a spatio-temporal analysis of black-white mortality disparities in the us, 1980-2010: the role of...
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A Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Black-White Mortality Disparities in the US,
1980-2010: The Role of Changing Patterns of Residential Segregation
Corey S. SparksP. Johnelle Sparks
The University of Texas at San Antonio
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Introduction• Black-White disparities in mortality rates
persist• Most research focuses on individual level
factors – More recent work is multilevel
• Role of residential segregation on aggregate mortality rates still poorly understood
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Segregation & Mortality Rates• Williams and Collins (2001) offer one of the first
conceptual pieces to link segregation to poor health.
• Segregation spatially and socially patterns:– Poverty– Economic and educational opportunities– Social order or disorder– Access to resources
• Segregation could lead to better health outcomes (political representation, social support, cohesion)
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Research Questions• Does the effect of segregation produce the
same disparity in black and white mortality rates over time?
• Do counties with persistently high segregation show the same mortality disadvantage for both black and white mortality rates?
• Does segregation have any protective advantage on county-level mortality rates?– For black mortality specifically
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Data• NCHS Compressed Mortality File
– 1980 to 2010– Age, sex and race (white & black) specific rates
for all US counties– Standardized to 2000 Standard US population– Rates stratified by race and sex for each county
by year– n = 2 sex * 2race * 3149 counties * 31 years =
390,476 observations – n = 307,132 nonzero rates
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Data• Independent variable:
– Persistent segregation -> if D > .6 between 1980 and 2010
• Control variables– Sex– % of population age 25 + without a high
school education– Gini coefficient for income inequality
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Methods• Hierarchical model with respect to time
and space– Model 1: Random intercepts for year and
county– Model 2: Model 1 + Random slope for
black*persistent segregation by year• Models compared using Likelihood Ratio
test
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Results• Model results indicate
– Significant black & male disadvantage– Significant negative effect of black * persistent
segregation (black advantage in areas of persistent segregation)
– Significant variance component for black*persistent segregation slope
– Visualizations:
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Results: Raw Means
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Results: Linear Model Fit
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Results: HLM Fit
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Discussion• Persistent segregation may be protective for
black mortality rates, particularly over time• This advantage is not witnessed for white
mortality rates in areas with persistent segregation
• Future work will examine this association with alternative segregation change measures– Examining race specific models
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Thank you