aacr3 … rda an interim report on the new cataloguing code antony gordon (british library sound...
TRANSCRIPT
AACR3 … RDAAn interim report on the new cataloguing code
Antony Gordon (British Library Sound Archive)
Drawn partially from presentations by:
Jennifer Bowen (City University, New York)
Alan Danskin (British Library) — itself based on a presentation by Gordon Dunsire and the JSC
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Where we came from — earlier cataloguing codes
1841 — Panizzi’s British Museum rules (UK)
1876 — Cutter’s rules (US)
1908 — Anglo–American rules (AA — very slim volume)
1949 — ALA rules (US)
1961 — Lubetzky’s analysis — leading to the ‘Paris Principles’
1967 — AACR, with divergent North American and UK versions
1969 — IFLA: International Standard Bibliographic Description (ISBD)
1978 — AACR2. Issued at a time when rapid technological change was beginning to impact on libraries. Revisions up to 2005
1997 — International Conference on the Principles and Future Development of AACR, Toronto
2004-5 — Draft of “AACR3” Part 1 reviewed by JSC constituencies
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International developments prior to RDA
Updating of the ‘Paris Principles’
IFLA Meeting of Experts on an International Cataloguing Code (IME ICC) www.ifla.org/VII/s13/index.htm#IME-ICC
IFLA’s Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) www.ifla.org/VII/s13/frbr/frbr.htm
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AACR review — genesis of RDA
Reviewers of AACR in 2004/5 called for:
More radical change
Simplification of the rules
Greater consistency and less redundancy for easier use and interpretation
A return to principle–based rules that build on cataloguers’ judgement
A content standard for metadata schemas
International applicability
Improved collocation in displays through use of work/expression relationships and a new approach to the GMD
Application of the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records model (FRBR/FRAR)
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RDA is designed to support the FRBR Resource Discovery user tasks:
Find Identify Select Obtain
… to enable users of library catalogues, etc. to find, identify/confirm, select and acquire access to resources appropriate to their requirements.
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FRBR (Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records)
Based on IFLA analysis of users' needs to Find, Identify, Select and Obtain an item
Group 1 entities: Work (a conceptual commonality — the composer's conception) Expression (MS, editions, different recordings — insubstantial) Manifestation (the Work-Expression made concrete — printed
editions, CDs, etc. Item — a specific exemplar of a manifestation
Group 2 entities:
Person Family Corporate body Place
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RDA — Resource Description and Access
Some of RDA’s design objectives:
To retain and reuse the best parts of AACR2
To ensure that AACR2 and RDA are record–compatible
To maintain, but modify the relationship with ISBDs
To take account of economic considerations for institutions that use the rules
To make provision for digital developments and emerging technologies
To foster the relationship between cataloguing and metadata
To engage with other metadata communities outside the library world
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RDA will be …
an international content standard for Resource Description and Access to cater for the wide variety of media and formats now held by libraries
designed for the digital environment a web-based product (but also available as loose-leaf print) independent of storage / communication formats such as
MARC 21
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RDA will enable …
description and access of all digital resources (as well as traditional analogue resources)
usability of resulting records in the digital environment (Internet, Web OPACs, etc.)
use by other language communities. It is being developed initially for use in an English language environment but with internationalization in mind
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Issues in developing RDA
Striking a balance between continuity and change
Deciding whether to throw out AACR2 and start from scratch. The decision was made to keep the best parts of what has been tried and tested over the years
Maintaining compatibility with existing records
Defining RDA as a content standard rather than a display standard
Defining new data elements to replace the GMD
Clarifying definitions for notes
Retaining relationships between elements
Severing the tie to ISBD whilst ensuring that RDA records can still be formatted for ISBD display if required
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Instructions rather than rules — a change of emphasis
RDA has instructions where AACR had rules
Instructions start with the general and move toward the specific
Some guidelines and instructions will be designated as optional in order to provide a cataloguer with either:
an alternative to the preceding instruction or guideline, or
an opportunity to record supplementary information within a data element
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RDA content largely consistent with AACR2 ... but
Areas of change include:
Use of ISBD becomes optional for RDA users
GMD / SMD are superseded by the RDA/ONIX Framework for resource categorization
Attributes set for carrier
Attributes set for content
Uniform title/Citation access point (proposal)
Name of work + expression attributes + manifestation attributes + item attributes as required
Transcription of data — changed emphasis
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Transcription from the source
Consider the relative importance of transcription of data for resource identification?
For rare books, early printed music, etc. — very important
For the metadata communities — not at all important
“Transcribe what you see”
Correction of inaccuracies will be elsewhere in the record
Facilitates automated data capture from e.g. publishers
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RDA structure. Part A: Description
Chapter 0. Introduction
Chapter 1. General guidelines on resource description
Chapter 2. Identification of the resource [FRBR Identify task]
Chapter 3. Carrier [FRBR Select task]
Chapter 4. Content [FRBR Select task]
Chapter 5. Acquisition and access information [FRBR Obtain task]
Chapter 6. Persons, families, and corporate bodies associated with a resource
Chapter 7. Related resources
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Data elements in Part A
Arrangement within Chapters 1–5 is by data element
Title Edition Publisher Place of publication Date of publication, etc. Series Resource Identifiers Extent Content description Item–specific information
Elements might either be explicitly required or optional
Specific instructions cover how to record an element and any exceptions for specialist materials.
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RDA structure. Part B: Access point control(expresses FRBR relationships)
Chapter 8. General guidelines on Access Point Control
Chapter 9. Access points for persons
Chapter 10. Access points for families
Chapter 11. Access points for corporate bodies
Chapter 12. Access points for places
Chapter 13. Access points for works, etc.
Chapter 14. Other information used in access point control
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RDA structure. Appendices
Appendix A. Capitalization
Appendix B. Abbreviations
Appendix C. Initial articles
Appendix D. Presentation of descriptive data
Appendix E. Presentation of access point control data
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New terminology
AACR2 Heading / Main entry Added entry Uniform title
RDA Primary access point Secondary access point Citation: access point
For a work For an expression For a manifestation
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GMD/SMD
Three new categories to replace GMD/SMD Media category Type of carrier Type and form of content
Resulting from joint work between RDA and ONIX so enabling improved data exchange with publishers
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Mandatory elements and alternatives clarified
AACR2 Alternatives Optional additions Optional omissions
RDA Required Required if applicable Optional
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Coding RDA records in MARC 21 – and DC?
Most RDA data elements can be incorporated into MARC 21
Changes:
New data elements to replace GMDs and SMDs
Possibly some other modifications necessary to MARC 21
Considering ISBD punctuation
RDA will establish a clear line of separation between the recording of data and the presentation of data
ISBD punctuation not required in RDA, but instead is optional
Presentation information (e.g. ISBD punctuation) will appear in an appendix of RDA
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Cataloguing / metadata communication standards
MARC
MARC 21 UNIMARC XML DTDs MARCXML www.loc.gov/standards/marcxml/ MODS www.loc.gov/standards/mods/
Metadata standards Dublin Core dublincore.org/ MPEG 7 www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/standards/mpeg-7/mpeg-7.htm VRA www.vraweb.org/vracore3.htm EAD www.loc.gov/ead/ ISBD (also content/display standard) www.ifla.org/VI/3/nd1/isbdlist.htm ONIX www.editeur.org/onix.html
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Organization, development and support for RDA
The Committee of Principals comprises directors (or their representatives) from: The American Library Association, The Canadian Library Association, CILIP: Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals, The British Library, The Library of Congress, Library and Archives Canada
The Joint Steering Committee (JSC) manages the process and includes representatives from :
The American Library Association The Australian Committee on Cataloguing The British Library The Canadian Committee on Cataloguing CILIP: Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals The Library of Congress
The Editor of RDA is Tom Delsey.
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RDA schedule
RDA is very much still in progress
2007 (March-June): Review of revised chapter 3 (Carrier)
2007 (July-September): Review of revised chapters 6-7 (Relationships)
2007-8 (December-March): Review of part B (Access Points)
2008 (July-September): Review of complete draft of RDA
2008 (August) ‘Soft-launch of Beta version RDA’ at IFLA Conference
2009 Release of RDA as web-tool
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Resources and contacts
RDA JSC website —drafts available at: www.collectionscanada.ca/jsc/rda.html
RDA discussion list
www.collectionscanada.ca/jsc/rdadiscuss.html
UK contact for comments: CILIP/BL Secretariat c/o [email protected]
Contact me at: [email protected]