Study on Teacher Absence and Students Attendance in Primary and Upper Primary Schools of Karnataka StatePresentation on Final Report

Study on Teacher Absence and Students Attendance in Primary and Upper Primary Schools of Karnataka StateThe main objectives of this study are to:

Find out the extent of teacher absence and the reasons;Identify the personal and school level factors of teacher absenteeism;3.Measure the effects of teachers attendance on students attendance and achievement

Study on Teacher Absence and Students Attendance in Primary and Upper Primary Schools of Karnataka State

Study on Teacher Absence and Students Attendance in Primary and Upper Primary Schools of Karnataka State

Teachers Absence Rate and Factors of Teachers Absenteeism

Study on Teacher Absence and Students Attendance in Primary and Upper Primary Schools of Karnataka StateTeachers Absence rate is estimated for 2006 07 (based on School Attendance Register) and 2007 08 ( based on Observation) in terms of Overall;Gender;Social Groups;Age;Location (Rural / Urban);Category of Schools (LPS/HPS/UHPS);Regions (six regions - Hyderabad Karnataka, Bombay Karnataka, South Karnataka (Maidan), South Karnataka (Malnad), South Coastal Karnataka, North Coastal & Bombay Karnataka);

Study on Teacher Absence and Students Attendance in Primary and Upper Primary Schools of Karnataka StateThe factors of teacher absenteeism are analyzed at five levels: a) Overall effect Rural/Urban, LPS/HPS/UHPS, Govt./Aided and Regions; b) Teacher Personal Factors age, gender, teaching experience, distance between school & residence, family type, land holding, retail business activity and money lending activity; c) School level factors availability of basic amenities, school related work; d) Frequency of visits by officials CRC, BRC and BEO; e) Students Strength per instructional room (SCR),

Correlates of Teachers Absenteeism with a) students attendance and b) achievement;

Statistical Analyses used : Correlation, ANOVA, t test and Regression

Study on Teacher Absence and Students Attendance in Primary and Upper Primary Schools of Karnataka State

Study on Teacher Absence and Students Attendance in Primary and Upper Primary Schools of Karnataka State

Study on Teacher Absence and Students Attendance in Primary and Upper Primary Schools of Karnataka State

Study on Teacher Absence and Students Attendance in Primary and Upper Primary Schools of Karnataka State

Study on Teacher Absence and Students Attendance in Primary and Upper Primary Schools of Karnataka StateTeachers absenteeism is observed to be relatively low among

Female teachers (19% as against 22% Male);Urban schools (18% as compared to 22% in Rural schools);> 50 years aged teachers (15%);South Coastal district (19% as compared to 20 to 21% in other regions);

Study on Teacher Absence and Students Attendance in Primary and Upper Primary Schools of Karnataka StateSeasonal variation in the absence rate of teachers due to LeaveThere is no set seasonal pattern in teacher absence due to leave on personal reasons. It is informed that teachers will avail leave based on the requirement. However, during the year end, the utilization of leave is seen. As seen during the first (Nov 2007) and second (Dec 2007) rounds of the survey, the absence rate of teachers due to leave being 16% and 15% as against the state average of teacher absence due to leave is12% .

Study on Teacher Absence and Students Attendance in Primary and Upper Primary Schools of Karnataka StateFactors Affecting Teachers AbsenteeismLocation of the schools (Rural / Urban) as a factor has no significant influence on Teacher absenteeism. Factors such as school management (Govt / Aided), category (LPS/HPS/UHPS) and regions ( six regions) have significant influence on Teacher Absenteeism. Teachers personal factors namely Gender and distance travelled from residence to school have significant influence on Teachers Absenteeism;Age and Experience as personal factors has significant influence on Teachers Absenteeism in case of sub samples;

Study on Teacher Absence and Students Attendance in Primary and Upper Primary Schools of Karnataka StateGender Influence on Teachers Absenteeism

It is seen that among the 54% male teachers working, the absenteeism rate is 22%, while among the 46% female working teachers it is 19%. Hence the influence of gender on teachers absenteeism indicates that for every 1% change from male to female teachers: the overall absenteeism reduces by nearly 2.5% - 3% in aided schools and 2% in government schools; in rural schools, 2% reduction in teachers absenteeism can be visualized, while in urban schools gender has no influence on teachers attendance; absenteeism reduces by 2% to 4% in LPS to UHPS; higher reduction in absenteeism in South Costal Karnataka (5.4%) is seen as compared to above 2% reduction in Hyderabad Karnataka, Bombay Karnataka and South Karnataka (Maidan) regions;

Study on Teacher Absence and Students Attendance in Primary and Upper Primary Schools of Karnataka StateDistance Traveled and Teachers Absence RateThe correlation between the teachers attendance rate and the distance from residence to school shows significant inverse relationship ie., longer the distance between the school & residence, teachers attendance decreases;

It is seen that for every kilometer reduction in the distance between the residence and the school, teachers absenteeism reduces by 0.12%;

Study on Teacher Absence and Students Attendance in Primary and Upper Primary Schools of Karnataka StateAge of Teachers and Teachers Attendance RateThe correlation between the age of teachers and Teacher Attendance rate indicates significant positive correlation in urban schools & HPS category schools ie., as age increase attendance also increases: - in urban schools for every one year increase in age of teachers the teachers attendance increases by 0.60%; - in HPS the increase will be 0.20%;

In case of teachers of UHPS schools there is an inverse relationship between age and attendance rate ie., as age of the teacher increases attendance decreases the decrease is of the order of 0.50%;

Study on Teacher Absence and Students Attendance in Primary and Upper Primary Schools of Karnataka StateExperience and Teachers Attendance RateThe correlation between number of years of teaching experience and Teacher Attendance rate indicates significant positive correlation in urban schools, HPS and in South Karnataka (Maidan) region indicating increase in attendance with increase in teaching experience: - in urban schools the attendance increases by 0.36% for every year of increase in teaching experience; - in HPS category schools the increase in attendance rate is 0.28%; - in South Karnataka (Maidan) region the attendance rate increases by 0.20%;

Study on Teacher Absence and Students Attendance in Primary and Upper Primary Schools of Karnataka StateSchool Level factors The main school level factors relating to teachers absence is the general toilet -With every percent increase in the general toilet availability, the teachers absence rate will reduce by about 2%;

Study on Teacher Absence and Students Attendance in Primary and Upper Primary Schools of Karnataka StateStudents Strength per Instructional Room (SCR) as a factor on Teachers Attendance

There is no overall effect of students strength per instructional room on the Teachers Absence;

Study on Teacher Absence and Students Attendance in Primary and Upper Primary Schools of Karnataka StateRelation of visits by CRC/BRC/BEO on Teachers AttendanceCRCs visit about 90% of the schools in a month as compared to about 50% by the BRCs;

BEOs visits to schools is mostly on quarterly and above frequency;

There is no trend observed in the frequency of visits by CRCs and teachers attendance;

Regarding the visits by BRCs and BEOs, there is no relationship with the frequency of visits and the teachers attendance;

Study on Teacher Absence and Students Attendance in Primary and Upper Primary Schools of Karnataka StateEffect of Teacher Absenteeism on Students

It is seen that 20% of the students were absent during the three rounds of the survey;There is a significant effect of teachers absence on the students attendance. However the correlation is very low (0.02). For every 1% increase in teachers attendance, the students attendance increases by 0.11%;The effect of teachers absence on the students achievement during 2006 07 indicates no relationship between teachers absence and students achievement (based on school results);

Study on Teacher Absence and Students Attendance in Primary and Upper Primary Schools of Karnataka StateEffect of Teacher Absenteeism on Students

The effect of teacher attendance on the students performance based on the KSQAO results for 2008 indicate no correlation between teacher attendance and overall performance of students in both 5th and 7th standards. However in case of aided schools, there is a positive significant correlation between teacher attendance and performance level in Mathematics. The correlation coefficients are 0.235 for 5th standard and 0.245 for 7th standard. The extent of influence of teacher attendance on the student performance level in Mathematics in aided schools indicates that with every percentage increase in the attendance of teachers, the level of performance of students in mathematics increases by about 0.35% in both 5th standard and 7th standard.

Study on Teacher Absence and Students Attendance in Primary and Upper Primary Schools of Karnataka StateStudents Performance as per KSQAO 2008 Result

In 19 districts overall achievement of students is higher than state average

In 5th standard the state average is 70%, with a highest achievement level of 90% in Bagalkot district and lowest achievement is in Yadgir district with 55%.In case of achievement level of students of 7th standard, again Bagalkot district tops the list with an achievement level of 90% and Madhugiri district with lowest (56%) as against the overall achievement level of 71%.

Higher level of achievements in the KSQAO-2008 could be attributed to the Remedial Classes (Parihara Bhodhane)

Study on Teacher Absence and Students Attendance in Primary and Upper Primary Schools of Karnataka StateCase Study

Seven indicators through which the schools are categorized into good and poor performance reveal the following which also corroborates the findings from the larger sample of schools:

HPSThe higher the female to male teacher ratio the lesser will be the teacher absenteeism rate;With better infrastructure facilities, the teacher absenteeism rate will be less;With lesser student teacher ratio, students absenteeism is less;Students attendance increases with reduction in teacher absenteeism;

LPSIn case of LPS there is no clear trend observed from the case study schools. This may be due to the lower strength of the students and the teachers.

Study on Teacher Absence and Students Attendance in Primary and Upper Primary Schools of Karnataka State

Study on Teacher Absence and Students Attendance in Primary and Upper Primary Schools of Karnataka StateAction Points

Teachers going for submission of scholarship forms and collection of scholarship amount could be avoided during the school working hours. State policy of No Training during school working days need to be strictly observed. Visits by CRC/BRC/BEO (especially CRCs) need to be systematised and monitored. The monitoring responsibilities of schools may be entrusted to the Cluster AEO as per planned time schedules.Monetary rewards and recognition for teachers who attend to school for 95% of the days could be explored.

Thank You

2418 (5 %) sample schools covering different characteristics and spread over 64 blocks @ 2 blocks per district were selected for the study;Three rounds of unannounced visits made at an interval of one month between each visit (5th November 2007 to 10th February 2008); Information collected using four types of questionnaires from school teachers, SDMC members, Parents, Students, CRCs, BRCs, BEOs, school records and personal observations;

During 2006 07, 38 (16%) teaching days per teacher were lost because of various reasons;The main reason being Leave on personal grounds 15.5 days (6.6%);The next reason is attending to Training on school working days 6.5 days (2.8%);Meeting and Examination related works constituted 4.4 days each (1.9%);Census duties comprised of 3 days (1.3%);There are incidences of teacher absenteeism due to work related to disbursement of scholarship for students: - bringing application forms from related departments; - collecting scholarship amount from departments;The teachers attendance status during three rounds of unannounced visitsindicated:80% teachers present in the schools;12% of the teachers were on Leave on personal grounds;6% of the teachers were away on education related work such as training & meetings;1% of the teachers had signed the attendance register and were away on personal work;0.4% of the teachers were absent without information;