a reminder: there are three major groups of regular verbs : verbs with infinitives ending in -er,...
TRANSCRIPT
A reminder:
There are three major groups of
regular verbs:
• verbs with infinitives ending in -er,
• verbs with infinitives ending in -ir, and
• verbs with infinitives ending in -re.
-er verbs To conjugate these verbs:
1. drop the -er from the infinitive to form the stem.
2. Next, add the –er endings to the stem :
-e, -es, -e, -ons, -ez, -ent
Parler = to speak
Je parle Nous parlons
Tu parles Vous parlez
Il/elle/on parle Ils/elles parlent
Past participle: parlé
-ir verbs To conjugate these verbs:
1. drop the -ir from the infinitive to form the stem.
2. Next, add the –ir endings to the stem :
-is, -is, -it, -issons, -issez, -issent
Finir = to finish
Je finis Nous finissons
Tu finis Vous finissez
Il/elle/on finit Ils/elles finissent
Past participle: fini
-re verbs To conjugate these verbs:
1. drop the -re from the infinitive to form the stem.
2. Next, add the –re endings to the stem :
-s, -s, -, -ons, -ez, -ent
Vendre = to sell
Je vends Nous vendons
Tu vends Vous vendez
Il/elle/on vend Ils/elles vendent
Past participle: vendu
Boot verbs!
Some –er verbs have a spelling change or stem change.
We sometimes call them
Boot verbs.
Stem-changing verbs or boot verbs,
have irregular stems in all the singular forms as well as the third person plural.
considérer = to consider
*Note: present tense: é in the penultimate syllable changes to è in all forms but nous and vous.
1. Verbs with é in the penultimate syllable
Je considère Nous considérons
Tu considères Vous considérez
Il/elle/on considère Ils/elles considèrent
considérer = to consider
Je considère Nous considérons
Tu considères Vous considérez
Il/elle/on considère Ils/elles considèrent
1. Verbs with é in the penultimate syllable
*Note: present tense: é in the penultimate syllable changes to è in all forms but nous and vous.
Je lève Nous levons
Tu lèves Vous levez
Il/elle/on lève Ils/elles lèvent
lever = to lift / to raise
*Note: present tense: e in the penultimate syllable changes to è in all forms but nous and vous.
2. Verbs with e in the penultimate syllable (except for the -eler and -eter verbs)
Present tense: e in the penultimate syllable
par Madame D Reed
3. Verbs in –eler
J’appelle Nous appelons
Tu appelles Vous appelez
Il/elle/on appelle Ils/elles appellent
appeler = to call
*Note: present tense: l becomes ll in all forms but nous and vous.
4. Verbs in –eter
Je jette Nous jetons
Tu jettes Vous jetez
Il/elle/on jette Ils/elles jettent
jeter = to throw
*Note: present tense: t becomes tt in all forms but nous and vous.
acheter et geler NO -tt or –ll but e è
therefore work like se lever. See 2.
Exception to the exception!!!
j'achète /je gèle nous achetons
/gelons
tu achètes/tu gèles vous achetez /gelez
il/elle/on achète/gèle ils/elles
achètent/gèlent
5. Verbs in –ayer
Je paie Nous payons
Tu paies Vous payez
Il/elle/on paie Ils/elles paient
Payer* = to pay
*Note: -ayer verbs have an optional stem change in which y changes to an i in all forms but nous and vous.
6. Verbs in –oyer
Je nettoie Nous nettoyons
Tu nettoies Vous nettoyez
Il/elle/on nettoie Ils/elles nettoient
nettoyer = to clean
*Note: in the present tense requires stem change y to i in all forms but nous and vous.
7. Verbs in –uyer
J’ennuie Nous ennuyons
Tu ennuies Vous ennuyez
Il/elle/on ennuie Ils/elles ennuient
ennuyer* = to annoy / bore
*Note: -uyer verbs have an optional stem change in which y changes to an i in all forms but nous and vous.
Remember : Nous and vous
out of the shoe!
No stem changes for nous and vousSame stem as the infinitiveStem
change for je tu il ils
Other verbs with ONE spelling change which are NOT boot verbs : verbs in –cer or -ger
voyager=to travel/ commencer=to start
je voyagetu voyages il/elle/on voyagenous voyageons vous voyagez ils/elles voyagent
je commencetu commencesil/elle/on commencenous commençonsvous commencezils/elles commencent