ADB Project to Preventing DSS & ADB Project to Preventing DSS &

Desertification in North East AsiaDesertification in North East Asia

Dr. Kebin Zhang

Consultant of ADB-DSS Project (ADB 6068)China National Training Center on Combating Desertification

Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China

Email: ctccd@bjfu.edu.cn

1. Background

One typical example was an especially severe sandstorm on the Western Route in 1993, affected by cold air from Siberia. It moved quickly southward from May 4 to 6, 1993, affecting a total area of 1.1 million sq km, from northern Xinjiang to the Hexi area of Gansu, western Inner Mongolia and most of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. The wind speed reached 37.9 m/s (greater than a Force 12 wind). The average wind speed was 21m/s (equal to a Force 8 wind), and the visibility was less than 50 m. The sandstorm caused great losses. In Xinjiang, Gansu, Inner Mongolia and Ningxia, 85 persons died and 264 were injured, 4,412 houses were destroyed, and 120,000 animals died or went missing. About 373,333 million hectares of crops were destroyed, over 2,000 km of ditches were buried, and transportation and telecommunications facilities were severed in some areas. The direct economic losses hit 550 million yuan, which further damaged the ecological environment and economic development.

Typical Sandstorm & Its impact in China

1993 年 5 月 5 日甘肃河西强沙尘暴

中国沙尘暴及其影响

每年冬春季节发生在中国北方以及蒙古国的沙尘暴天气，不仅给中国及蒙古（沙源区）造成严重影响，而且直接影响韩国以及日本甚至美国的大气质量，导致降尘天气；

2002 春季沙尘暴

中国沙尘暴路径

沙尘暴（黄沙）

2004 年春天北京沙尘暴

2004 年春天北京沙尘暴

3月 29 － 30 日中央电视台

Dust & sandstorm in China in past 50 yearsDust & sandstorm in China in past 50 years

沙尘暴危害

对土地资源的危害 对生产环境影响 对生活环境影响 对交通运输影响 对区域经济以及国民经济影响

Where the DSS come from

Desert & desertification of China: There are large area of deserts (which include deserts & Gobi) sand lands in northwest, north, and western of northeast of China. The total area of deserts and sandland in China reaches 712,900 km2. From west to east in China is Taklimakan Desert, Gurbantonggute Desert, Kumtage Desert, Badain Jaran Desert, Tengger Desert, Ulanbuhe Desert, Kubqi Desert, Mu Us Sandy Land, Otindag sandland, Kerqin Sandy Land and Hulunbeir Sandy Land.

Frequently DSS Resources region in ChinaFrequently DSS Resources region in China

Desert, Gobi & desertification in China (1994)

沙漠戈壁沙化土地沙地

荒漠化土地荒漠化土地 262262 万万 KM2KM2 ，占国土，占国土 27.3%27.3% ；； 风蚀荒漠化每年扩展风蚀荒漠化每年扩展 24602460 平方公里；平方公里； 中国受荒漠化影响的人口达中国受荒漠化影响的人口达 1.71.7 亿，占世界亿，占世界

受荒漠化威胁人口的受荒漠化威胁人口的 17%17% ；； 每年造成直接经济损失每年造成直接经济损失 540540 亿元。亿元。

塔克拉玛干塔克拉玛干

古尔班通古特古尔班通古特

库姆塔格库姆塔格

柴达木盆地柴达木盆地 腾格里腾格里

巴丹吉林巴丹吉林 乌兰布和乌兰布和库布齐库布齐

毛乌素毛乌素

浑善达克浑善达克科尔沁科尔沁

呼伦贝尔呼伦贝尔

荒漠化面积荒漠化面积 267.4267.4 万万 KM2KM2 ，近，近 28%28% 的国土已经荒漠化；的国土已经荒漠化；约占世界的约占世界的 7.3%7.3% ；；

风蚀荒漠化每年扩展风蚀荒漠化每年扩展 34363436 平方公里；平方公里； 中国受荒漠化影响的人口达中国受荒漠化影响的人口达 1.71.7 亿，占世界受荒漠化威亿，占世界受荒漠化威

胁人口的胁人口的 17%17% ；； 每年造成直接经济损失每年造成直接经济损失 640640 亿元。亿元。

荒漠化面积28%

美丽国土72%

Desert, Gobi & desertification in China (1994)

中国土地荒漠化原因

自然因素：干旱大风、植被稀疏、丰富的沙物质以及气候变化

人为活动：过渡开垦、过渡放牧、过度樵采以及乱挖药材、水资源不合理利用

深层次原因：人口压力、利益驱动、立法以及政策存在缺陷、执法不严、治理投资不足、管理存在缺陷等

中国荒漠化及沙尘暴（黄沙）监测体系

2. ADB Project to Prevent DSS2. ADB Project to Prevent DSSParticipants: 4 countries and 8 parts:UNEP, ADB, UNCCD, UNESCAPROK, Japan, Mongolia, China

Domestic coordinating bodies:Ministry of Finance;SEPA, SDRC, SFA, CMA

8 Chinese scientists as consultants:Meteorology, remote sensing, environmentsocial and investment, ecologist, forestry,

Prevention and Control of Dust and SandsPrevention and Control of Dust and Sandstorms torms

in Northeast Asiain Northeast Asia ：：

3. The Main Contents3. The Main Contents

Monitoring and forecasting network Out space, Atmospheres, GroundGround Control Pilot Sites 4 in China 4 in Mongolia and 1 in boundary of Erlianhot )

联国环境署 2004 年 3 月韩国济州岛（西归浦）

全球环境部长级会议及全球公民论坛

Measurement Used to Control DesertificationMeasurement Used to Control Desertification

Measurement Used to Control DesertificationMeasurement Used to Control Desertification

谢谢

Welcome to China !