acorne *, uk
DESCRIPTION
ARENA 2012. The calibration and experiment of transmitter array for the acoustic neutrino detection. W. Ooppakaew *, S. Danaher*, R. Lahmann **, K. Graf**. ACoRNE *, UK. ECAP**, Germany. Outline. 1. Introduction. 2. Aims . 3. Single Hydrophone. 4. Hydrophone Array Simulation. Outline. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
ACoRNE*, UK
The calibration and experiment of transmitter array for the acoustic neutrino detection
W. Ooppakaew*, S. Danaher*, R. Lahmann**, K. Graf**
ARENA 2012
ECAP**, Germany
22
7. Deployment at ANTARES site
5. Hardware Design and Build
3. Single Hydrophone
Outline
Outline
4. Hydrophone Array Simulation
1. Introduction
2. Aims
6. Laboratory Experiment
8. Data analysis
9.Conclusion & Future work
3
Introduction: Acoustic Detection1
neutrino
neutrino
neutrino
muon
Optical Cerenkov
Radio Cerenkov
Acoustic Pressure Waves
PMT Array
Antenna Array
Hydrophone Array
Cascade
Optical Cerenkov-Works well in water, ice-Attenuation lengths 50m to 100m-Sensitive to low energy
Radio CerenkovLong (order km) attenuation
lengths in ice and salt
Acoustic DetectionVery long attenuation lengths in water (order 10km), ice and
salt
Cascade
Collaborations-AMANDA-ANTARES (FR)-NEMO-IceCube-KM3NeT
Collaborations-ANITA-FORTE-GLUE-RICE
Collaborations-SAUND (USA)-ACoRNE (UK)
Source: Dr.Lee Thompson (ARENA 2008)
33
"pancake" propagates to shower direction
Neutrino detection methods
4
Aims 2
1. Simulation and study of acoustic transmitter array for neutrino detection
2. Design and construction of the acoustic transmitter array.
3. Calibration and experiment of acoustic transmitter array at the laboratory
4. Deployment of acoustic transmitter array at ANTARES site, France
55
-0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6Step input
Time (ms)
Am
plitu
de (V
)
-0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5Hydrophone step response
Time (ms)
Am
plitu
de (V
)
0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5Bipolar acoustic pulse 10kHz
time (ms)
Vol
tage
(V)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1Hydrophone driving pulse for bipolar 10 kHz
Time (ms)
Vol
tage
(V)
Single Hydrophone Calibration 3
0 5 10 15-2
-1
0
1
2
Time (us)
Vol
tage
(V)
Fitted responseActual response
6
0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5Bipolar acoustic pulse 10kHz
time (ms)
Vol
tage
(V)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1Hydrophone driving pulse for bipolar 10 kHz
Time (ms)
Vol
tage
(V)
Bruel & Kyaer (B&K) 8106Tx hydrophoneNeeded signalInput driving
PIC modulePIC18F4585-I/P
NI USB-6211
Sampling Rate : 250 kS/sNumber of samples: 1500 samplesResolution of Analog output : 12 bits
Sampling Rate : 250 kS/sNumber of samples:1500 samplesResolution of Analog output : 16 bits
Hydrophone Calibration (Contd)3
7
Hydrophone Array Calibration :Simulation4
Simulation of 8 hydrophone array TX
8
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 10
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Angle(degrees)
Ener
gy(R
elat
ive)
10 meters cylinder length10 meters array length8 meters array length6 meters array length
-0.05 0 0.05-0.05
0
0.05
Time(ms)
Pres
sure
(Pa)
0O
0.2O
0.4O
0.6O
0.8O
1O
Hydrophone Array Calibration :Simulation4
Energy per angle at 2475 metres from GeV of thermal energy shower deposition, under Mediterranean sea condition
Amplitude in time of the acoustic bipolar pulse generated from GeV thermal energy shower deposition at 2475metres under Mediterranean sea condition .
99
Simulation of attenuation in sea water
ACoRNE parameterisations Attenuation parameters: 3 components1. Boric Acid 2. magnesium sulphate 3. pure water.
Hydrophone Array Calibration :Simulation4
10
-0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1Original pulse
Time (ms)
Pre
ssur
e
Dis
tanc
e
-0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1Attenuation of 23 kHz bipolar pulse :Distance 0.1 km
Time (ms)
Pre
ssur
e
Dis
tanc
e
-0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1Attenuation of 23 kHz bipolar pulse :Distance 1 km
Time (ms)
Pre
ssur
e
Dis
tanc
e
-0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1Attenuation of 23 kHz bipolar pulse :Distance 2.5 km
Time (ms)
Pre
ssur
e
Dis
tanc
e
Hydrophone Array Calibration :Simulation4
Simulation of attenuation in sea water for 23KHz
-0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1Attenuation of 23 kHz bipolar pulse
Time (ms)
Pre
ssur
e
Dis
tanc
e
original pulse100 m500 m1 km2.5 km
-0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1Attenuation of 23 kHz bipolar pulse :Distance 0.5 km
Time (ms)
Pre
ssur
e
Dis
tanc
e
11
Hardware Design and Implementation5
8 channel arbitrary wave form generator module- dsPIC33FJ256MC710-I/P Digital signal Controllers- One master , Eight Slave Controllers- I2C Interface, Interrupt trigger- DAC8822 16-bit Digital to Analog Converter- Maximum Sampling rate 1MS/s ( Experiment used:
500KS/s)
8 channel power amplifier module- APEX PA94- High voltage power operational amplifier 900V (+/-
450V) (Experiment used : +/-100V)- High Slew Rate 500V/us- High Output current 100mA- Adjustable Output voltage gain
+12Vdc to +/-100V dc-to-dc converter Module- Convert +12Vdc to +/- 100Vdc for Power Amplifier- Battery supported
1212
25
5 for each hydrophone
50 25
60
150
55 10
*All dimensions in centimeter
Water level
Laboratory at Northumbria University
Laboratory Experiment6
13
Laboratory Experiment6
Ch1
Ch2
Ch3
Ch4
Ch5
Ch6
Ch7
Ch8
8 Channels hydrophone Tx
Bipolar pulse output from Channel 1
1414
0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
Time (ms)
Am
plitu
de (
Vpea
k)
Received signal from H1-8 (PXI-6713)
H1 H8
0 0.02 0.04 0.06-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
Time (ms)
Am
plitu
de (
Vpea
k)
Received signal from Hydrophones
H1-2
H1-8
H1-8
H1-7
H1-6
H1-5
H1-4
H1-3
H1-2
-0.05 0 0.05 0.1 0.15-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
Time (ms)
Am
plitu
de (
Vpea
k)
Comparision between dsPIC and PXI-6713 modules
dsPICPXI-6713
0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
Time (ms)
Am
plitu
de (
Vpea
k)Received signal from H1-8 (dsPIC)
H1 H8
Laboratory Experiment6
15
1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.80.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Relative Distance
Rel
ativ
e So
und
Pre
ssur
e
Theory PXI-6713 dsPIC
No of Hydro phone
PXI-6713 module dsPIC module
Centre Left bottom Centre Left bottom
H1 1.54 1.46 1.56 1.68 1.54 1.58H2 1.64 1.60 1.66 1.76 1.62 1.60H3 1.84 1.76 1.74 1.86 1.74 1.72H4 1.98 1.84 1.80 1.96 1.92 1.86H5 2.30 2.06 2.08 2.30 2.04 2.10H6 2.46 2.24 2.30 2.48 2.22 2.30H7 2.56 2.28 2.36 2.58 2.30 2.32H8 2.86 2.64 2.78 2.88 2.70 2.74
Calculation H1+...H8 17.18 15.88 16.28 17.50 16.08 16.22
Measurement H1-8 16.4 15.0 15.8 16.6 14.8 16.00
*All units are in Vp-p
Laboratory Experiment (Result)6
The measurement of bipolar signal Using NI and dsPIC modules
16
Orthogonal Set6
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
-0.15
-0.1
-0.05
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
Time (ms)
Am
plitu
de (V
)
Orthogonal Signals
0 0.5 1 1.5 2-0.100.1
Time(ms)
(V)
1st Orthogonal Signal
0 0.5 1 1.5 2-0.100.1
Time(ms)
(V)
2nd Orthogonal Signal
0 0.5 1 1.5 2-0.1
00.1
Time(ms)
(V)
3rd Orthogonal Signal
0 0.5 1 1.5 2-0.1
00.1
Time(ms)
(V)
4th Orthogonal Signal
0 0.5 1 1.5 2-0.2
00.2
Time(ms)
(V)
5th Orthogonal Signal
0 0.5 1 1.5 2-0.2
00.2
Time(ms)
(V)
6th Orthogonal Signal
0 0.5 1 1.5 2-0.2
00.2
Time(ms)
(V)
7th Orthogonal Signal
0 0.5 1 1.5 2-0.1
00.1
Time(ms)
(V)
8th Orthogonal Signal
0 0.5 1 1.5 2-0.2
00.2
Time(ms)
(V)
9th Orthogonal Signal
0 0.5 1 1.5 2-0.1
00.1
Time(ms)
(V)
10th Orthogonal Signal
Orthogonal Signals
Seawater has a limited bandwidthInterested in set of mutually orthogonal signals for comms, positioning etc
17
Orthogonal set II6
Orthogonal Signals
-0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.40
10002000
-0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.40
10002000
-0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.40
10002000
-0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.40
10002000
-0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.40
10002000
-0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.40
10002000
-0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.40
10002000
-0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.40
10002000
-0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.40
10002000
-0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.40
10002000
Output of Matched Filter bankShould get a score of one for signal you wantIdeally a score of zero for other signalsIn practice score is c 0.3 but this is Works fine in simulation but will it work in practice?Very confident it will work under lab conditions – but over long distances in sea water?Does Dispersion agree with theory?
18
Deployment at ANTARES, France7
Deployment at ANTARES (France)8 channel transmitter module
Deployment at ANTARES17 September 2011
19
Deployment at ANTARES, France7
20
420
2080
1400 2200 0 1852
L12
Planed position
*All units in metre(s)
S21-23
Sea bed
1 m
1 m
1 m
1 m
1 m
1 m
1 m
t=0
1Δt
2Δt
3Δt
4Δt
5Δt
6Δt
7Δt
H1
H2
H3
H4
H5
H6
H7
H8
Acoustic hydrophone array
Deployment at ANTARES, France7
Signal injecting time18:25 UTC,20.25 (local) : Arrive site, set up array frame to stern A frame18:45 UTC,20.45 (local) : Set up electronics19:00 UTC,21.00 (local) : Start measurement with dsPIC module: for 5KHz, 10KHz,15KHz19.10 UTC,21.10 (local) : Bipolar pulse, and Orthogonal pulses19.35 UTC,21.35 (local) : Start Labview measurements: 5KHz,10KHz,15KHz and bipolar pulse.20.00 UTC,22.00 (local) : Finish measurements
21
Data Analysis8
1. Data was recorded from Line 12 (Three storey: No. 21,22,23) but only No. 22,23 (Storey 21 is untypical as it contains so called acoustic modules, neglect it.
2. Storey 22: Sensor number 18,19,20,21,22,233. Storey 23: Sensor number 30,31,32,33,34,35
420
2080
1400 2200 0 1852 636 1007 m2488
2859 371
L12
764 1564
Planed position
Started position
Endedposition
393 1193
*All units in metre(s)
S21-23
-Planed 1NM (≈ 1.852 km)-Started ≈ 2.488 km-Ended ≈ 2.859 km
-Beamforming to cover the distance at AMADEUS from1400m to 2200m in 20m.
22
Data Analysis8
-The example of recorded data from the deployment
-Data dropped after one minute or so for each file
23
Data Analysis (Sine Waves) 8
Simulation of received signal at the ANTARES detector for 5khz, 10khz,15khz sine signal
350 400 450 500 550 600 650 7000
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Delta t (s)
Pre
ssur
e (m
Pa)
Simulation of 5 KHz Sine Signal
400 450 500 5500
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Delta t (s)
Pre
ssur
e (m
Pa)
Simulation of 10 KHz Sine Signal
460 480 500 520 540 560 580 6000
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Delta t (s)
Pre
ssur
e (m
Pa)
Simulation of 15 KHz Sine Signal
24
3000 3001 3002 3003 3004
-0.03
-0.02
-0.01
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
Received Sine:sampling rate 250KHz
Time (ms)
Pre
ssur
e (P
a)
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000-0.04
-0.02
0
0.02
0.04Received Sine:sampling rate 250KHz
Time (ms)
Pre
ssur
e (P
a)
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000-0.5
0
0.5ANTARES DATA
Time (ms)
Pre
ssur
e (P
a)
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000-0.5
0
0.5ANTARES DATA + SINE
Time (ms)
Pre
ssur
e (P
a)
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000-0.05
0
0.05Bandpass filter
Time (ms)
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000-1
0
1Match filter
Time (ms)
Pre
ssur
e
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 50000
0.5
1Hilbert TF
Time (ms)
Pre
ssur
e
Data Analysis8
25
Acknowledgement
Conclusion & Future work 91. The simulation Hydrophone array transmitter for acoustic
neutrino detection has been done.2. Design and construction of hydrophone array transmitter have
been built.3. The experiment of Hydrophone array transmitter at laboratory
has been tested.4. The deployment of hydrophone array transmitter at ANTARES
site has been operated on 17 September 20115. Data analysis has been running using signal processing
techniques
1. ACoRNE collaboration, UK.2. ECAP Collaboration, Germany.3. Dominique Lefevre of INSU, : Sea water operation organizer.4. School of CEIS Northumbria University,3. Ministry of Science and Technology, Thai government: Sponsorship for my full time PhD.
Be kind! It’s my Birthday!