Mexico, DMF, WPS No 1 Microfinance and Disaster Risk Management Experiences and Lessons Learned, WB 2002 Natural Hazard Risk Management in the Caribbean, WB, 2002

ANNEX 1

11 The Central Location of Cameroon in Africa

12

Annex 2

The Flood Disaster Prone Areas in Limbe

ANNEX 3: Rainfall Statistics for Flood Years in Limbe

13

ANNEX 4 Structure of the Disaster Management System in Cameroon

Presidency of the Republic

14

ANNEX 5

International Assistance

(UNDP, etc)

Deconcentrated Structures of the Ministries of Social Affairs/MINATD

Map of Disaster Prone Areas in Cameroon (Types of Disasters in French)

15

ANNEX 6

Victims of the Limbe Flood Disaster 2001

16

ANNEX 7

The Prime Minister Mr. Peter MUSONGE Visits the Limbe Flood Sites

17

ANNEX 8 The Occupation of Vulnerable Sites in Limbe

18

ANNEX 9

Landslides Accompanied the Floods

19

ANNEX 10

LIST OF PARTICIPANTS WHO ATTENDED THE WORKSHOP ON THE PARTICIPATORY DIAGNOSIS OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE NATIONAL OBSERVATORY FOR DISASTERS AND THE NATIONAL PROGRAMME FOR DISASTER MANAGEMNT

20

ADMINISTRATIONS THAT ARE MEMBERS OF THE NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR CIVIL PROTECTION

Number Names

4 SOMO Jean-Paul SG/PRC (General Secretariat of the Presidency/Presidency the Republic of Cameroon)

5 BIKORO SG/PM (General Secretariat/ Prime Ministry) 7 ATSIGA ESSALA MINAS (Ministry of Social Affairs) 8 NGUEFACK Simon MINAS (Ministry of Social Affairs)

9 MBAKOP Daniel MINEFI (Ministry of Finance) 10 BEKOLO ESSAMA MINEFI (Ministry of Finance)

11 BEYALA Joséphine T. B. MINEF (Ministry of Environment and Forestry) 12 NJINYAM Doreen B. MINEF (Ministry of Environment and Forestry)

13 NGAKO Vincent MINREST (Ministry of Scientific and Technical Research)

14 NNANGE Joseph METUK MINREST (IRGM - Geological and Mining Research Institute)

15 ATEBA BEKOA MINREST (IRGM -Geological and Mining Research Institute)

16 Dr HELL MINREST 17 OYONO EBENE MINCOM (Ministry of Communication)

18 NANA François Xavier MINCOM (Ministry of Communication) 19 NJIKAM MOUSSA MINCOM (Ministry of Communication) 20 TCHOUANKEU Samuel MINSANTE (Ministry of Public health)

21 Dr NIAT MINSANTE (Ministry of Public Health)

22 NTEP GWETH Paul MINMEE (Ministry of Mines, Water and Energy Resources)

23 NGUEYA Pierre MINMEE (Ministry of Mines, Water and Energy Resources)

24 Colonnel NONO Robert MINDEF (Ministry of Defence) 25 Col. BALEGUEL Daniel MINDEF/ SED (Defence)

26 Lt Col. MAMA Ambroise MINDEF/ DSO 27 Cap. MBARA Martin MINDEF/CNSP (National Fire Brigade) 28 Cap. TCHOUANKAM A. MINDEF /DIRTRANS

29 ZONOU Dieudonné MINTP (Ministry of Public Works) 30 NGUETCHO SITIO MINTP (Ministry of Public Works)

31 NDILASSI Innocent MINTP (Ministry of Public Works) 32 MAMA MVOGO Michel MINPOSTEL (Ministry of Posts et

21

Telecommunications

33 ESSISSIMA ELLA MEYE MINREX (Ministry of External Relations) 34 BEKONO NKOA Georges MINREX (Ministry of External Relations)

35 ONDOUA Guillaume MINTRANSPORT (Ministry of Transports) 36 YOGO YOGO Joseph MINTRANSPORT (Ministry of Transports)

37 CPP NGUIDJOI II Etienne DGSN (General Delegation for National Security)

38 BOYONGOMA Gabriel DGRE

39 MELONGO Miller Marcel DGRE 40 SIMOND NKAMCHOR A. DGRE 41 ABDOULAYE MAZOU MINJUSTICE (Ministry of Justice)

42 EKANE Jean NTOUNGWE MINJUSTICE (Ministry of Justice) 43 TCHUINDJANG David MINTOUR (Ministry of Tourism)

44 MOHAMMADOU KOMBI MINTOUR (Ministry of Tourism) 45 Mme OULI NDONGO MINTOUR (Ministry of Tourism)

46 MANGUELE Célestin MINPAT (Ministry of Plan and Regional Development)

47 ZE ONDOUA Charles MINUH (Ministry of Town Planning and Housing)

48 MVOMO ZO'O MINVIL (Ministry of Urban Affairs) 49 MVONDO ONDOA Joseph MINVIL (Ministry of Urban Affairs)

50 MVONDO NKOULOU Alain MINVIL (Ministry of Urban Affairs) 51 NOUKAHOUA Philippe MINEDUC (Ministry of National Education)

52 ZOGNING INC

NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS

Number Names National and International Organisations

60 BETIMA Joseph UNDP (United Nations Development Programme) 61 Dr MBAM MBAM WHO (World Health Organisation)

62 Dr NISSACK Françoise WHO (World Health Organisation) 63 SAYI Daniel International Federation RC (Red Cross)

64 BIDZOGO ONGUENE Protais CRC (Cameroon Red Cross)

65 MATANDA Sadrack Bertrand

CRC (Cameroon Red Cross)

66 MBENGUI Salomon CRC (Cameroon Red Cross)

67 NDJATSANA Michel W.W.F. (World Wide Fund for Nature)

22

PUBLIC AND PARASTATAL COMPANIES

Number Names Public and Parastatal Companies

68 TONGA Philippe SNH(National Hydrocarbons Company) 69 SIMON TAMFU SNH (National Hydrocarbons Company)

70 KOUAMO Jean-Luc SOPECAM (Société de Presse et d'Edition du Cameroun) 71 AMAYENA Nicolas SOPECAM (Société de Presse et d'Edition du Cameroun)

72 NDASI Christopher CRTV (Cameroon Radio and Television) 73 MBIAMA EFOUDOU CRTV (Cameroon Radio and Television)

74 BIWOLE ENGUENE Jean A.

FEICOM (Special Council Support Fund for Mutual Assistance)

75 TCHUENTE NAMTCHUENG

76 TOUM Simon Bernard 77 NTONIFOR John SNEC (Société Nationale des Eaux du Cameroun)

78 FAUSSI TESSA C. SNEC (Société Nationale des Eaux du Cameroun) 79 NJUSI AD. CDC (Cameroon Development Corporation)

UNIVERSITIES AND NATIONAL TRAINING INSTITUTIONS

Number Names Universities and Training Institutions

80 Pr. TCHOUA Félix University of Yaounde I

81 Dr TCHANA N. Angèle University of Yaounde I 82 Dr TONYE University of Yaounde I 83 Dr NANA Richard University of Yaounde I

84 Pr TABI AKONO François University of Yaounde II

85 Dr AYONGHE N. Samuel University of Buea

86 Dr SUH C. Emmanuel University of Buea

87 Mme Eloundou Thérèse Local Government Training Centre, Buea 88 Mme NANA ENAP Buea

89 ONDOUA Jean Bernard Advanced School for Public Management (ISMP)

INSURANCE COMPANIES

Number Names Insurance Companies

90 FOTSO Jean Marie CPA (Compagnie Professionnelle d'Assurances)

23

91 BILOA Zitha CNA (National Insurance Company)

Associations - NGO - Specialised Firms

Number Names Associations - NGO - Specialized Firms

92 Dr BEKOE NGOUBA Christophe ONG CAMSANTE

93 NGABMEN Hubert ITSD B.P. 6316 Yaoundé Tél : 231 89 10 / 231 03 14 / 995 23 73

94 ELOUNDOU Gaston Cabinet Rence B.P. 13799 Yaoundé

95 Dr ELONG NGONO RISK MITIGATION AND CONTROL (RMC) Tél/Fax : 230 58 50

96 Pr. BOYONO ASSAL Cabinet AFOACAM

97 EDOUARD OUM Cabinet IBT : Fax 222 24 00/222 26 88

98 Gabriel BIACOB A.S. SECOURS ET CHARITE

99 TSALA MESSINGA Jean- Marie

O.N.G. SOS Catastrophes et Calamités sans frontières

100 Dr POUOMOGNE Victor Tél 348 25 05 White Dove Company

101 TEITCHOU Merlin Isidor Observatoire Geo Dynamique Interne

102 Coordinator Mount-Cameroon Project Mount Cameroon Project (BUEA)

103 Dr ETOUNDI MBALLA Georges Medecine des Catastrophes