ADA9 16 EPSILON LABS INC BEDFORD MA F/6 4/1STRATOSPHERIC AEROSOL MEASUREMENTS. (U)DEC A0 H A MIRANDA F92-9C03

UNCLASSIFIED GL TR- -366 ML

El Eh''homomhhhEE

AFGL-TR-8C-03fi6

STRATOSPHERRIC AEROSOL MEASURhEMENTSL EVHenry A. Miranda, Jr.? EPSILON LABORATORIES, INC.4 Preston CourtBedford, MA 01730

DECEMBER 1980

Final Report for period July 10, 1979 through October 30, 1980.

Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.

DTICELECTE

APR 14 1981Air Force Geophysics Laboratory t)

Air Force Systems CommandUnited States Air Force .Hanscom APB, MA 01731

LJ

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Qualified requestors may obtain additional copies from theDefense Technical Information Center. All others shouldapply to the National Technical Information Service.

UNCLASS IFII1DSECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (When mfie Fi.lerr.d)

REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE HIA,) INSTRII'TI(NS• |H--I-O()HI ('(OMI.lE-TIN(, F(ORM

A. REPORT IRMODER GOVT ACCESSION NO. 3 RFCIPI NT'S CATALOG HIJMUIIF

h ) AFGL-TR-8 P-0 366 1 A I TM - __ _ -__-4. TITLE (and Subtitle) S YPE OF REPORT 8 PENI1f) COVERV U

STRATOSPHERIC AEROSOL MEASUREMENTS# 1 11 up _,tJ _

6 PERFORMING O'. RE OR'T NUMOLR

- AU'HOR ) B CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER(S)

&0 A./Miranda, Jr. 1

9 PERFORMING OGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS N. P1ROGRAM ELEMFNT. PROJECT, TA.iAAREA 4 WORK UNIT NUMBERS

Epsilon Labortories, I.-" 62101P

4 Preston Court 6/ (187 -( 03A.Bedford, MA 01730 1_ nOIA- I'

I. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS 1*REPORT DATE

Air Force Geophysics Laboratory I/Deca fet1984Hanscom AFB, MA 0!'31 13. NUMBER OF PAGE.S

Monitor: William K. Vickery/1,KD 2414. MONITORING AGENCY NAME & ADDRESS(l dif(ier.nt Ionl (...'IoIr O f. h Oi.e) 15 SECURITY CLASS (o th- -p-1,

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Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.

17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (ol the ahlitralt entered , RIo-k 20. i t difer.n Ira n, ep",t)

IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

19 KEY WORDS (Continue on reverse uode if t.eces.ary slId dentifv by hio'k,,,,,,bh. )-

Stratosphere SAGE Solar ext inct ijo

Aerosols Hal lo-)nborne instrum.ntat ionSize distributions Vert ical aerosol profil,,s

Particulate sizing spectromitter Arosol concentration

0 ABSTRpCT (C',nrinue nn reverse aide It nlecesary aid ideni yI by hlo4 k .imher)

The Epsilon/AFGL balloon-borne aerosol sizintj spectromet er was fl(Eh ion a

stratospheric halloon fliqht on 27 May IRO ()ver 1ho l(,man AIH, N.M., it) anattempt to correlat(' with the !;A(I: follr-chanriI solar- limb extin't.i(kii exlri-

midrit. l1sefil ,ir :;(l ,altitud(c ,o' lw(',nltrat ion p'rofilw; wer (, ilbiti ,d withii

,, - 'vi , ll lIdrf',I Kin ,in1d :cvI'ral lulwr (If the, (,A(;I: I . 'l, I IIIt ll, I i .

The' data fln(diate that plartlcl,.s (IrlIlt t :h ir, 0.4 mIcron di m.tfltIt alr-4 ,b;1'Iit

abofvl' the tror)j)pAuso- (14 Km in this in.-;t. iie). :;pe,'lh sl (1 -; tljardi -- a

DD I JAN 1 1413 FDITION Of I NOV S ISOSSOLFTl

Sf¢( URITY CLA%1IrI('ATION r)F Tw PAGE (1 01 lists FroonI dt

SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE(WhPe Data Entered)

Continued from Block 20

possible explanation for this effect are offered.

Predictions of SAGE tanqential extinction vs. altitude from avrosols alonehave been derived from the data, and are included to facilitate correlationand comparison with those derived from aerosol models currently in vogue.

it

_ INCIASSI'H.1; : .%t IRS I y Ct ASIF!CATIO% OF: AI , 'h, ,- p .',.edj

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. INTROPUCTION

1.1 System Operation 2

2. VALIDITY OF DATA

2.1 Sampling Flow Correction 5

2.2 Sampling Efficiency vs. Particle Size 6

3. RESULTS 7

Acknowledgements 19

References 20

Accession For

NTIS GRL&I

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Jut- i: i

B...............- -..Dizt ribut rn,! "

A vai -2 1:, t" C

Di,;t E I.

1. PROGRAM OBJECTIVES

The objectives of this program were to refurbish the E'silon/AV.I.

balloon-borne aerosol sizing spectrometer, to prepare the inistrumient tor

flight, to collect aerosol data or) a series of stratospht.ric fliqht:i co,,n-

ducted from Ilolloman AFB, New Mexico, and to reduce and analyze lhe data in

a preliminary fashion. The instrument, featurinq exceedinqly hi11 !;izinq

resolution capable of resolvinq iparticle diamet er!, di ffr i nj hy i!; I itt I, a!-

O.Ol diameter in the range between 0.25i and 1 .Oij diameter, had be(en undter

development ove." a period of several years andi, having been flown on ,rviolis

occasions, is described elsewhere (Ref. 1,2).

Because of the ongoing nature of the development, it was planned to

introduce certain improvements in the hardware. One of these was to include

a PCM telemetry link utilizing the AFGL balloon-borne telemetry system as a

back-up to the on-board recorder. During flight, the telemetry data stream

could then be processed by the AFGI, PDP-11 computer at the ballooni control

site to provide the scientist with real-time information on backqround levels,

total aerosol counting rate and other useful diagnostic information such as

flow rate, temperatures, etc. The function of this aspect was to serve as

an aid in makinq decisions during the balloon fliqht as to whether to depart

from the planned flight schedule to seek new scientific targets of oppr-

tunity that might develop which otherwise would be missed entirt ly.

A second improvement related to the airflow sampling hardware. It was

planned to discard the critical orifice and replace this component with a

dynamically controlled pump whose volumetric samplinq rate could be varied

to offset evacuation/fillinq flow effects that occur as a result of balloon

rise rate and/oc fall rate. However, owin,; to the fact that th( inr;rument

had lain dormant for the past five years, the refurbishment ,ffort was lar~qer

than anticipated. Because: of this, as well as the need to txplore f;amplinq

efficiency effects (described in paraqraph 2.2) , the- installation of tbis

modified flow system was not accrnIl isied.

The first of two planned fliqhts waF to be launched on 27 May 1980.

On this occasion the SAGE Spacecraft woul!d oe viwinq within a toew hundrd

Km of our pro jected samplinq req ion at local sUiset , th ,riby pr,,vidinq in

opporttinity of (-orrf,'ia iiit, our rsiilt!; with tli so, lar t riq(en tijal ext i-t ion

-I]-

data collected by the spacecraft instrument, in a fashion simiiar to the

"ground truth" ,moa:;urement (Ref. 3). At the same time, the Ames instrumented

aircraft, whose mix of instruments included a wire impactor, was to have

established rendezvous with our balloon, and subsequently flown to Wyoming

to rendezvous with Rosen's payload which was being used as a "ground truth"

measurement for the SAGE data. Unfortunately, the Mt. St. !eli-n's volcanic

eruption interposed, so that the Ames aircraft was diverted.

1 1 .;Iysten Operation

One successful flight was conducted on 27 May 1980. The balloon was

launched a!; late as possible (0700h MST; 1300h GMT) prior to clearing of the

flightlin, for normal daylight operations of the airbase. This accommodated

the desire to minimize the separation in both space and time between the

balloon stratospheric in-situ sampling trajectory and that of the SAGE space-

craft sub-tangent reqion at local sunset. From this standpoint a sunrise

rendczvttus on 27 May would have been preferable, as the geometry of the latter

would have resulted in a lesser separation. However a sunrise turn-on, owing

to the associated cold,-r spacecraft temperatures, would have involved higher

power drains on the aging spacecraft system (which had already experienced

compnernt d Iradation), and therefore was precluded.

The bal loon fLight folowed quite closely the intended upleg altitude

profile-, rising for the first 22 minutes at a rate of about 730 ft/min to the

2)0 KtI level, thenc e ;lowing to averaq(e rise rates of 340 ft/min up to the

38 Ktt leve'l, 310 ft/min to (,8 Kft, and 250 ft/min to the 84 Kit level during

thc ,n!li eq 200 minutes. The remaining rise to float altitude of 94 Kft was

appr achi-,d- it a ml ch ;lower rise rate (about 90 ft/min). Meanwhile, the

gene-riI atm o!;;h(eri(: air movement c,,rriod the hallox)n first in a northeasterly

dirf.,tion iolow the t. ro ,|,au.!;e, (located at 14 Km; 46 Kft) in a northerly

di r, t o through th,. tran:;ition reqion, and then in a direc-tion west by

rtrthwtst in the o;tratle;j~hirt,. Pertinnt. information relating to these flight

j,,iramt ,,r!. .ar , I i!;tcd in '.,l, ' I hlttw.

TABLE I

Balloon flight parameters for RV-1 flight on 27 May 1)80

Time Altitude Balloon location

MST GMT Kft Km Lat (N) Lonq (W) Remarks

0700 1300 4.0 1.22 3370000 l008 At surfac,

0800 1400 20.0 6.1 33P°18 l')1,49 ' On northeasterly track

0830 1430 37.0 11.3 33032 105o 2' ...

0900 1500 45.0 13.72 33041' L0r1)9' Commenc( north by northeasterlytrack

- - - 14.0 - - hew, I of Tropo aus;e

0915 1515 50.5 15.4 33050' l05) 14 Farthv,;t astwar(l idv.ince ofha I loon

0930 1530 58.5 17.8 33°)55' lo°]9 Commence North by northwesterly

track

1030 1630 80.7 24.6 33056 ' 105c'30' Commence West by northwesterly

t rack1100 1700 89.84 Cont inue on

1130 1730 93.34 28.45 33058 ' 105048.

1144 1744 94.14 28.7 34000 ' 105058, ... .... at float

1200 1800 340021 ' 06009' ... . . . . .

1230 1830 34005 ' 106023 ' .. .. .

1300 1900 34008' 106040' .. 6

1325 1925 34011' 106"48 ' .... .. .. .. .. ..

1949 0149 - 25 3400' 102"54 'f;aE .;at cli to subtayiiniit poilnt

We have not as vet obtained information conccrnini the exact SA("E

satellite subtangent point track for this sunset pass. Ilowv,,r, on the ba.;ic;

of gross orbital information (inclination: 55o; altitude: '48-h6() Kin; and

period: 96.8 min) , it can be shown that this point, track advance!; 'l on'; the,

Earth-Sun terminator, which is tilted about 200 from the meridian (or alont V

ENE by WSW direction) toward the end of May, at a rate of about 4.3 Km/sec.

Thus, during the approximate 20-second period occupied by the spacecraft in

sweeping through the altlt ude profile of i ntere;t , the satellitte subtanqcunt

point covers a distance alonq this direction of about 90 Km. It!; location

(for the 25 Kin level) at local sunset. (about 1949h MST) was predicted to be

at 34°N Lat, 102054 ' W Lonq. This point was approximately 207 Km from the

distance of closest approach of the balloon (which applies to the, 14 Km level).

However it should be kept in mind that this distanc,, i ; not necet;sai ily

meaningful owing to the temporal and spatial tactor!;, ani the local wintd

veloc'ity. A ip.rhaps mort, m 'aninqitil paramt(,v i i s t to ;e ; irit i Iwowoh (it I l t,

location of a qiven parcel of (previously sampled) air at the sub.sequent time

of tocal sunset, adr that of the spacecraft subtanient "point" 'This separation

distance c.an be estimated for each altitude on the assumption that th(, wind

velocity vector measured at the time of sampling (and :t the altitude of samp-

linq), remained unchanged during the ensuing elapsed time till sunset. The

parameters used for calculating these respective separation distances are

listed n Table TI.

TABLE I1

Calculated separation between sampling pointand satellite subtanqent point at local sunset

Approximate extrapol-

Averaqe Wind ated location of air SepAltitude Time increment Windspeed Direction parcel at local sunset Dist.

(Km) (MS'l')6.1-13.7 1430h-1500h 3.11 Km/mm From SW 36°50 ' 100030 ' 380 Km13.7-15.4 1500h-1515h 0.80 .. . SW 36020' 103000 ' 250 Km15.4-17.8 1515h-1530h 0.8( 0... SE 36040 ' 106020 ' 410 Km17.8-24.6 1530h-1603h 0.3[ .. . ESE 34010' I06040 ' 330 Km24.6-28.4 1i,30h-1730h 0.47 " " ESE 34012 106054 ' 370 Km

28.4-28.7 1730h-l OOOh 0.89 ESE 34025 ' 107035 ' 420 Km

Tho intended fliqht altitude profile was to be roughly symmetric in

time with respect to float altitude, the downleq portion commencinq about

one ha)f hour after reachinq float. Since the capacity of the on-board tape

recorder and battery power source was about 10 hours, the flight was scheduled

to terminate at about 1700h MST. The flight was prematurely terminated about

one hour atter reachinq float altitude owinq to a rupture in the helium

releaso mechanism electrical circuitry.

Dutrin,; the, last hour of the flight, the normal heating of the balloon

con tent'; caused (ntinued expansion and result-ant further buoyant rise. The

;ocsi a ted t roI onqed S olar hliatin of the payload contents, coupled with the

reduced condltiit-ivity ot thi, -'entinually diminishinq atmospheri< density,

requitf I in ircelor,ted tmpi-rature ri:; . of the lasor housino. Fortunately,

,,r hi,1 rf,(-,v(,ry condit ion!; (in part iular-, the, hower tropo:;pneric wind

v(,<ctor) ,ermi .ted ti-rmiriat ion () IIhe I iqht (early (nouqh to prevent f'erminent

dam, ;(, to the ,v hr and t.e *;s;i ated hi0h vol t.igc. cui try. ;ucces!: ful

rerovery ot the paylod wr; etff,(t ,d by c'arelul ly choo sin the termination

t.ime. ;, .1; to place fit( e ayhid touch-down point in1 torrain that was con-

verri( ert tor r ( v,,ry.

-4-

P tans for a second f 1 ight were can(el( I d upon (Ii! ;(Ov, ry t I, I Ith

volumetric sampling flow reduced with an increase in altitude. 'T..t: 'o-

ducted after the fliqht in the environmental 'hazib.r indicated t hat tfhis: waI'

repeatable, and also that the same effect could be reproduced with the spare

pump. Despite all subsequent attempts to account for this effect in terms

of various hypotheses (outgassinq of volatile contaiminants, component ntro J-

function, etc.), no satisfactory explanation has emer ed. In spite 'if thl ;

difficulty we were able to satisfy ourselves that the data eolletcd durinq

this flight were entirely valid (see Paraqraph 2.1).

The telemetry link functioned satisfactorily in that the anticipated

diagnostic information was received. However, it was found in pre- iJI gh

preparations that the data encoder samplinq r ite ; lected for this Part iculir

flight produced data bit rates that exceeded the dbita-handlinq capai Ii ty of

the PDP-11 hardware/software system. As a re:;ult, the real-tim sc ent ific

information that could be presented to the scilenti!:t was unsatislact ory. ()n

the other hand, the diagnostic data presentat ion format was adequat( and

served its purpose well.

A Tectronix 7000 series oscilloscope op,,erated in X-Y storai,,( mod', was

made available to us as a back-up to the PI)P-lI sy!;tem. This functio(ed well

enouqh to indicate that the concept of present inq the requisite real-time

scientific data is viable, given that the computer is provided with '11i ade-

quate hardware/software interface.

As a further check on the telemetry funt ion, the telemetered data,

recorded on the TM tape in 10-bit diqital form, wa,; processed at the W.(;MR

computer by stripping out. the aerosol c ounter (Lta to produce a 9-track

IBM-360 compatible format tape. This latter tape was pr(pared; but priority

considerations have not permitted a thorough c*heck of this tape to a!;certajIn

the sequence of the quality of the data transior trom reformatt-inq opcration.s

2. VALIDITY OF DATA

2.1 Sampling Flow Correction

The possibility that the unexplained occurrance of lower samplinq flow

rates at increased altitudes might have degraded the validity of the particle

sizing output because of resultant pulse width stretching and related pulse

height reduction associated with peak dctecti, m gatinq ,f fe t;, was explored.

A careful re-examination of experimental laboratory data collected several

years aglo was conduct-ed . This previous work involved the simulation of

reduced sampling flow rate effects by slowinq the transit of particles of

different known sizes across the sensing gap. These tests indicated that

appreciable degradation of particle sizing accuracy does not occur until the

volumetric samnpling flow rate is reduced to a value less than about 1/3 cm3/!sec.

Below this value, a correction factor which is a function of the output particiu

size would have to be utilized. Since all data reported here were collected

at hiqher samplingi flowrates, it was not necessary to apply a flow rate

correction fACtor.

2.2 s1ampling Efficiency vs. Particle Size

'revitits stratospheric data collected with this dlevice indicated that thi-

observed aerosol size distributions wore, characterized by exceedingly high

slopes (Ref. 4). This; raised some questions among members of the scientific

coinuini ty wi th regjard to the sampriinq efficiency of our device (Ref. 5) . These

ques.-tiour; cntainedi the impli it ascsumption that our device would somehow resuit

in I a rqer 1ir tic) es be in') set cc Live] y lost in the samplinmi tube- wal ls as the,

sa ,mp ti nq tidet critriicc tile t moves vcrtically through the atmosphere on its

rudleg or downlo(q portion0 of the ft ight

culr s t Ic caleul at ions- Werteorformed to examine this poss ibili ty on

thee r't ica] gjrounds . 'rhese( inrd icaXted tha t such an effect was ex ti me ly un-

I i ke 1,!-. k 'wevcr s ice thes;e cal1cu latitons necossari 1y inuvolvedl rather severe,

!mpIi fy ing assuript ions, and ;i rice more detailed calcutlat ions would( have

iTIVi iivet( Si(iIF iCalit add it ional1 expense, i t was docided to res--ort instead to

ext e( r i Min1t .Ac-ordin luIy , ain ant siratuos was desigined and fabric(a ted to s;imulate

the 1),1w c)) air acros:; the, ini] t tube.

Thre iparat us ()I-a e t-wo annular cylinode rs, the iWnor * of wi a

-el! r, a with Iiri;!- o tile o)ut it- eic. Rot ationr was; inilped with the

-iid ot a iiirinmrciai miet e :at irrer arranqomnt and a s;mall maginet f irmly

itLibl to ii th-inie r cyltider. Vis(os-ity of the air iii contaict withi tire

:;riO)tii siirtiu, (if thi!- intier rotatingi cyl indir would !s"t iup a -yliridricill

I low I io cid with in tl I'Annlul ar re i on . thel( annul ar a i t'ee I is a tuinct; in of

radt i; was rneasinrcr withI a sin-cii!ly fabricated at iiithriteIt pilot tube-.

'The 501iigq t ii wa!s inse(rto ithin il!;~ reoil at a point where the

Literal ii r-ewo was 170) srTi/:sec( (which o-Crtr' 1 ioj)-nd;; tro a l heir rise and/or

fall rate of about 340 ft/s(c) !i- the s;ystt m wa!,.; ; .l , Vc'ijt,': ari

brought to atmospheric pressure (after introdu.cinq I e-m (If room .Iir t4, y'(.I l

a particulate concentration of about I 1pe-r cm (omr',Iratlt' to that ol,.si-,vId it

elevated altitudes) with dry, fi Itered ni triqn S) ,i; to p-rovide a !,art icl.-

free ambient.

The inner cylinder was sooun to the i)redetrmind sPed, arid the air w,!.e

sampled continuously, (durinq which the pressure in the chamtber was reduced

accordingly, owing to the hermetic seal). At the end ot i erie-miinute s. I i riq

period approximately, the rotation was stopped, and as .soon as the airi-,

had reduced to zero, the second sample was rc'orded. 1Five such alterriat

samples were collected; meanwhile the total pressur, was reductd by about ')

atmosphere.

The results are depicted in Fiiure 1. The(,s iridicatfe that 11o ca

difference in both concentration as well as size distribution could be. ,tc, tetri

over the range of pressures; explored. Prom thi.; it may b(, con(1uded that t ,s

apprehensions prevalent in the community with r(qard to ;ampliIrq r ffi,-i n1'y

effects are largely without basis in fact.

3. RESULTS

The data have not been fully reduced as yet. iow .v(r , c(,rtin ;a 1ijent

features have become evident from this preliminary malysis that are )t eon-

siderable si jnificance and hence of interest to tie, ce(ntific community.

These are summarized here.

As seen from Figure 2, which depicts the irte(iral output for thre .i se

(-,0.3[1 diam, 0.4p and :O.511 respec.tively) as a fun:tion of altitude, it

appears that above 14 Km, the location of the trofo ,j)lii(,0 all trace of parti-

cles greater than 0.411 diameter disappj)eirs. The;e resu to a win(i qtj;'rt(,t

in the open literature (PRf. 6) in the heie of q norat i sq a subtantivk , dis-

cussion of the size distribution discrejalanei,.s between our data and ihos,,

derived with other instrumentation.

Since there has been relatively l ittle inject ion of particulate:; into

the stratosphere within recent years, and since the terminal fall rate- of

a 0.4 i diameter particle of density -- 2 is a few Km/year at It 'm, til

abence of all such particles in the st.ratosp)here, (i., atwovi 1.l Kmn i ;

plausible. 'The pres(.nce of ). Wj' particles, (under thi:; hyj,,th osis) would

-7-

7.4. - 14 01 1;

1, 7, P

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then seem to indicate that a separate source for these smaller particles

is op(rtivw, at least in the particular air mass sampled ill these measure-

ments. It :;hould be noted that the Mt. St. Helens debris cloud did not J~as::

anywhere near our location (Ref. 7). Thus our measurements may safely be

said to represent quiescent stratospheric conditions.

on the basis of our aerosol size distributions versus altitude, we have

been able to predict the tangential solar extinction of the SAGE measurements

at a] four wavelenTth channels (namely: 1.Ou , 0 .6p , 0.4 5p and 0.385p) , versus

altitude. ''his is shown in Fiqure 3. The main purpose of this exercise is to

determine, wliether the sizt, distributions characteristically observed by our

instrumnent correlate we]ll with spacecraft data, as a means of .,ub:,tantiatinq

the, validitv of our results. These predicted extinction value,; have locen for-

warded to messr:; M. P. Mccormick and L. McMasters; and we are awaiti:ng the

t-;A(', raw solar extinction data in exchange.

It our data are substantiated, greater credence can be given to our

content ion that the.se extinction predictions will differ considerably from

model values (Ref. H) presently incorporated in the data reduction algorithm

for invrtinq the A(GI.: solar extinction data to derive lateral and vertical

profi l ; of NO.) and 0 concontration. The algorithm utilizes the 1-micron

c'hann#,L as a measure of the aerosol contamination (since at this wavelength

neith(r of the above two minor atmospheric constituents absorbs approciably);

and cnitribution to the ext inction in the remaininq three wavelength channels

dris;inl from aerosols is deri\sd from an assumed size distribution model which

ditf r considerably from that. which we have observed.

,,; might be, expected from the steep er size distribution that ar,. observed

by our ins trument, u, 'orr,;pondJnq -AGE CI, orosol extinction versus wavelenqth

would l- currespondinqIly greater at shorter wavelengths (or conversely, lesser

at lng,,1 wavel(,nq(ths). ( )th, important implications of steel, size distri-

bht i n.; (e., ., the ,;tronq impact up'on source/sink exchange between solid and

vapor state of volatile atmospheric cos:;tituents) can also readily be- envisioned.

Pir)l ly, the ltjitldf. pldiles for depictinq the ibsolute particle con-

centirat ion each of 1 ,iidl an't 0.01 micron diamter sizinq bins covering the

rang( P,tween 0. I) andi (). 4i mi croln; diameter, inclus eiy, are presented in

Figures 4 through 11), r.;',,ct iv,,ly. ";nupfrimpos;r,,] on each is the profilt, of

0-

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Figure 3: Predicted altitude profiles of tanqentialextinction due to aerosols alone (>0. iI) for

the SAGE solar viewinq photometers; on 27 May/80in the vicinity of Holloman AFB, N. M.(105 0 -106 0 W, 330- 33.5'N)

-sl-

RV-1 27May/8()

Launch 0700 Loc al

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Alt it u h, (Kii)

- I U-

atmospheric dlensi ty taken from the US Staindard At no!;phde rt, 1,/, mi 1-

which can be used to der ivo, the altitude prot ii ito mixinq rat io. 'I'l.

plots show several i nteresti 11( features: I) tit h uana~ I (XIt r emOIY y ha rj- drI

of concentration within the first 2-3 kilomet.,i s alb0Ve thIL surface (

between b -7 Kin) 2) a geoneral tendency toward icreasinq conicent ration 1I" yciid

this break-poi nt (with minor but very de fini b f utue t on!; if) a chi*I!()

which amounts to a very broad but very shal low peak at about P) Ki (Wh i ch i:;

distinctly visible in the 0. 30, 0.31 and, to .a Ies;e r e'Xteri , ill the (I.I

3) a progressive tendency for larger particle:; to experience i a wfi

concentration at ever lower altitudes, 4) the !;uggestion of a sf'(condar y st eepI

drop) between 14 arid I t Kmn commencing( at 0.31 mic-ron and becomilnq joe I eASjfrl'y

pronounced at each succes, sive y I aroer size, and 1-iiallIy 1) the tacc t Iha t h(

atmospheric density profile doer- niot appear to be st-rongIly correlIated with

that of any of the part ic ic sizes. The ia tol repre'se ite'd in t hi! a illr wert

smoothed and then used as inputs for the ext i ict iot, cal ciu t ion!; shown ill

Figure 3.

AC KNOWLEDGEMENTS~c

I wish to thank my colleague, Mr. l oh n I '~hi Ios of, Fpsaii or.lbia oi

for the vigorous appl icat i ii of his c-Onl-- ide rab I instrument at ionl toal antS ~dexpertise throughout thi; s roq r-im, and all other Epa i Ion part ici 1)00t ; for thu u r

assistance. I am alsoi grateful to Mr. T'. Mainet feld (it the Aeros;Iuaot Inlsti il-

mentation Di vision, Bal loon lDes iqn and Fl iujht Aiialya;i:; [Oanch, to Mr. A. uiii

nlet t iind Mr. A. G;rit fi tt cut the R,11 looln llust rljuuunta in lullr"Incli lt tilt i r

cooperation during the field exercises, and( to cap'tai n k. 'itcr i nd al I ler -

sorne 1 of the halloo lak unch crew at De tachmnen t I , Hol lomon APH fu ur t If h

attentive conicern to all our many techinical nerds ulur in ()ul ut ty . o>pcc ia I

appreciation is also due to bouthi Mr. W. K. Vi-k,,ry oft th Aeru hr my Dinvii;itmu,

Compuos i tion Brarch , without whose in te r-s t and I anppocrt, t hi s ex ru i- -ound

niot havo bee n cinducted, ind] to Mr. I'. Dearbo)rn ()f the !411114' h~a~uh rthe il

c lose intfrar t ion dur inri the course of this; procj ram.

REFERENCES

1. Miranda, H. A., Jr., Dulchinos, J., and Miranda, Ii. 1,., "StratosphericBalloon Aerosol Particle Counter Measurements", Final Recport,Contract NQ. F19628-7.3-C-0138, Nov. 1973.

2. Miranda, H. A., Jr., and Dulchinos, J., "Balloon Measurements of Strato-spheric Aerosol Size Distributions Followinq a Volcanic Dust 1ncursiov",Final Report, Contract No. F19628-75-C-0004, Aug. 1975.

3. McCormick, M. P., et. al., "Satellite Studies of the Stratospheric Aerosol",Bull. Am. Met. SoC. 60, 1038 (1979).

4. Miranda, II. A., Jr., and Fenn, R., "Stratospheric Aerosol Sizes", Geolh%,s.Res. Lett., 1, 201 (1974).

5. Harris, F. S., "Measured and Analytical Distributions of StratosphericAerosols: A Reviow and Commentary", Paper delivered at A Topical MeetiiAtmospheric Aerosols: Their Optical Properties and Effects, Will iimsbui,;,VA, Dec. 13-15, 1976. P-MA2-1

Mir.inda, H. A., Jr., "Stratospheric Aerosol Measurements", Submitted for(Lblication to ;eo}phys. Res. Lett.

7. L:., Vol. (1, No. 31, July 29, 198(0, pp 555-7.

B. 'Cuh, W. P. and Mccormick, M. P., "Inversion of Stratospheric Aerosol and(aseouz Constituents from Spacecraft Solar Extinction Data in the0. 38 - I.Oum Wave]Inqth Region", Applied Optics, 18, 1404 (1979)

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