a (very) short course on arduino_handout

8/9/2019 A (Very) Short Course on Arduino_handout

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Introduction to

Arduino WorkshopJAN RAY C. RULIDA


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Welcome to this

workshop!


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Before we beginquotes forInspiration

Learning is a treasure that will follow its ownereverywhere. ~Chinese Proverb

Mans mind, once stretched by a new idea, neverregains its original dimensions. ~Oliver Wendell Holmes

It gave a tremendous level of self-confidence, thatthrough exploration and learning one couldunderstand seemingly very complex things in onesenvironment. Steve Jobs


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What is electronics? Basic Electricity

An electric circuit is formed when a conductive pathto allow free electrons to continuously move. This co

movement of free electrons through the conductors

called a current, and it is often referred to in terms of

The force motivating electrons to "flow" in a circuit is

called voltage.

Free electrons tend to move through conductors wit

degree of friction, or opposition to motion. This oppo

motion is more properly calledresistance.


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Current is usually measured in Amperes or ampVoltage is usually measured in Volts (V)

Resistance is usually measured in Ohms ()


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Computer Programming

A computer program, or just a program, is a seque

instructions, written to perform a specified task witha computer. (Wikipedia)

Computer programming, or just programming, is a

process of writing instructions for a computer for it t

certain task.

This task could be as simple as print a character or

complex as do the laundry/labada or command a

army!


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Computer Programming: Structure

A basic computer program can be form

by combining only seven controlstatements:

A sequence

3 types of selection (conditional), and3 types of repetition (iterative)


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Computer Programming

1. Sequencecombine the liquid ingredientnext add the dry ones.

2. Conditionalif the pineapples are fresh thpeel them, but if canned, skip this step.

3. Iterativetry and try until you succeed!


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Computer Programming: 1 and 0

A computer only understands 1s and 0s (BITS),HIGH or LOW, On or Off, True or False

Logic/BitwiseOperations

Bitwise Symbol Logic Sym

NOT ~ !

AND & &&

OR | ||

XOR (Exclusive OR) ^


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Computer Programming: LogicOperations (NOT)

The logic NOT of an input becomes TRUE if thaFALSE, and vice versa.

INPUT OUTPUT of !(INPUT)

False True

False True

True False

True False


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Computer Programming: LogicOperations (AND)

Logic AND operates according to this rule: if both intrue, the resulting output is true, otherwise the outpu

INPUT 1 INPUT 2 OUTPUT of&& INP

False False Fals

False True Fals

True False Fals

True True Tru


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Computer Programming: LogicOperations (OR)

The logic OR of two inputs is TRUE if either or both ofis TRUE, otherwise it is false. In other words:

INPUT 1 INPUT 2 OUTPUT of|| INP

False False Fals

False True Tru

True False Tru

True True Tru


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Computer Programming: BasicArithmetic

Arithmetic Operation Symbol

Addition +

Subtraction -

Multiplication *Division /

Modulo (Remainder) %


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What is Arduino?


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A Physical Piece of HardwareA Programming Enviro

What is Arduino?


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What is Arduino?: A physical pieceof hardware

Arduino senses the environment byreceiving inputs from many sensors, andaffects its surroundings by controlling lightsmotors, and other actuators. (From the Arduino website)


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Arduino is an open-source electronics platformbased on easy-to-use hardware and software.

It's intended for anyone making interactive

projects. (From the Arduino website).

It can actually mean three things:A physicalhardware, a software programming

environment, and a community or philosophy

What is Arduino?


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What is Arduino?: A softwareprogramming environment

You can tell your Arduino what to do bywriting code in the Arduino programminglanguage and using the Arduinodevelopment environment. (From the Arduino website)

A program written for Arduino is called asketch.

Digital Input/Output Pins


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USB

7-12 v

3 v GND

5 v Analog Input Pins

gPins with ~ are PWM

[Analog Output]GND

Transmitter/Receive

Serial Connection

Microco

Operati

Input Vo

Input Vo

Digital I

(of whic

Analog

DC Cur

DC Cur


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Lets Begin!


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Installation Drivers: Windows 8, 7,Vista, XP Download from http://www.arduino.cc the latest v

the Arduino software for your Arduino board. The laversion at the moment is Arduino 1.0.6. Choose theWindows Installer.

Run the installer and just follow the prompts and ch

defaults presented by the installer

After installation, connect your Arduino to the com

and then start the Arduino application
http://www.arduino.cc/http://www.arduino.cc/


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Getting Started: Blink an LED!

Connect your board via USB then Launch th

Arduino application.From the Tools->Board menu, select Arduino

From the Tools->Serial Port menu, select the serial port where your Arduino Uno is connec

Open the sketch (program)

File->Examples->01.Basics->Blink. Click the button to upload it to your board.


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Getting Started: Blink an LED!

Congratulations! Youveprogrammed your firstmicrocontroller!


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Arduino Terminology:

v


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v

Arduino Sketch!

comments

functions


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v

Arduino Sketch!

variable


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Arduino Analog I/O functions:

analogRead(pin)Reads an analog value from 0 to 1023 on pins A0 toA5. This means an input voltage between 0 to 5 volts onpins A0 to A5 will mapped to integer values between 0 to1023.

analogWrite(pin, value)

Writes an analog value (PWM wave) on PWM pin.


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Arduino Digital I/O functions:

pinMode(pin, mode)

Sets pin to either INPUT or OUTPUT

digitalRead(pin)

Reads HIGH or LOW from a pin

digitalWrite(pin, value)

Writes HIGH or LOW to a pin

Electronic stuff

Output pins can provide 40 mA of current

Writing HIGH to an input pin installs a 20K pullup


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Running without a computer: 9V batte


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Running without a computer

The Arduino converts the 9V from the battery down

using a regulator on the board. You can connect anything from 712 volts DC to the

plug socket (2.1 mm / 5.5 mm diameter, center posi

You can also stick cables directly into the Vin and G(Ground) pins to power the board from 712 volts

you dont have a barrel plug on your power source

Dont attach a 5V power source directly to the +5Vthough its a voltage output pin only, and you maonboard regulator. Use the USB connector instead.


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LED Adventures!

A light-emittingdiode (LED) is asemiconductor device

that emits visible light

when an electric current

passes through it.


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Safety Check!!!

Always disconnect or turn off yourpower source before you changecircuit to avoid shorts. They may sh

down your USB port, or worse.


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LED Adventures!

Connect an LED as son the left.


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LED Adventures

Connecting an LED directly to 5V and GND will

usually fry it because of too much currentflowing through it.

It survived only because the Arduino cant

provide more than 40 mA (milliamps) of current

on each pin So what do we do to prevent the LED from

frying??? o___0


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Add a RESISTOR!

A RESISTOR is a device having a designed resistance

passage of an electric current.


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Resistor Color Codes!

d l l h i d ?


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How do we calculate the required R?

Using Ohms Law

Voltage i

represent

Current in

represent Resistanc

is represe

Add RESISTOR!


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Add a RESISTOR!

B db d!!!


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Breadboard!!!

+

B db d!!!


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Breadboard!!!

B db d!!! LED + R i t


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Breadboard!!! LED + Resistor

Digital Input/Output:


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Digital Input/Output:

Image from Theory and Practice of Tangible User Interfaces at UC Berkley

Digital Input/Output: Buttons


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Disconnect USB. Add a pushbutton, 10 k resistor (BrownOrangeGold) and wires as shown.



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Change the Blinkcode so it only blinks the Lpin 2 is LOW: Define a global integer (int) var

pushbutton. Set it to 2 in your setup(). In yourcode, use if (digitalRead(button)==LOW) {...}forget the curly braces and the double equa



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Change the Blinkcode so it only blinks the Lpin 2 is LOW: Define a global integer (int) var

pushbutton. Set it to 2 in your setup(). In yourcode, use if (digitalRead(button)==LOW) {...}forget the curly braces and the double equa

Reading Analog Values


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Disconnect USB. Remove the pushbutton ana potentiometer and wires to analog input Ashown in the next slide

Reading Analog Values: Potentiometer


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Reading Analog Values: Potentiometer

Reading Analog Values: Light Dependen


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Resistor (LDR) or Photocell



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Load File->Examples->03. Analog->AnalogInuses analogRead(...) to read the voltage on turns the LED on and off with a delay determthat voltagethe further right you turn the slower the LED will blink.

analogRead() returns values from 0 (0V) to 1

Debugging with Serial


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To see the actual numbers, openFile->Examples->01.Basics->AnalogReadSeri

Upload it, then click on the magnifier toolbathe top right to open the Serial Monitor wind



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The code uses Serial.begin(9600) to open a connection back to your computer in setupSerial.println(...) to output (print) numbers tserial connection, which end up in the Serialwindow on your screen. Its also possible to sback to the Arduino that way, using Serial.re

PWM: Making LEDs Faaaade


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Disconnect USB. Move the yellow wire f

13 to pin 11. Pin 11 has a tilde (~) on thewhich means it can output analog valushown in the figure on the next slide



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Change your loop() to control the LED w

analogWrite(...). Analog values for outpfrom 0 to 255, not 1023, so divide the vaanalogRead(...) by 4 before writing it topin.

Controlling and Moving with Servos


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Disconnect USB, and add a servo to yo

Connect its black or dark brown lead tored lead to 5V, and its orange, yellow olead (the signal lead) to pin 9, by stic

jumper wires into the servo connector li

figure in the next slide.



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g g

Load the sample sketch

File->Examples->Servo->Knob (its fdown in the list).

Run the code, and you can contro

angular turning position of the servoturning the potentiometer!!!

Arduino Shields!!!


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Shields are PCBs that stack on top o

Arduino and connect to all Arduinoadd all kinds of hardware features.

are shields to play MP3 files, for WiFi

Bluetooth, Ethernet, Zigbee, MIDI, Glog data, drive big motors, etc.

Character LCD


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Character LCD


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Disconnect USB. Open up

the FileExamplesLiquidCrystalHelloexample sketch

Upload the sketch to your Arduino Board

Thank You!


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