a sediment budget for two reaches of alameda creek (1900s through 2006) paul bigelow, sarah pearce,...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: A Sediment Budget for Two Reaches of Alameda Creek (1900s through 2006) Paul Bigelow, Sarah Pearce, Lester McKee, and Alicia Gilbreath](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070415/5697c0301a28abf838cda8a1/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
A Sediment Budget for Two Reaches of Alameda Creek
(1900s through 2006)
Paul Bigelow, Sarah Pearce, Lester McKee, and Alicia Gilbreath
![Page 2: A Sediment Budget for Two Reaches of Alameda Creek (1900s through 2006) Paul Bigelow, Sarah Pearce, Lester McKee, and Alicia Gilbreath](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070415/5697c0301a28abf838cda8a1/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Study Questions• Are the study reaches supplying a major source
of sediment to the flood control channel?
• What are the dominant processes, and what are the rates of erosion and amount of storage?
• What proportion of total sediment load at Niles is derived from the study reaches?
• How has the channel changed through time?
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Alameda Creek
Watershed
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Area BehindDams
Drainage Area Drainage Area % Area
Gage Location Below Dams (km2) total (km2) Above DamsArroyo de La Laguna at Verona Gage 670 1044 36%Alameda Creek near Welch Ck Gage 35 376 91%Alameda Creek at Niles Gage 821 1639 50%
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Study Area
![Page 6: A Sediment Budget for Two Reaches of Alameda Creek (1900s through 2006) Paul Bigelow, Sarah Pearce, Lester McKee, and Alicia Gilbreath](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070415/5697c0301a28abf838cda8a1/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Brief Watershed History• Pre-1900: channel ditching, groundwater wells, small dams• 1900: Ditching and draining of Tulare Lake• 1911: ADLL incision rate of 6 in/yr
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1925: Calaveras Dam, gravel mining1950s: Four largest flood events on record1964: San Antonio Dam1968: Del Valle Dam1970s: Flood Control Channel construction1980s to 2000s: Flood Control Channel dredging
Oblique view of Pleasanton and Dublin (looking west) during the 1955 flood
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Historical Flow Changes
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Lower Subreach
Upper Subreach
Arroyo De La Laguna
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Arroyo De La Laguna
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Arroyo De La Laguna
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Alameda Creek
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Sediment Budget Methods
• Incision – bed elevation surveys 1959, 1971, 2007
• Bank Erosion & Bar Storage – field surveys and air photo analysis
• Cross Section Surveys – historical and current
• Flood Plain Storage – field surveys
- Only subset of data collected for Alameda Creek Reach(little incision, 90% of drainage area above dams)
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Compare Reaches w/ Watershed
• Balance the Budget
• Estimate Yield at Gages (rating curves)
• Estimate Yield for Ungaged tributaries (reservoir sedimentation rate)
• Compare Reaches w/ Niles Gage
+Verona Gage
+Welch Gage
+Study Reaches
+Ungaged Tribs
= Niles Gage?
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Sediment Budget Periods
• 1901 – 1959
• 1959 – 1971
• 1971 – 1993
• 1993 – 2006
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63
68
73
78
83
88
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
Distance Moving Upstream (meters)
Ele
vati
on
(m
eter
s N
AV
D)
1959 Top of Bank (Alameda Co)
1959 Bed Elevation (Alameda Co)
Assumed 1901 Bed Elevation
Confluence
Paloma Br
Downstream RR Br
Verona Br
4.5 m ave total incision depth6 – 10 cm/yr
ResultsLong ProfilesArroyo De La Laguna
Bed Elevation~1901 – 1959
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ConfluencePaloma Br
Downstream RR Br
Verona Br
60
65
70
75
80
85
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
Distance Moving Upstream (meters)
Ele
vati
on
(m
eter
s N
AV
D)
1959 Bed Elevation (Alameda Co)
1971 Bed Elevation (FEMA)
1-2 m incision depth7 – 15 cm/yr
1959 to 1971 Bed Elevation
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Verona Bridge
Downstream RR Bridge
Paloma BridgeConfluence
60
65
70
75
80
85
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
Distance Moving Upstream (m)
Ele
vati
on
(m
NA
VD
)
1971 Bed Elevation (FEMA)
2007 Bed Elevation (SFEI)
1971 to 2007 Bed Elevation
0.5 – 0.8 m incision2 – 6 cm/yr
0.75 maggradation
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Incision Pattern Over TimeIncision Migrating Upstream
Confluence
VeronaBridge
DownstreamRR Bridge
PalomaBridge
60
65
70
75
80
85
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
Distance Moving Upstream (m)
Ele
vati
on
(m
eter
s N
AV
D)
1959 Bed Elevation (Alameda Co)
1971 Bed Elevation (FEMA)
2007 Bed Elevation (SFEI)
knickpoint1959
knickpoint1971
2007?
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Further Upstream
Paloma Br
DownstreamRR Br
Castlewood Br
Bernal Ave
Verona Br
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000
Distance Moving Upstream (meters)
Ele
vati
on
(m
eter
s N
AV
D)
1959 Bed Elevation (Alameda Co)
1971 Bed Elevation (FEMA)
1998 Bed Elevation (West Yost)
knickpoint1998?
knickpoint1971
knickpoint1959
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Bank Erosion & Bar StorageAerial Photograph Analysis
• Assessed entire study reach
• Focused on four locations
• Four time periods
• Quantified bank erosion and bar storage
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1939 Photo
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1950 Photo
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1966 Photo
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1993 Photo
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2005 Photo
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Area (m2)
0
1735
1390
5837
8962
Location C
2005 Photo
1939-1950
1950-1966
1966-1993
1993-2005Retreat rate 0.0 m/yr
Retreat rate 0.9 m/yr
Retreat rate 0.6 m/yr
Retreat rate 3.8 m/yr
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Erosion Location
Time Period
A B C D
1939-1950 120 0 0 0
1950-1966 320 620 830 0
1966-1993 420 300 400 290
1993-2005 1,900 1,420 3,700 1,050
Bank erosion (metric tonnes/yr)
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Channel Cross Sections
![Page 30: A Sediment Budget for Two Reaches of Alameda Creek (1900s through 2006) Paul Bigelow, Sarah Pearce, Lester McKee, and Alicia Gilbreath](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070415/5697c0301a28abf838cda8a1/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Channel Cross Sections
5-6 m5-6 m
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Flood Plain Storage
Arroyo De La Laguna - Upper Reach - Cross Section 21
-12-11-10
-9-8-7-6-5-4-3-2
135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190 195 200 205 210 215
Distance (m)
Rel
ativ
eE
lev
atio
n(m
)
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Sediment Budget by Process - ADLLArroyo De La Laguna - Sediment Budget by Process
-10000
-5000
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
1901 - 1958 1959 - 1971 1972 - 1993 1994 - 2006
Budget Period
Rat
e (t
on
nes
/yea
r)
Flood Plain StorageBar StorageBank ErosionBed Incision
Arroyo De La Laguna - Net Budget
-5000
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
1901 - 1958 1959 - 1971 1972 - 1993 1994 - 2006
Budget Period
Rat
e (t
on
nes
/yea
r)
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Alameda Creek ReachAlameda Creek - Sediment Budget by Process (incomplete)
-10000
-5000
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
1901 - 1958 1959 - 1971 1972 -1993 1994 - 2006
Budget Period
Rat
e (t
on
nes
/yea
r)
Landslide
Bar Storage
Bank Erosion
Bed Incision
No Data
Alameda Creek - Net Sediment Budget (incomplete)
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
1901 - 1958 1959 - 1971 1972 -1993 1994 - 2006
Budget Period
Ra
te (
ton
ne
s/y
ea
r)
No Data
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Overall Watershed Comparisonfor Recent Period (1994 – 2006)
Sediment Yield
Area tonnes/year % of Total
ADLL at Verona Gage 104,000 63
Alameda Creek near Welch Ck Gage 3,400 2
Arroyo de La Laguna Study Reach 8,400 5
Alameda Creek Study Reach 320 0.2
Ungaged areas 47,908 29
All Areas above Niles Gage 164,000
Alameda Creek at Niles Gage 156,000
Within5%
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Study Reaches Comparison to Niles Gage
Time PeriodNiles Gage
(tonnes/yr)
Study Reaches
Combined (tonnes/yr) % of Niles
1959-1971 74,000 19,300 26
1972-1993 90,000 320 0.4
1994-2006 156,000 8,700 6
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Study Area Sediment Yield Comparison to Regional Values
ADLL at Verona Gage
155 tn km-2 yr-1Alameda CreekWelch Ck Gage
97 tn km-2 yr-1
Ungaged areas
413 tn km-2 yr-1
All Areas aboveNiles Gage
200 tn km-2 yr-1
10
100
1000
10000
10 100 1000 10000Drainage Area (km2)
Sed
imen
t Y
ield
(to
nn
es k
m-2 y
r-1)
Alameda County
Contra Costa County
Marin County
Monterey County
Sonoma County
Santa Clara County
Study Area
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Sediment Budget Take Home Points
• Sediment budget has adjusted over several periods of land use alteration and disturbance from floods
• Budget dominated by incision in earlier periods, now adjusting through bank erosion
• ADLL sediment yield is high for a short reach (0.25% of total stream network length)
• But ADLL comprises a small portion of watershed sediment yield (6% of total yield)
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Future Channel Evolution
• Channel Evolution Models
• Process-based classification
• Describe channel form as it responds to a disturbance
• Shows typical channel adjustments to return a balance of sediment transport capacity
![Page 40: A Sediment Budget for Two Reaches of Alameda Creek (1900s through 2006) Paul Bigelow, Sarah Pearce, Lester McKee, and Alicia Gilbreath](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070415/5697c0301a28abf838cda8a1/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
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Future Response of ADLL
Conceptual Scenarios:
A(incision)
B(aggradation)
C(most probable)
Peak Discharge
Sediment Load
Predicted Sediment Supply Response from reach
~ 50% ~ 200% ~ 10%
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Next Steps - Recommendations
• Monitor future channel adjustment in ADLL, and continue to stabilize the reach
• Given management changes on Alameda Creek, monitor future channel response for sediment supply increase
• Conduct a phased watershed sediment budget– Phase 1: Quantitatively (on public lands) and qualitatively (on
private lands) assess feasibly manageable sediment– Phase 2 (if needed): Quantitative evaluation of manageable
sediment on private lands
• Conduct numerical modeling to understand sediment routing to and deposition within the Flood Control Channel