a spatio-temporal analysis of black-white mortality disparities in the us, 1980-2010: the role of...
TRANSCRIPT
A Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Black-White Mortality Disparities in the US,
1980-2010: The Role of Changing Patterns of Residential Segregation
Corey S. SparksP. Johnelle Sparks
The University of Texas at San Antonio
Introduction• Black-White disparities in mortality rates
persist• Most research focuses on individual level
factors – More recent work is multilevel
• Role of residential segregation on aggregate mortality rates still poorly understood
Segregation & Mortality Rates• Williams and Collins (2001) offer one of the first
conceptual pieces to link segregation to poor health.
• Segregation spatially and socially patterns:– Poverty– Economic and educational opportunities– Social order or disorder– Access to resources
• Segregation could lead to better health outcomes (political representation, social support, cohesion)
Research Questions• Does the effect of segregation produce the
same disparity in black and white mortality rates over time?
• Do counties with persistently high segregation show the same mortality disadvantage for both black and white mortality rates?
• Does segregation have any protective advantage on county-level mortality rates?– For black mortality specifically
Data• NCHS Compressed Mortality File
– 1980 to 2010– Age, sex and race (white & black) specific rates
for all US counties– Standardized to 2000 Standard US population– Rates stratified by race and sex for each county
by year– n = 2 sex * 2race * 3149 counties * 31 years =
390,476 observations – n = 307,132 nonzero rates
Data• Independent variable:
– Persistent segregation -> if D > .6 between 1980 and 2010
• Control variables– Sex– % of population age 25 + without a high
school education– Gini coefficient for income inequality
Methods• Hierarchical model with respect to time
and space– Model 1: Random intercepts for year and
county– Model 2: Model 1 + Random slope for
black*persistent segregation by year• Models compared using Likelihood Ratio
test
Results• Model results indicate
– Significant black & male disadvantage– Significant negative effect of black * persistent
segregation (black advantage in areas of persistent segregation)
– Significant variance component for black*persistent segregation slope
– Visualizations:
Results: Raw Means
Results: Linear Model Fit
Results: HLM Fit
Discussion• Persistent segregation may be protective for
black mortality rates, particularly over time• This advantage is not witnessed for white
mortality rates in areas with persistent segregation
• Future work will examine this association with alternative segregation change measures– Examining race specific models
Thank you