a level iii cultural resources evaluation of powertech (usa) … · 2012. 12. 3. · a level iii...

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A I,c,d III Cultural 'lksourres E\'aiualioll of Powel1crh (USA) Illcorporalcd's Proposed Dewey-Burdock Ur;Ulilllll pJ'(~ic("1 Locality wilhill Ihe SOlllhcl1I

Black Hills. Cllslcr ;uHI Fall Hi\'el' COllllties. Solllh ))akot'l

Figure 6.91. Overview of site 39FA1862, facing northwest.

Table 6.19. Artifacts Observed at Site 39FA 1862.

Artifact Type Material Colors: Comments

Primary flake Chalcedony White, gray Primary flake Chert Purple Secondary flake Chert Purple Secondary flake Quartzite Brown Retouched Terti aryfl ake Chert Purple Tertiary flake Chalcedony White Reduction flake Quartzite Gray, brown Biface Chert Purple Transverse scraper Chalcedony Light gray Core Chalcedony Gray, white Two expended Core Chert Purple Expended Tested cobble Chalcedony Gray Shatter Chalcedony Gray, white

Four cairn features (Cairns 1-4) were observed and documented at site 39FA1862 (Figure 6.92). Each of these features is constmcted from locally derived cobbles of varying sizes, shapes, and material-type compositions. These features were all observed atop one of the ridge promontories at the site. It was not possible to determine the extent to which these features remain intact.

Cairn 1 is slightly ovoid in shape, measuring approximately 75 cm in length by 57 cm in width (Figure 6.93). This feature is located atop the southernmost promontory of the site approximately 3.75 m (12.30 ft) southwest of Cairn 2 (Figure 6.94, see Figure 6.92).

Al'chcolob'Y Laboratory. AlIgllsl;Ula College G.92

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Cairn 1 ., ~.

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Figure 6.92. Plan view of the southernmost p0l1ion of site 39F A 1862, exhibit ing Cairns I and 2 and associated artifact malerial.

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A Level III Clllllu-;t1 Resources Evaillatioll of POWt.~I1,,-,ch (USA) Illcorporalcd"s Proposed Dewey-Burdock Ur:U1illlll Prqjcct Locality wit hill the SotllhcllI

Black I-fills. CusicI' ;ul(l Fall Rin~r CotlllliL's. SOllth Dakota

Figure 6.93. Close-up of Cairn I, site 39F A 1862.

Cairn 2 is ovoid in shape, measuring approximately 1.5 m in length by .5 m in width (Figure 6.94). This feature is located atop the southernmost promontory of the site approximately 3.75 m northeast of Cairn 1 (see Figure 6.92).

Figure 6.94. Close-up of Cairn 2, site 39FA1862.

Archeology I .. ahoratorr~ AUgllst;Ul:l College 6.94

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A I..cycI III Cullura} Resources EYa.lualioll of Powel1ech (USA) Illcorporaled's Proposed Dewcy-Burdock Ur;miulll Pr~icci LocalilY wilhin Ihe SOlltheI1l

Black Hills, Cusler ;md Fall RiYcr COllllties. South Dakola

Cairn 3 is a circular feature measuring approximately 1.1 m in diameter (Figure 6.95). This feature rests atop a promontory in the center of the site approximately 195 m north of Cairns 1 and 2 (see Figure 6.90).

Figure 6.95. Close-up of Cairn 3, site 39FA1862.

Cairn 4 is a small, ovoid feature measuring approximately 1 m in length by 60 cm in width (Figure 6.96). This feature is located atop the northernmost promontory of the site approximately 280 m north of Cairn 3 (see Figure 6.90).

Figure 6.96. Close-up of Cairn 4, site 39FAI862.

Ardlcol0.6'Y Lahoralory, All.6'11S1;Ula Collegc G.!)o'J

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A l..c"cl III Cultural Resourcl's E"alllalioll of PO\\T11l'ch (USA) Incorporall'd's Proposed Dewey-Burdock Lir;miulIl Pn~jecl l..ocalilr "i1l1ill Ihe SotllhCIll

Black Hills. CuSIl'1' ;u)(1 Fall Hi\'er COlllllies. Sottlh Dakola

Three stone circle features (Stone Circles 1-3) were observed and documented at site 39F A 1862. Similar to the cobbles used in the construction of the cairns at the site, those comprising the stone circles appear to be of varying sizes, shapes, and material-types derived from the immediate site vicinity or nearby landscape. Also similar to the cairns identified, each of the stone circle features was documented atop one of the ridge promontories at the site.

Stone Circle 1 is slightly elliptical in shape, measuring approximately 5.75 m in length by 5.0 m in width (Figures 6.97 and 6.98). Nineteen visible cobbles were documented in association with this feature. This feature is located atop a promontory in the southern portion of the site approximately 30 m northwest of Stone Circle 2 and 95 m north of Cairns 1 and 2 (see Figure 6.90).

Figure 6.97. View of Stone Circle 1, site 39FA1862.

Arclll'ology I.ahoralory. Allgllsl;ula College 6.96 ~1 arch. 200H

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Stone Circle 1

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39FA1862

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A l.c\d III Cultllr;ll Resources Evaluatioll 01' Powclkch (USA) Illcorporated's l)roPOSl'd Dcwcy-Bllnlock Ur:ulilllll Pn~jcrt I.orality "itllill tile SOIllllcm

Black Hills. ClISlcr awl Fall Hi"l~r COlllllics, SOlllh Dakota

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Stone Circle

Figure 6.98. Plan view of Stone Circle 1, site 39FA1862.

ArciIcoJoh'Y Laboratory~ Augllst:U1a College (;.97 March.200H

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A LA'.wl III Cultural HcsouH'cs Evaluation of PowcI1cch (USA) Illcorporated's l>ro)osC() Dc",c)'-I~lmJock lir;ulilllil Prqjcct Localit)" witllin thc SOl1t1lC1l1

Black Hills. Custcr ;Uld Fall Hivcr Coullties. South Dakota

Stone Circle 2 is largely circular in shape, measuring approximately 3.3 m in diameter (Figures 6.99 and 6.100). Fifteen visible cobbles were documented in association with this feature. It is located atop a promontory in the southern portion of the site approximately 30 m southeast of Stone Circle 1 and 85 m (278.87 ft) northeast of Cairns 1 and 2 (see Figure 6.90).

Figure 6.99. View of Stone Circle 2, site 39F A1862.

Ardlcology l .. alloralory) Allb'1ISI;Ula Collcgc 6.<JH ~l,uTh. 2008

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39FA1862

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Stone Circle

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Figure 6. 100. Plan view of Stone Ci rcle 2, site 39F A 1862.

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A Lc\"c! III Cultllral Rcsourccs Evalualion of Powcl1cch (USA) Illcorporalcd's Proposed Dcwcy~B\lrdock lIr;UlitllIl Pn~jeci LocalilY wilitill the SOlltliel1l

Black Hills. Cusler ;md Fall Rivcr COllllties. SOllth Dakota

Stone Circle 3 is largely circular in shape, measuring approximately 6.0 m in diameter (Figures 6.101 and 6.102). Twenty-six visible cobbles were documented in association with this feature. It is located atop the northernmost promontory of the site approximately 19 m southeast of Cairn 4 and 375 m (1,230.31 ft) north-northwest of Stone Circles 1 and 2 (see Figure 6.90).

Figure 6.101. View of Stone Circle 3, site 39FA1862.

Archeology Lahoratory) AtI,b'llstim<l College (i. 100

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Stone Circle 3

39FA1862

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A Level III Cultural Heso\ll"('(.'s Evaillation of PO\\'eI1ech (USA) Incorporated's Proposed Dc\\'cy.Bnnlock Ur::miulll Project Locality "iLhin lite SOllthelll

Black Hills. Custer :Uid Fall Hivcr COlilltics. SOlllh Dakot:l

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Figure 6.102. Plan view of Stone Circle 3, site 39FA1862.

Archeology I ,ahoralorr, AUg'lIstalla College (dOl

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A Le"e1 III Cllllllra] Rcsources E\,a]lIatioll of Powel1ech (USA) Incorporated's Proposed Dcwcy-Burdock Ur;millill Project Locality n;lhill thc Solllhclll

Black Hills, CusIcI' ;md Fall Ri\·cr COlilltics. SOllth Dakota

6.15.3 Interpretation and Recommendations

Hundreds of cairn and stone circle features have been documented within the Black Hills Archaeological Region to date, and a review of the state archeological site database in 1996 revealed that the CO-OCCUlTence of these features within the same site area was not uncommon (Wolf 1996: 3 f-l). Also addressed in this study, however, was the degree of variability inherent in the dimensions, morphology, and documented function of these features throughout the study unit (Wolf 1996:3f-l). It is precisely this degree of variability that creates difficulties in the interpretation of sites such as these, particularly prior to any form of evaluative testing or excavation of such features.

The light, diffuse scatter of lithic material across a large, exposed upland area is indicative of an ephemeral human presence at this site. This supposition is further corroborated by the paucity of artifacts, as well as cultural and natural features, that would typically indicate a pennanent or semi-permanent settlement or encampment, such as: fresh water in the immediate vicinity; hearths; lodge depressions; ceramics; food processing tools such as manos and metates; and cache pits.

The function of the four cairns remains to be detennined. Historic and ethnographic documentation of aboriginal cairns in the Black Hills has indicated that these monuments served various roles, including: resource area marker, landmarks, trail markers, camp markers, burial markers, cache markers, ceremonial/spiritual area markers (Wolf 1996:3f-25), and drive line components (Brink and Rollans 1990: 153). Cairns 1, 3, and 4 are not large enough to accommodate the mortuary remains of an adult human - only the remains of an infant or very small juvenile could have been placed beneath these features. Cairn 2 is possibly long enough to accommodate the mortuary remains of a short adult human; however, it is not wide enough to accommodate the remains of an adult human in a flexed position.

It should be noted that the construction of such features is not solely a hallmark indicative of aboriginal inhabitants. Modern-day hikers have been known to construct cairns as trail markers, and Frison (1991:363) cites research on current sheepherders who constructed a multitude of stone features, such as cairns and walls, simply as a means of passing time. Ethnographic evidence recently obtained from Wind Springs Ranch, north of Scottsbluff in western Nebraska, confirms that sheepherders were constructing comparable stone features under similar circumstances further south on the Plains (David Hushson, Wind Springs Ranch owner, personal communication 2008).

The function of the three stone circles has also not been ascertained. Despite the abundance of such features throughout the Northern Plains, the interpretation of their function has been a subject of continuing debate among archeologists (Brasser 1982; Davis 1983; Frison 1983; Kehoe 1960; Keyser 1979; Malouf 1961). The historic and ethnographic records indicate that stone circles served a variety of functions for aboriginal culture groups in the area, including: weights to hold down covers and/or liners of tip is (Adams 1983; Brasser 1982; Frison 1983; Kehoe 1958, 1960; Quigg and Brumley 1984); weights for other structures such as children's play tipis (Kehoe 1960); and as constructs (or components) of religious or ceremonial significance, such as war lodges (Conner and Halverson 1969), fasting shelters (Kehoe

Archco]o/:,')' Lahoratory, Augllst;ma College 6.\02

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A 1.c,'C! III Cultural Resources E,'aluation or Po\\'cl1cch (USA) Incorporatcd\ Proposed Dem"'T~BlIrd~ck Ur:Ulilllll Pn~jet'l Locality within the SOlllhclll

Black Hills. Custcr ;uJ(i Fall Hi,'cr Cotllltics. South Dakota

1960), sweat lodges (Laubin and Laubin 1989), medicine tipis (Wolf 1996:3f-18), or menstruation huts (Wolf 1996).

The NRHP eligibility status of site 39FA1862 is considered under Criterion D of the NRHP, that is, having yielded, or having the potential to yield, information impOltant in prehistory or history (NPS 1991:37). The NRHP eligibility status of the site could not be definitively ascertained within the scope of the CUlTent investigation. The function of the cairns and stone circles at this site, and any potential intelTelationships, is cUlTently unclear. ALAC recommends that this site be considered unevaluated in terms of its eligibility status for listing on the NRHP. Additional evaluation is recommended for site 39F A 1862.

6.16 SITE 39FA1863

Site Number: 39FA1863 Site Name: N/A Site Type: Artifact Scatter, Cairn, Stone Circle, Alignment Cultural Affiliation: Native Arrierican Site Area: 1.27 ha Landscape Position: Ridge Top

6.16.1 Site Description

Field Number: 4-118 Elevation (in m): 1,146 Site Condition: Disturbed Subsurface Testing: NI A Appendix D Map Reference: D-2 NRHP Recommendation: Unevaluated

Site 39FA1863 consists of a Native American artifact scatter with an associated stone circle, cairn, and stone alignment. The site is situated atop the same upland landform as site 39FA1862, but is located on a separate finger ridge approximately 274.32 m to the east of that site (Figures 6.103 and 6.104). The site measures approximately 225 m N-S x 154 m EW. At the time of the CUlTent investigation, the site area was sparsely vegetated in short grass pasture that afforded approximately 50 percent ground surface visibility. The presence of significant gravels across the ridge top and the exposed nature of the site area indicate a substantial degree of landform deflation by means of wind and water erosion.

Archeology l..abol'atolTJ AlIt.:waan:l College 6.103 ~lar('h. 200H

SUNSI – Withheld from Public Disclosure in Accordance

with 10 C.F.R. § 2.390

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A Le"el III Cultural Resources Evaluatioll of POWC11cch (USA) Illcorporatcd's Proposed Dewey-Hunlock Ur:Uliluli Prqjcct I..ocaJity"ithill the SOlllhclll

Black Hills. CUSICI' ;Uld Fall HiveI' Coullties. South Dakota

Figure 6.104. Overview of site 39FA1863, facing south-southeast.

Artifact and Feature Inventory

Artifacts documented from site 39FA1863 are listed in Table 6.20. No artifacts were collected from the site during the current investigation. All cultural material from this site was documented surficially.

Table 6.20. Artifacts Observed at Site 39FA1863.

Number Artifact Type Material Colors Comments <

1 Secondary flake Spearfish fonnation Red-gray

chert 1 Tertiary flake QUaJizite Brown 3 Tertiary flake Chalcedony White 1 Tertiary flake Chert Yellowish brown 1 Flake Chalcedony Brown Retouched 1 Core Quartzite Brown Expended 1 Core Chalcedony Medium gray Expended 1 Tested pebble Chalcedony White 1 Tested pebble Chert Purple Utilized

One cairn feature (Cairn 1) was observed and documented at site 39FA1863. This feature is constructed from locally-derived cobbles of varying sizes, shapes, and material-type compositions. The feature was observed on the ridge top within the southern portion of the site approximately 6.5 m southeast of the stone circle feature (Figure 6.105) and 55 m northwest of the alignment feature (see Figure 6.103). It was not possible to determine the extent to which this feature remains intact. The small cairn is semi-circular in shape, measuring approximately .35 m (1.15 ft) in diameter.

Archeology Laboratory, Augllsl;Ula College 6J05 M;uTIi.2008

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Legend


Stone CirdelAlignment

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39FA1863

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Figure 6.105. Plan view of the calm, stone circle, and assoc iated artifact material, site 39FA1863.

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A I.c\·d III ClIl1lIraJ HcsolIl'ccs E\';Liliatioll of Po,,"cl1cch (USA) Incorporated's I>roposeci Dewey-Burdock Ur;UliulIl Prqject I.ocalitywithillthe Southern

Black Hills, CUSiCI' ;U1d Fall HiveI' COlllltics, South Dakota

One stone circle feature (Stone Circle 1) was observed and documented at site 39F A1863. Similar to the cobbles used in the construction of Cairn I, those comprising the stone circle appear to be of varying sizes, shapes, and material-types derived from the immediate site vicinity or nearby landscape. The feature is located approximately 6.5 m nOlthwest of Cairn 1 (see Figure 6.105). Stone Circle 1 is primarily circular in shape, measuring approximately 3.5 m in diameter. Nine visible cobbles were documented in association with this feature; however, two of these cobbles were displaced approximately 2-3 m to the southwest of the remaining cobbles. It was not possible to determine the extent to which this feature remains intact.

One stone alignment feature (Alignment 1) was observed and documented at site 39FA1863 (Figure 6.106). This feature is constructed from locally-derived large cobbles/small boulders of varying material-type compositions. Five visible boulders were documented in association with this feature, and it measures approximately 2.64 m in length. The feature was observed on the ridge top in the southernmost portion of the site, oriented approximately 40 degrees off north. The feature is located approximately 55 m southeast of Cairn 1 and Stone Circle 1 (see Figure 6.103). It was not possible to determine the extent to which this feature remains intact; however, the relatively short length of this feature, coupled with its position along the edge of the ridge top/slope, suggests that it no longer possesses the full complement of its components.

Figure 6.106. View of Alignment 1, site 39FA1863.

Archeology Lahoratorr, Aug'lIs!;Ula College G.I07 M;UTh,200H

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A I..c\'d III Cuitllral RCSOIUTCS E\'allla.tioll OfPOWCl1cch (USA) Incorporatcd's Proposed Dcwcy-Burdock lJr;milllll Pn~ic('t I,ocalily"~thilllhc Southcrn

Black Hills. Cuslcr ;md Fall Ri\'cr COllntics, South Dakota


Hundreds of cairn, stone circle, and stone alignment features have been documented within the Black Hills Archaeological Region.to date, and a review of the state archeological site database in 1996 revealed that the co-occurrence of these features within the same site area has been documented at two separate sites (48WE389 and 48WE691) in the Wyoming Black Hills (Wolf 1996:3f-20-3f-21). Also addressed in this study, however, was the degree of variability inherent in the dimensions, morphology, and documented function of these features throughout the study unit (Wolf 1996:3f-l). It is precisely this degree of variability that creates difficulties in the interpretation of sites such as these, particularly prior to any form of evaluative testing or excavation of such features.

The light, diffuse scatter of lithic material across a large, exposed upland area is indicative of an ephemeral human presence at this site. This supposition is further corroborated by the paucity of artifacts, as well as cultural and natural features, that would typically indicate a permanent or semi-permanent settlement or encampment, such as: fresh water in the immediate vicinity; hearths; lodge depressions; ceramics; food processing tools such as manos and metates; and cache pits.

The function of Cairn 1 remains to be determined. Historic and ethnographic documentation of aboriginal cairns in the Black Hills has indicated that these monuments served various roles, including: resource area markers, landmarks, trail markers, camp markers, burial markers, cache markers, ceremonial/spiritual area markers (Wolf 1996:3f-25), and drive line components (Brink and Rollans 1990: 153). Cairn 1 is not large enough to accommodate the mortuary remains of an adult human - only the remains of an infant or very small juvenile could have been placed beneath this feature. Large numbers of smaller-sized cairns (approximately 50-70 cm in height) have been documented historically and ethnographically as components of drive lines (Brink and Rollans 1990: 153); however, the single cairn identified at site 39F A1863 is problematic for this particular line of interpretation.

It should be noted that the construction of such features is not solely a hallmark indicative of aboriginal inhabitants. Modem-day hikers have been known to construct cairns as trail markers, and Frison (1991:363) cites research on current sheepherders, who constructed a multitude of stone features, such as cairns and walls, simply as a means of passing time. Ethnographic evidence recently obtained from Wind Springs Ranch, north of Scottsbluff in western Nebraska, confirms that sheepherders were constructing comparable stone features under similar circumstances further south on the Plains (David Hushson, Wind Springs Ranch owner, personal communication 2008).

The function of Stone Circle 1 has not been ascertained. Despite the abundance of such features throughout the Northern Plains, the interpretation of their function has been a subject of continuing debate among archeologists (Brasser 1982; Davis 1983; Frison 1983; Kehoe 1960; Keyser 1979; Malouf 1961). The historic and ethnographic records indicate that stone circles served a variety of functions for aboriginal culture groups in the area, including: weights to hold down covers and/or liners of tip is (Adams 1983; Brasser 1982; Frison 1983; Kehoe 1958, 1960; Quigg and Brumley 1984); weights for other structures such as children's play tipis (Kehoe 1960); and as constructs (or components) of religious or ceremonial significance, such as war lodges (Conner and Halverson 1969), fasting shelters (Kehoe

Archeolog), Laboratory! Augl1stal1a Collcgt~ ii,108 ~1arch, 200R

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A Lc"el III Cultural Rcsources E"aluation of Powel1cch (USA) Ilicorporatcd's Proposed Dewey-Burdock Ur:UliulIl Pr~jcct Locality within thc Southclll

Black Hills. Custt.·r .md Fall Rinor CouIlties. SOHth Dakota

1960), sweat lodges (Laubin and Laubin 1989), medicine tipis (Wolf 1996:3f-18), or menstruation huts (Wolf 1996).

The function of Alignment 1 has not been ascertained. Stone features arranged in linear or geometric configurations and composed of single rocks or multiple cairns are identified as alignments. Drive lines, medicine wheels, petro forms, and effigy figures comprise the various alignment types documented archeologically in the Northern Plains (Wolf 1996:3f-26). Although documented throughout the Northern Plains, almost no medicine wheels or effigy figures have been recorded in the Black Hills Study Unit (Wolf 1996:3f-26). Drive lines or fence complexes associated with bison jump or pound localities are more prevalent in the Black Hills. Alignments interpreted as this type are documented at five sites in the study unit: 39CU2; 39CU3; 39CU823; 48WE389; and 48WE691 (Wolf 1996:3f-9). The relatively short length and height of Alignment 1 is not consistent with similar features associated with larger drive line sites; however, Wolf (1996:3f-26) has posited that other small alignments such as this may still have been utilized for concealment during hunting activities.

The NRHP eligibility status of site 39FA1863 is considered under Criterion D of the NRHP, that is, having yielded, or having the potential to yield, information important in prehistory or history (NPS 1991 :37). The NRHP eligibility status of the site could not be definitively ascertained within the scope of the current investigation; The landform on which the site is located has deflated to gravel exposures across the majority of the ridge, thereby precluding the possibility of any buried cultural components or horizons being preserved within the site. However, the function of the cairn, stone circle, and alignment, as well as any potential interrelationships, is currently unclear. ALAC recommends that this site be considered unevaluated in terms of its eligibility status for listing on the NRHP. Additional evaluation is recommended for site 39FA1863.

6.17 SITE 39FA1864

Site Number: 39FA1864 Site Name: N/A Site Type: Artifact Scatter Cultural Affiliation: Native American Site Area: .001 ha Landscape Position: Rolling Plain


Field Number: 4-98 Elevation (in m): 1,115 Site Condition: Disturbed Subsurface Testing: N/A Appendix D Map Reference: D-2 NRHP Recommendation: Unevaluated

Site 39FA1864 is a Native American artifact scatter situated on a low, alluvial feature approximately 214 m northwest of an unnamed intermittent drainage (Figures 6.107 and 6.108). Additionally, two old, dry drainages run immediately to the north and south of the site area. The site measures 1 m 2. At the time of the current investigation, the site area was in mixed grass pasture interspersed with sagebrush. The vegetation afforded ground surface visibility of approximately 45 percent.

Archeolo!"y Lahoratory, Augllst;Ula College (i,109 March,2008

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Biface

• Archeology Laboratory, Augllst:U1a College

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1\ Le"eI III Cultural Rcsotlrccs Evaluation of POWCI1,,-'ch (USA) Incorporated's Proposed Dewey-Bunlock Ur:Ulilllll Prqjccl LocaJilywilllinlhc SOlltiIclll

Black Hills. Custcr ;md Fall River Counties, Smith Dakota

39FA1864

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Figure 6.107. Plan view of site 39FA1864.

6.110 ~1;U"!·h. 2008

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A L.c\'clIII CllhllralResollrccs E\'alliatioll of POWCl1t'ch (USA) hKorporatcd's Propost'd Dewey-Burdock Ur;milllll P)"(~ject Locality "ithill the SOlllhclll

Black I-lills, Custer ;md Fall Ri\'er COllntics, SOllth Dakota

Figure 6.108. Overview of site 39F A 1864, facing n0l1heast.

6.17.2 Artifact and Feature Inventory

Artifacts documented at site 39FA1864 include one banded gray che11 secondary flake and one light pinkish gray chert biface. No artifacts were collected from site 39FA1864 during the current investigation. Both artifacts were documented surficially. No features were identified on this site.

'6.17.3 Interpretation and Recommendations

Site 39FA1864 represents a Native American at1ifact scatter. The position of the site on an intact alluvial landform indicates a possibility that additional portions of the site may yet remain in an undisturbed, subsurface context.

The NRHP eligibility status of site 39FA1864 is considered under Criterion D of the NRHP, that is, having yielded, or having the potential to yield, information important in prehistory or history (NPS 1991:37). The NRHP eligibility status of site 39F A 1864 could not be definitively ascertained within the scope of the cun'ent investigation. ALAC recommends additional evaluation of this site.

6.18 SITE 39FA1865

Site Number: 39F A 1865 Site Name: N/A Site Type: Artifact Scatter Cultural Affiliation: Native American Site Area: .34 ha Landscape Position: Alluvial Fan

Arcllcology I . .ab()rat()rr~ Al1g1ls1ana Colleg;e 1i,II1

Field Number: 4-99 Elevation (in m): 1,121 Site Condition: Disturbed Subsurface Testing: NI A Appendix D Map Reference: D-I NRHP Recommendation: Not Eligible

M;u'Ch.200H

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6.1 8.1 Site Description

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Site 39F A 1865 is a at ive American art ifact scatter situated in the bottom of a shallow drainage approxi mately 425 III west of the right bank of Pass Creek (Figures 6. 1 09 and 6. 11 0) . The site measures approximately 82 m N-S x 59 m E-W. The immediate site area is littered wi lh exposed gravels and boulders. and is virtually devoid of an intact soil. indicating that the site area has been subjected 10 heavy sheet wash erosion. At the ti me of the current investiga tion. a paucity of vegetalive cover in the sile area afTorded ground surface visib ility of 60 percent.

Figure 6.109. Overview of site 39F A 1865. facing west.

\1,I"uI, .... ~ 1.,1,",,,,",. \".""."".( ',~I, ... ,· h.1 12 \l ."h.};<"~

•

•

•

,\ [..,,-,.[ [[ [ (""Io, u"[ II,·,.." .... ..,. .:,,.["'" ~~ , of ['",,..,,,·<h (1 ·S.,\J h ~·"'l~~:tI'· ,[ .,

l'r ... r",,,,~ 1 n'~'-'1 -J hu..s,,..l (· ... "i,"" (~ -'ri<" 1 ..,...,.J~) ";,h'" II ... . ~u"t1 "' ''' I \I"" ~ I liu.. C,,"'~ :tIMJ .·all KiI.·, Com""· •. s.:~"h ll.t.."",

Legend

• o

Biface

Prehistoric Artifact o

• o

o

o

39FA1865

o

00 o 0

o

o

• •

o

o

00

o

o

O;. ...... ~12E·=5======~25 ................ .;5.0 _ Meters

Figure 6.11 0. Plan view of site 39F A 1865.

(i. 1 1.~

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•

•

6.18.2 AI'tifact and Fcature Invcntory

.\ I"wl ill I '"h,",,) lk><~II" " 1 ., ·..J""'''m'~ I'",,,",,,", 10 II ·~ . \I I '" ·""I '~,",·,I\

1''''1"' '''',1 I),'''''', ·n""l ... ·~ (', .,,,,, .,, I ~'",·, · , I ,,~ .,1,,) ""I"" ' I ~' ~,.,01 ~·,,, II~~ '~ I ioU,. I '",.., " .... I I .," lt'w' I ',,,,, ,,,,·,. "," ,, 10 1);,10,,, ..

Arti facts documented at site 39F A 1865 are li sted in Table 6.21. One biface 1001 was co llected from the site for addi tional analysis.

Table 6.21. Artifacts Observed at Site 39F A 1865 .

, • Typ. , I Co'o" , , ' M, Chert I B,,,d, d ",,,:bco,,,"-I "" ,

0",

, i ~

, , ' n,k,

I J ' M, Ch'rt P""",. I ' 0", i , , I

I 5 T' rti,,>, nak, Ch'rt I ~""",. b,o",a. wh", -I b,o;,'a. ' , ' n,ke Li,hl ,my. whilC , i B,owa

Chert D"k bco,,'" , I Bif"" , , Piak , ",d , I Bif,,, n"rt p,,, , ""'0, , I Bif,,, Ch,rt p,,,,,, , I CO" , , , bcowa , Tw,d oobb', i ,.,,, , ISh,,,,, Li,hl.,,,

One complete, pointed biface (cata log number 4-99-1) was collected from the surface of site 39F A 1865 during the current invest igation (Figure 6. 111 ). The spec imen measures 43.5 mm long, 28.5 mm wide. and 9.6 mm thick. The biface is produced on an unidentified. p<l le redpurp le chert that may have been heat-treated.

Figure 6.111. View of pointed biface (catalog number 4-99-1) coll ected from si te 39F A 1865.

(dll \I. .. ,I,.~~~

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:\ I.c\'c1I1I Cuilura.l Resources E\'.tiualioll of Po\\'cl1cch (USA) Ilicorporatc:d's Proposc:d newl~y-Bllrdo('k Ur,millJll Project I.oc;tiitr n;tilill the SOlllilelli

Black Hills. Custcr ;md Fall Ri,'CI" COlUuies. S011th Dakota


Site 39FA1865 represents a Native American artifact scatter. The position of the site in the bottom of a drainageway leaves it continually subjected to sheet wash erosion. This has resulted in deflation of the site to exposed gravels.

The NRHP eligibility status of site 39FA1865 is considered under Criterion D of the NRHP, that is, having yielded, or having the potential to yield, information important in prehistory or history (NPS 1991 :37). The site lacks diagnostic or datable materials and cannot he evaluated in a specific historic context. The integrity of the site has been compromised by sheet wash erosion, and those materials documented within the drainageway were most certainly redeposited there as a result of this erosive process. The deflated nature of the drainage in which the site is located indicates no potential for buried, intact cultural material or features. This suggests that the site does not possess the potential to yield datasets capable of addressing specific research questions that would further our collective understanding of prehistoric cultures in the area. Site 39F A1865 does not satisfy the specifications set forth in Criterion D of the NRHP (NPS 1991:37). ALAC recommends that this site be considered not eligible for listing on the NRHP. No further work is recommended.

Archeology L1.horatory~ AUf,'11st;ma College 6.115 M:u'('h.200H

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6.19 SITE 39F A1868

Site Number: 39FA1868 Site Name: N/A Site Type: Isolated Find Cultural Affiliation: Native American Site Area: .04 ha Landscape Position: Ridge Base


A Lcyd III ClIhlll'a1 HCSOlllTl'S Eya.lnatioll of Pmrcl1cch (USA) Illcorporated's Proposed Dewey-Burdock lJr;UliullI Pn~iccl Locality "ithin the SOllthelll

Black Hills. Custcr ;Ulel Fall Rivcr COlLlItics. South Dakota

Field Number: 1-144 Elevation (in m): 1,170 Site Condition: Disturbed Subsurface Testing: N/A Appendix D Map Reference: D-2 NRHP Recommendation: Not Eligible

Site 39F A1868 (Figures 6.112 and 6.113) is a Native American isolated find locale measuring approximately 20 m N-S x 20 m E-W. The site is situated at the base of an upland ridge at the edge of a sparse conifer forest with short grass pasture and sagebrush ground cover. Some bedrock exposures were noted in a deflated colluvial soil deposit. Visibility in the site area averages 50 percent.


A teltiary flake, a bifacially retouched tertiary flake, and a biface were observed at the site. Table 6.22 details the mtifacts identified at the site. No artifacts were collected. No features, additional artifacts, or datable diagnostic materials were observed.

, Figure 6.ll2. Overview of site 39FA1868, facing east.

Archeoloh'Y Laboratory, AII.b'1lst;Ula College (i. I ](i M;UTh.2008

,\ I ,'wi lli C .. II,,,ooJ lk"H" '-<> E" d, ... ~~, ,,( 1'",,.,.,,,,'10 (\ 'S,\l l"roo-l" ....... ,·,i", I ~"'I"".',I 1),,"' ,·)·II""lo<~ I ..... ~,." 1~ '<>jI'" I ,~-ali'r "iol,;', ,I.,. s.,.~I,,'n'

nl;M-~ 1 lill .. (),~,., . ", . 1 f >ll Hi ... , C<>m~;",. Sao,,!, I);d.;, (~.

•

•

• 39FA1868

•

Legend

• Biface

Prehistoric Artifact • o 10 20 40

---";~'i==::i-------Meters

Figure 6.113 . Plan view of site 39FA 1868.

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A Level III Cuhural Hesolll"ccS Evaluation of POWC11cch (USA) Incorporated's Proposed Dcwcy-Burdock Ur;UlilUll Project Locality within thc SOlllhclll

Black Hills. Custcr ;Uld Fall Ri\'cr COllntics. South Dakota·

Table 6.22. Artifacts Observed at Site 39F A 1868.

Number Artifact Type Material Colors Comments

1 Tertiary flake Quartzite White 1 Biface Unknown Tannish pink Retouched tertiary flake 1 Biface Quartzite Light gray brown


Site 39FA1868 represents a Native American isolated find. The position of the site on an exposed landform leaves it continually subjected to wind and water erosion, resulting in numerous bedrock exposures.

The NRHP eligibility status of site 39F A 1868 is considered under Criterion D of the NRHP, that is, having yielded, or having the potential to yield, infOlmation important in prehistory or history (NPS 1991 :37). The site lacks diagnostic or datable materials and cannot be evaluated in a specific historic context. The integrity of the site has been compromised by wind and water erosion. The severe erosion of the landform on which the site is located indicates no potential for buried, intact cultural material or features. This suggests that the site does not possess the potential to yield datasets capable of addressing specific research questions that would further our collective understanding of prehistoric cultures in the area. Site 39F A1868 does not satisfy the specifications set fOlth in Criterion D of the NRHP (NPS 1991:37). ALAC recommends that this site be considered not eligible for listing on the NRHP. No further work is recommended.

6.20 SITE 39FA1869

Site Number: 39F A 1869 Site Name: N/A Site Type: Artifact Scatter Cultural Affiliation: Native American Site Area: .11 ha Landscape Position: Ridge Crest


Field Number: 1-145 Elevation (m): 1,167 Site Condition: Disturbed Subsurface Testing: NI A Appendix D Map Reference: D-2 NRHP Recommendation: Unevaluated

Site 39F A 1869 (Figures 6.114 and 6.115) is a sparse prehistoric lithic scatter measuring 83 m N-S x 14 m E-W. This site is situated on a level ridge crest at the edge of a sparse conifer forest in a short grass pasture with intrusive sagebrush. Visibility in the site area ranges from 30-40 percent. Some gravel and cobble exposures were noted in partially eroded aeolian topsoil.


A projectile point fragment, tertiary flakes, a retouched flake, a biface, and shatter were observed at the site. Table 6.23 details the artifacts identified at the site. The projectile point fragment was collected and is described below.

Al'ciIcoloh,}· Laboratorr~ Aug1.1st;ula Collcge (;.IIH March. 2008

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• o 5 10 20 __ ==-___ Mete

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,\ I ~~d III C"lIou..) ){O><><u,-,·, ~:" .. h","kH' o( l'<m~'n,',-h (\ 'SM 1, ."OfI.,.. ... ·'I", L~"I IO><" l)cw"l.lhu<lo<-ll · .... ,j,." J\ O;I<" 1.0""lio) nid,j" I)", _~.,."l",no

lIt.<llhlL •. C,,"'" ",.1 fall ){,w<C<Hu"ic •. So,,,), I).-.}..,."

39FA1869

• • •

• Legend

• Biface

• Prehistoric Artifact Projectile Point

Figure 6. 114. Plan view of site 39FA 1869.

(;.119

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Number

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A I..cycl III Cllllura] Resources E,'alll:tlioll of PO\\'C11cch (USA) Incorporated's Proposed Dewey-Burdock Ur:Ulilllll Project Locality "itllill the SOllliIcl1I

Black Hills. CUSiCI' :UJd Fall River C01lllties. SOluh Dakota

Figure 6.115. Overview of site 39F A1869, facing northeast.


Artifact Type Material Colors Comments

Tertiary flake Cheli Purple Tertiary flake Quartzite Purple, light tan gray One retouched Tertiary flake Chalcedony White

Projectile point Quartzite Medium gray Tip missing; collected; catalog #1-145-1

Biface Chalcedony Unknown Retouched tertiary flake Shatter Chalcedony White

A broken projectile point (catalog number 1-145-1; Figure 6.116) was collected during the site 39FA1869 investigation. The tip of the blade is broken; the remaining length is 28.0 mrn. The point is 21.3 mm wide and 5.2 mm thick. It is manufactured from a coarse-grained medium gray quartzite. The point is an unnotched form with excurvate blade margins and a slightly concave basal margin. The overall form is similar to several poorly defined types such as "DeLong" and "Lapins Lanceolate" (Bowe 1999:34-35) that are associated with either late Pa1eoindian or Early Archaic components on the Northern Plains (ca. 8,500-7,000 B.P.).

ArchcolobF)' I.ahoralory, AUgllSl:Ul:l College 6.120 ~1<U'l·h. 200R

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\ I .~d III ( ·"~i" .d K .. ",~u ·, " " 1.,.d","" ,,' , ~ I',""·,,,·, to 11 ~.\J 1>" v, In"" .. r" 1''''1"''' ',1 1)"""1.11",,1," L I "d"'"'' I~ '>p.'" I," .JU) ""I"" ,I,,· ,,,,,,IK""

III", L I (,II, .l",,~~, ,u,,1 ~.d( ",,,., l',~""" .•. ,,"ul, n.,L,""

Figure 6.116. 39FA 1869.

View of projectile point (catalog number 1-145-1 ) co llected from site

6.20.3 Interpretation a nd Recommendations

Si te 39F A 1869 represents a Nati ve American artifact scatter. The position o f the sit e on an exposed landform leaves it continually subjected to wind and water erosion. There appears. however. to be some intact topsoil wit hin the site area. This suggests a potential for intact subsurface cultural materia ls.

The NRHP elig ibility status of site 39FAJ869 is considered under Criterion D o r the NRHP, that is. ha ving yielded. or having the potential to yield, informati on important in prehistory or hi story (N PS 1991 :37). The NRH P eligibili ty status of si te 39FA 1869 could not be definitively detennined wi thi n the seope of the CUlTcnt invest igation. ALAe recommends addit ional subsurface eva luation of this si te.

6.2 1 SITE 39FA 1870

Sil(' Nl1mb(' r : 39FA 1 R70 Sil(' Nam(': N/A Sil(' Typ(': Anifact Scatter C l1tlurat Affi lial ion: Native American Sil(' Ar('a: .08 ha Lalld scap(' I'osilion: Allu\·ial Fan

6.21.1 Si te Description

"-i('td Number: 1-1·\7 [ te\'ation ( Ill): l.lM Si te Conditiun: Disturbed Subsurface Testing: N/A Appendix D Map Rder('nc(': 0-2 NR IIP R('commelldation: Unevaluated

Site 39FA 1870 (Figures 6.117 and 6. 11 8) is a sparse prehistoric lithic scaner measuring 37 III

N-S x 25 III E-W. This site is situated on a large alluvial fan . Current vegetation consists of mixed grasses and sagebrush. Visibi lity in the site area averages 50 percent.

\1 .. , h. :lI!'X

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N W+E s

Legend

o Scraper


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• 1I 1~"1 III e n" "".1 R<5ou. cu En/".-;"n oIl'"""""..h (USAJ 1"'<"'1""" ... <1',

1"01'0",<1 Ik..-CJ,n"rd""'ll ir. ... i •• " 1>00;<:<1 !.oc;oli'ywilhill the Soo~hcn' ffi;>ck I lilh. emu •• "d hllltn'n Co, •• nc., Soo~h D>kOl.

O~",,"'CO=======2.0 ................ 40 .. ~eters

Figure 6.11 7. Plan view of site 39F A 1870.

('. 1 t'2 M_ h. ZOOII

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6.21.2

A Len:l III Cuhural Resources E\'aluation of Powel1cch (USA) Incorporated's Proposed Dewey-Burdock Ur;Uliulll Prqject Locality within the SOllthclll

Black Hills. Cllsler ;U1d Fa.lI Rin:r COllIlties, SOllth Dakota

Figure 6.118. Overview of site 39FA1870, facing south.

Artifact and Feature Inventory

A primary flake, a secondary flake, two tertiary flakes, and a scraper were observed at the site. Table 6.24 details the artifacts identified at the site. No artifacts were collected.

Table 6.24. Artifacts Observed at Site 39F A 1870.


1 Primary flake Chalcedony Gray Retouched 1 Secondary flake Chalcedony Light gray 2 Tertiary flake Chalcedony Gray 1 Scraper Chert Tan


Site 39F A 1870 represents a Native American artifact scatter. The site is located on·an alluvial fan with intact soil. This suggests that there is potential for intact subsurface cultural deposits.

The NRHP eligibility status of site 39FA1870 is considered under Criterion D of the NRHP, that is, having yielded, or having the potential to yield, infonnation important in prehistory or history (NPS 1991 :37). The NRHP eligibility status of site 39FA1870 could not be

:\rchl~olngy Lahoralory~ AlIgllsl;U1a College ~1:UTh. 2008

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A Lcvel III Cuittu'al Resourccs Evaluatioll of PowcI1cch (USA) Illcorporatcd's Proposeu Dewey-Burdock Uraniulll Project Locality within the Southern

Black Hills, Custer ;md Fall River COllllties, SOlltll Dakota

definitively detennined within the scope of the current investigation. ALAe recommends additional subsurface evaluation of this site.

6.22 SITE 39F A1871

Site Number: 39FA1871 Site Name: N/A Site Type: Isolated Find Cultural Affiliation: Native American Site Area: .001 ha Landscape Position: Ridge Slope


Field Number: 1-160 Elevation (in m): 1,167 Site Condition: Disturbed Subsurface Testing: NI A Appendix D Map Reference: D-2 NRHP Recommendation: Not Eligible

Site 39FA1871 (Figures 6.119 and 6.120) is a Native American isolated find locale measuring 16 m N-S x 17 m E-W. The site is situated on exposed gravel on the scarp of a south-oriented ridge finger. Vegetation in the site vicinity consists of short grass. Visibility in the site area averages 50 percent.

Figure 6.119. Overview of site 39FA1871, facing east.

Ardlcology Lahoratory. AuglistmIa College 6.124 Mm·h.2008

• ~

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S

~

l!l

Legend


i\rdj",~OC>' [.,ho",.OI). 1\" It'L""''' Conel<

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•

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•

• t\ 1.."",1 III C.lI,,,.-.! Il< .o"r<~ • • :'-..1""'0011 of I'ower"·,.], (I 'S,\) ]""O<l'o'''''',j ',

l"''' '~'kd Lk",~)'lJ,"'dn .. k 1 ;,.,."",,, 1'r"l«' 1,.><"Il",.";'h,,, 'he .\,,,,,1>, ",, llI ... k Iloi lo. Cui/," .",j hlllll,",~ ' COl"''' .... s.." "h 1).1<0 ' •

o 5\ 10 \ 20 c Meters , ,

Figure 6. [20. Plan view of site 39F A 1871 .

(;. 125 ~I:o .... h. 'l(KlS

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A [.cn~l III Cultural Rcsourccs E,'alu:ttioll of Powcl1l'ch (USA) Incorporated's Proposed Dewey-Burdock Lir:Uliulll Prqject Locality n;tilill the Soulliclll

Black I-Iills, Custer ;Uld Fall Rin~r COUll tics. SOlllh Dakota

A tertiary flake and a piece of shatter were observed at the site. Table 6.25 details the artifacts identified at the site. No artifacts were collected. No features, additional artifacts, or datable diagnostic materials were observed.



1 Tertiary flake Chalcedony White 1 Shatter Chalcedony Gray


Site 39FA 1871 represents a Native American isolated find. The position of the site on an exposed landform leaves it continually subjected to wind and water erosion. This has resulted in surface exposures of gravels.

The NRHP eligibility status of site 39FA1871 is considered under Criterion D of the NRHP, that is, having yielded, or having the potential to yield, information important in prehistory or history (NPS 1991 :37). The site lacks diagnostic or datable materials and cannot be evaluated in a specific historic context. The integrity of the site has been compromised by erosion. The severe erosion of the landform on which the site is located indicates no potential for intact subsurface cultural deposits or features. This suggests that the site does not possess the potential to yield datasets capable of addressing specific research questions that would further our collective understanding of prehistoric cultures in the area. Site 39F A1871 does not satisfy the specifications set forth in Criterion D of the NRHP (NPS 1991 :37). ALAC recommends that this site be considered not eligible for listing on the NRHP. No further work is recommended.

6.23 SITE 39FA1872

Site Number: 39FA1872 Site Name: N/A Site Type: Isolated Find Cultural Affiliation: Native American Site Area: .01 ha Landscape Position: Ridge Slope


Field Number: 1-183 Elevation (in 01): 1,197 Site Condition: Disturbed Subsurface Testing: N/A Appendix D Map Reference: D-2 NRHP Recommendation: Not Eligible

Site 39FA1872 (Figure 6.121) is a Native American isolated find locale measuring 10 m N-S x 26 m E-W. The site is situated on scrubland on the north slope of a high ridge. Visibility in the site area averages 50 percent.

Archeology l.ahoralory .. Allgllst:Ul:l Colll'g(' (j,12(j ~lar('h, ~()OR

• ~

N W+E S

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"q,

Ard><<>I"I3' 1.:obonoClf)'. ,\"' " .. ,, "" tou"P'

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•

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• A 1..:.,'<1 III "'oh,n1Ik"",,,,,,,. b .... ~, oll'''''"CIt<ch (l ISA} ' ""orponled',

l'rol'"s<,I I),,_)-II,.doock I I""~,.,, l>ro;w l .oc;o1i1y wilhill ,he So.~h.m lIl""k I lab. (.\,"~t " "I .',,11 Kn"r COI.,nc ... Soo nh 0 .... 01.

legend

o Scraper


o d# 10 20 s........:: Meters

Figure 6. 121 . Plan view of site 39F A 1872.

6.127 .\1:01'<10.2008

•

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•


A Lcn~1 III ClIllllral Hesolll"ces Evaluatioll of Powl~11ech (USA) Illcorporated's Proposed Dewey-Burdock Ur;U1iull1 Prqjcct Locality within thc Southclll

Black Hills. Custcr and Fall Ri"er Counties. SOl1th Dakota

A side scraper, a secondary flake, and an expended core were observed at the site. Table 6.26 details the artifacts identified at the site. No artifacts were collected. No features, additional aItifacts, or datable diagnostic materials were observed.

Table 6.26 Artifacts Observed at Site 39F A 1872.


1 Side scraper Chert Purple-gray 1 Secondary flake Quartzite Purple 1 Core Silicified sediment Tan Expended


Site 39FA1872 represents a Native American isolated find. The position of the site on an exposed ridge slope leaves it continually subjected to deflation and water erosion.

The NRHP eligibility status of site 39FA1872 is considered under Criterion D of the NRHP, that is, having yielded, or having the potential to yield, information impOltant in prehistory or history (NPS 1991:37). The site lacks diagnostic or datable materials and cannot be evaluated in a specific historic context. The integrity of the site has been compromised by erosion. The severe erosion of the landfonn on which the site is located indicates no potential for intact subsurface cultural deposits or features. This suggests that the site does not possess the potential to yield datasets capable of addressing specific research questions that would further our collective understanding of prehistoric cultures in the area. Site 39F A 1872 does not satisfy the specifications set forth in Criterion D of the NRHP (NPS 1991 :37). ALAC recommends that this site be considered not eligible for listing on the NRHP. No further work is recommended.

6.24 SITE 39F A1873

Site Number: 39FA 1873 Site Name: N/A Site Type: Isolated Find Cultural Affiliation: Native American Site Area: .001 ha Landscape Position: U-Shaped Valley Terrace


Field Number: 1-184 Elevation (in m): 1,170 Site Condition: Disturbed Subsurface Testing: N/A Appendix D Map Reference: D-2 NRHP Recommendation: Not Eligible

Site 39F A 1873 (Figures 6.122 and 6.123) is a Native American isolated find locale measuring I m N -S x I m E-W. The site is situated on a terrace scarp on the east side of an intermittent drainage. Visibility in the site area averages 50 percent.


One piece of light gray chalcedony shatter was observed at the site. The artifact was not collected. No features, additional artifacts, or datable diagnostic materials were observed.

Ardleolo!,'), Laboratory, Augustall:! College 6.128

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6.24.3

:\ LC"d III Cnhnral Hcsonl"ccs Evaluation of Powclkch (USA) IncorporalC(rS l)roposcd Dewey-Burdock Ur;ulilllil 1)I"<~icCl 1 . .oct1ilywitilin the SOlullcTll

Black I-fills, Cusler ;uul Fall River COllnties. Sonth Dakota

Figure 6.123. Overview of site 39FA1873, facing north.

Interpretation and Recommendations

Site 39FA1873 represents a Native American isolated find. The site is located on a deflated surface.

The NRHP eligibility status of site 39FAl873 is considered under Criterion D of the NRHP, that is, having yielded, or having the potential to yield, information important in prehistory or history (NPS 1991 :37). The site lacks diagnostic or datable materials and cannot be evaluated in a specific historic context. The integrity of the site has been compromised by erosion. The degree of erosion of the landform on which the site is located indicates no potential for intact subsurface cultural deposits or features. This suggests that the site does not possess the potential to yield datasets capable of addressing specific research questions that would further our collective understanding of prehistoric cultures in the area. Site 39F A 1873 does not satisfy the specifications set forth in Criterion D of the NRHP (NPS 1991 :37). ALAC recommends that this site be considered not eligible for listing on the NRHP. No ful1her work is recommended.

Ardlcology Lahoratory, AIlgllsl:Ula C)llcgc (;.no

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6.25 SITE 39F A1874

Site Number: 39FA1874 Site Name: N/A Site Type: Artifact Scatter Cultural Affiliation: Native American Site Area: .26 ha Landscape Position: Ridge Crest


A Le\'el III CtllttlralRcsotlrccs E\'a.lll<ition of POWCl1ech (USA) Incorporated's Proposed Dewey.Burdock Ur:Uliulll Project Locality withill the SOllthcl1l

Black Hills~ Custcr :uHI Fall Hi"cr COllnties. SOHth Dakota

Field Number: 1-185 Elevation (in 01): 1,188 Site Condition: Disturbed Subsurface Testing: NI A Appendix D Map Reference: D-2 NRHP Recommendation: Unevaluated

Site 39FAl874 (Figures 6.124 and 6.125) is a very sparse prehistoric artifact scatter measuring 34 m N -S x 131 m E-W. The site is situated on sClUbland on a ridge top. Visibility in the site area averages 50 percent.


One purple chert tertiary flake and one light gray chalcedony tested cobble were observed at the site. No artifacts were collected. No features, additional artifacts, or datable diagnostic materials were observed; however, there appeared to be some intact topsoil within the site area.


Site 39F A 1874 represents a Native American aItifact scatter. There appears to be some intact topsoil within the site area.

The NRHP eligibility status of site 39FA 1874 is considered under Critelion D of the NRHP, that is, having yielded, or having the potential to yield, information important in prehistory or history (NPS 1991:37). The NRHP eligibility status of site 39FA1874 could not be definitively determined within the scope of the current investigation. ALAC recommends additional evaluation of this site. .

Figure 6.124. Overview of site 39FA 1874, facing west.

Archeology Lahor:ltory, Allgllsl;Ula College Ii.UlJ

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a level iii cultural resources evaluation of powertech (usa) … · 2012. 12. 3. · a level iii...

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