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ADS-B Webinar

Ted LesterProduct ManagerProduct ManagerAugust 17, 2011

©2011 Avidyne Corporation. All rights reserved. 55 Old Bedford Road Lincoln, MA 01773 www.avidyne.com1

Agenda• About Myself• What is ADS-B?

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What is ADS B?• Types of ADS-B• Applications of ADS-B Out and InApplications of ADS B Out and In• FAA’s ADS-B Progress• FAA Mandate and Installation Approvalspp• International Mandates• New AXP340 Mode-S Transponder with ADS-B Out• TAS600A ADS-B Traffic Awareness System

S d ti i th W bE h t b h ld th• Send questions via the WebEx chat box, or hold them until the end


About MyselfAbout Myself• Ted Lester, Product Manager

B d i A id ’ Li l MA h d t• Based in Avidyne’s Lincoln, MA headquarters• Masters Degree from MIT in Aeronautics and

Astronautics• Worked at Avidyne since 2005• Started as a Systems Engineer and moved to

Product Management in 2009Product Management in 2009• Product Manager for TAS, TWX, and ADS-B

product lines responsible for coordinating d t d l t i i lproduct development, engineering, sales,

manufacturing, and service for those product linesFAA I t t R t d C i l Pil t d• FAA Instrument Rated Commercial Pilot and CFII


FAA ADS-B In ARCFAA ADS-B In ARC• I’m currently serving as Avidyne’s and one of GA’s representatives on

FAA’s ADS-B In Aviation Rulemaking Committee (ARC)s S at o u e a g Co ttee ( C)

• Follow on to ADS-B Out ARC which guided FAA’s mandate creation and public comment incorporation

• Committee’s charter is to “define a strategy for incorporating ADS-B In technologies into the National Airspace System” which couldinvolve guiding an ADS-B In Mandate.

• Other members include:

• Lobbying groups (NBAA, ATA, GAMA, AOPA, ALPA, NATCA)

• Airplane manufacturers (Boeing, Airbus)

• Avionics manufacturers (ACSS, Honeywell, Rockwell-Collins)

• Airlines (UPS, United, Continental, US Airways…)

• Government (FAA, DoD, NASA, MITRE, MIT)

Fi l t d t FAA i S t b


• Final report due to FAA in September

What is ADS-B?What is ADS-B?

• Not “adds-bee” “A D S B ”• Not adds-bee , A. D. S. B.• Automatic

• Messages are sent out gperiodically without interrogation (unlike transponder)

• Dependent• Dependent on a position source

onboard the aircraft

• Surveillance-• Primary purpose is for ATC to

know where aircraft are

• BroadcastBroadcast• Messages are broadcast to

everyone not just sent to specific receivers

www.ads‐b.com


Dual LinksDual Links• FAA went with dual links in 2002 and confirmed in 2010 ADS-B Out rulemaking

for 3 principal reasons: 1. Frequency congestion on 1090 MHz (assumed 3x fleet growth from 2000 to 2025, problems with

even 2x fleet growth)

2. UAT avionics believe to be cheaper for GA (If 1090ES coupled with transponder, maybe, but UAT requires separate control head)q p )

3. UAT provided free weather to GA (before widespread XM/Sirius datalink weather)

• 1090ES1090 MH E d d S i ( f d li )• 1090 MHz Extended Squitter (same frequency as transponder replies)

• Mode-S transponder that sends out additional ADS-B information periodically in addition to replying to SSR and TCAS interrogations

Required above FL180 in US after 2020 and in Europe after 2017 for aircraft over 12 500 lbs• Required above FL180 in US after 2020 and in Europe after ~2017 for aircraft over 12,500 lbs

• International standard – may be required in Australia, Canada, Mexico, and elsewhere

• UAT• 978 MHz – less crowded frequency since not used by SSR and TCAS

• Synchronized CDMA – Code Division Multiple Access so requires precise (GPS) timing device

• Additional bandwidth for additional datalink data (e g FIS-B)


Additional bandwidth for additional datalink data (e.g. FIS B)

• Can share antenna with Mode-C transponder through coupler

ADS-RADS-R


FAA SBS ICD Draft 0.64

5 Acronyms You Should Know5 Acronyms You Should Know• ADS-B (“A, D, S, B”)

• Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast

• ADS-R (“A, D, S, R”)

• Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Rebroadcast

• TIS-B (“Tizz B”)

• Traffic Information Service – Broadcast (Not Mode-S TIS)

• FIS-B (“Fizz B”)( )

• Fight Information Service – Broadcast

• CDTI (“C D T I”)CDTI ( C, D, T, I )

• Cockpit Display of Traffic Information


Avidyne EX600 as a CDTIAvidyne EX600 as a CDTI


ADS-B ApplicationsADS-B Applications

• ADS B Out Applications• ADS-B Out Applications• ATC services where there is no current radar

(e g Gulf of Mexico Alaska low altitude airspace(e.g. Gulf of Mexico, Alaska, low altitude airspace, radar failure/maintenance)

• Enhanced ATC services – ADS-B data is fused with radar and presented to controllers allowingwith radar and presented to controllers allowing faster update rates and position updates between radar sweeps

– Allow more efficient controller vectors– Earlier “radar contact” due to lower level ADS-B coverage

• Better ground surveillance at ASDE X airports• Better ground surveillance at ASDE-X airports• Improved last position data for search and rescue


“Current” ADS-B In Applicationspp

• The following applications are TSO’d (C195The following applications are TSO d (C195, 9/27/10):

Generic DO-317 Initial Application Requirements Focus Group NotesApplication Name

Name Application Name

Airborne Enhanced Visual Acquisition (EVAcq)

Enhanced traffic situational awareness during flight

i (ATSA AIRB)

See other traffic on CDTI with additional data

operations (ATSA-AIRB)

Approach Enhanced Visual Approach (EVApp)

Enhanced visual separation on approach (ATSA-VSA)

Select another aircraft to get additional information

Surface (Runways & Taxiways)

Airport Surface Situational Awareness (ASSA) / Final Approach Runway Occupancy Awareness (FAROA)

Enhanced traffic situational awareness on the airport surface (ATSA-SURF)

See other aircraft on taxiways, runways, and traffic pattern

(FAROA)

Surface (Runways Only)

Final Approach Runway Occupancy Awareness (FAROA)

No Equivalent See other aircraft on runways and traffic pattern

©2011 Avidyne Corporation. All rights reserved. 55 Old Bedford Road Lincoln, MA 01773 www.avidyne.com

“Current” ADS-B In ApplicationsCurrent ADS-B In Applications

FIS B R i UAT ADS B I d MFD/EFB• FIS-B: Requires UAT ADS-B In and MFD/EFB


FAA SBS ICD Draft 0.64

Future Potential ADS-B In Applications• Surface with Indications and

Alerts (SURF-IA)( )– Undergone prototype trials at

PHL, SEA– Requires higher accuracy than

mandate– Line of sight issues

• In Trail Procedures (ITP)– Oceanic air carriers only

• Flight Deck Interval Management and Spacing (FIM-S) and Interval Management DelegatedManagement-Delegated Separation (IM-DS)

– Air carrier applications– Supported by ADS-B In ARC

H ll d ACSS SURF IApp y

Honeywell and ACSS SURF‐IA displays on King Air, Cessna Sovereign, and US Air A330


More Future Potential ADS-B ApplicationsMore Future Potential ADS-B Applications• Airborne Traffic Situational Awareness with Alerts (TSAA)

• TSAA is the next step beyond “Airborne” ADS-B application in providingTSAA is the next step beyond Airborne ADS B application in providing visual and audible alerts to pilots of threatening traffic.

• Uses ADS-B In information to create alerts for the pilot similar to TAS or TCAS alerts (no RAs), but improved based on more accurate ADS-B ( ), pdata and potentially a database of airports and runways

• Algorithm development is going to be focused on GA operating environment including in the traffic pattern and helicopter operations

• MIT with partner Avidyne received contract from the FAA to prototype, demonstrate, and draft standards for the TSAA application

• FAA funding because of the benefits for non-TCAS usersFAA funding because of the benefits for non TCAS users

• Schedule:• Application development and simulations: through 2011

• Flight tests and refinements: 2012

• MOPS and TSO published, available for all manufacturers: mid-2013


Even More Potential ADS-B In Applications

©2011 Avidyne Corporation. All rights reserved. 55 Old Bedford Road Lincoln, MA 01773 www.avidyne.com15FAA Application Integrated Work Plan (AWIP) v2.0

X

FAA’s ADS-B ProgressFAA s ADS-B Progress

Segment 1 / Segment 2 Roll Out

Timeframe: Key:

Segment 1 2007 – 2010

Segment 2 2010 - 2014


Adapted from FAA SBS Brief to ADS‐B In ARC, 7/1/10

Coverage from Radio Stations


Courtesy ITT

ITT ADS-B Ground Station Equipment

N

1090 AntennasUAT

Wind Sensor

VHF

AWOS S S it

VHF


Com Room - ITT Radios and CDP

AWOS Sensor Suite


ITT ADS-B Control Center


Photo courtesy of ITT

ADS-B Versions and CertificationsADS-B Versions and Certifications

Two links: UAT (978 MHz) and 1090 MHz Extended• Two links: UAT (978 MHz) and 1090 MHz Extended Squitter (1090ES)

• Three different revisions to ADS-B spec:Three different revisions to ADS B spec:• Version 0: 1090ES, DO-260 MOPS• Version 1: 1090ES TSO-C166a (DO-260A), UAT TSO-C154b (DO-( ) (

282A) • Added separate integrity (NIC) and accuracy (NAC) fields

• Version 2: 1090ES TSO C166b (DO 260B) UAT TSO C154c (DO• Version 2: 1090ES TSO-C166b (DO-260B), UAT TSO-C154c (DO-282B) – December 2009

• Changed how NIC, NAC, SIL are set and added medium power single antenna classsingle antenna class

• Created in response to ADS-B Out ARC’s recommendations after NPRM comments


US ADS-B MandateUS ADS-B Mandate• Version 2 ADS-B Out TSO-C166b (1090ES) or TSO-C154c (UAT)• ADS-B Out required in certain airspace on January 1 2020 (similarADS B Out required in certain airspace on January 1, 2020 (similar,

but not identical to current Mode-C airspace)• Class A, B, and C airspace

C f S S• Class E airspace areas at or above 10,000 feet MSL over the 48 contiguous United States and the District of Columbia, excluding the airspace at and below 2,500 feet above the surface

• Airspace within 30 nautical miles (NM) of certain identified airports that are among the space t 30 aut ca es ( ) o ce ta de t ed a po ts t at a e a o g t enation’s busiest (based on annual passenger enplanements, annual airport operations count, and operational complexity) from the surface up to 10,000 feet MSL. These airports are listed in appendix D to part 91.

• Above the ceiling and within the lateral boundaries of a Class B or Class C airspace area up• Above the ceiling and within the lateral boundaries of a Class B or Class C airspace area up to 10,000 feet mean sea level (MSL)

• Class E airspace over the Gulf of Mexico at and above 3,000 feet MSL within 12 NM of the coastline of the United States

• 1090ES required above FL180 (Class A airspace)• The rule does not preclude aircraft from equipping with both the

1090ES and UAT or general aviation equipping with 1090ES


1090ES and UAT or general aviation equipping with 1090ES

Required ADS-B Airspace (In Green)Required ADS-B Airspace (In Green)



Mandated Performance Requirementsq

Value Equivalencies / DescriptionsValue Equivalencies / DescriptionsNACp 8 Horizontal position accuracy < 92.6 meters (0.05 NM)

NACv 1 Horizontal velocity accuracy < 10 meters per second

NIC 7 C t i t di 0 2 NM (370 t )NIC 7 Containment radius < 0.2 NM (370 meters)

SDA 2 Per flight hour probability of an avionics system failure causing false or misleading information to be transmitted from the aircraft ≤ 1x10-5 (Any TSO’d GPS meets this per AC20-165)p )

SIL 3 Per flight hour or per sample probability of exceeding the horizontal NIC containment radius ≤ 1x10-7

Latency Uncompensated latency ≤ 0.6 secondsy yMaximum total latency ≤ 2.0 seconds

Transmit Power

16-watt minimum for 978 MHz125-watt minimum for 1090 MHz ES

Conclusion: WAAS GPS (Needs to output Version 2 parameters)Airliners may be able to use SA Aware GPS in existing MMR


US Installation ApprovalUS Installation Approval• AC 20-165 (December 2009) – ADS-B Out Only

• Guidance for installation and airworthiness approval of ADS B Out systems in aircraft for• Guidance for installation and airworthiness approval of ADS-B Out systems in aircraft for TC and STC applicants

• Barometric altitude source must be same as transponder

• Mode A code and Ident indication need to be included in ADS-B message so must eitherMode A code and Ident indication need to be included in ADS B message, so must either hook up to transponder or have separate ADS-B controller (not recommended)

• No stand alone 1090ES transmitters, must be integrated with transponder

• Significant latency requirements, unclear if non-integrated GPS source will be adequate, g y q , g q ,must at least be TSO-C145 or C146

• Must perform flight test with FAA ground station with FAA data analysis (once per ADS-B equipment/position source combination)

DRAFT AC 90 ADSB i d f P bli C i J• DRAFT AC 90-ADSB issued for Public Comment in June• Provides guidance on obtaining operational approval for use of ADS-B Out in accordance

with 14 CFR 91.225 and 91.227

• No operational approval required for Part 91 ops, but some other operations require FAA approval prior to ADS-B usage

• No FSDO field approvals of ADS-B systems until further notice

N TSO’d i t t b d t l ith th d t


• Non-TSO’d equipment cannot be used to comply with the mandate

ADS-B in Australia• ADS-B OUT equipment mandated for aircraft operating above FL290

after December 12, 2013If ADS B i i d l t il f ti l (i i t– If ADS-B is carried voluntarily for operational purposes (in any airspace at any altitude), it must be approved equipment

– Equipment must make specific flight identification transmissions Must be operated continuously– Must be operated continuously

– Non-approved equipment must be deactivated

• ADS-B delivers both environmental & economic benefits through:– improved aircraft access to preferred routes and levels– more efficient diversions around restricted areas and weather– increased accuracy of navigation.

• Other ADS-B safety & operational benefits include:– Positive ATC identification while within ADS-B coverage– No requirement for position reporting while identifiedNo requirement for position reporting while identified– Identified aircraft receive priority over non-identified aircraft– Route and altitude conformance monitoring– ATC safety net alerting functions (e g short term conflict alert and dangerous area


ATC safety net alerting functions (e.g. short term conflict alert and dangerous area infringement warning)

ADS-B Coverage Area – Australia (@10,000 ft.)

28 of 43 sites now on line


now on line.

ADS-B Coverage Area – Australia (@20,000 ft.)

28 of 43 sites now on line


now on line.

ADS-B in Europe• The European Commission issued a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking

in 2009 that would mandate 1090-ES ADS-B Out after February 5, 2015 f i ft 12 500 lb i d t th 250 kt2015 for aircraft over 12,500 lbs or cruise speed greater than 250 kts.

• Europe chose 1090-ES since it works with their existing Mode-S Elementary Surveillance (ELS) and Enhanced Surveillance (EHS)Elementary Surveillance (ELS) and Enhanced Surveillance (EHS) mandates.


Oshkosh 2011Introducing:

Plug & Play, Panel-Mounted g y,Avionics Stack from Avidyne

“The Easy Choice”


The Avidyne “Stack”The Avidyne StackAMX240

PFD4000IFD540

PFD4000

Aircraft owners will now be able to AXP340Aircraft owners will now be able to purchase a complete retrofit ‘plug & play’ avionics stack from a i l th t i l d

DFC90

single company, that includes: PFD, FMS/GPS/NAV/COM, Audio Panel, Transponder and Autopilot.


, p p

Avidyne AXP340 Mode S TransponderAvidyne AXP340 Mode S Transponder• AXP340 Transponder with Extended Squitter (ES) meets

ADS-B Out mandates in US and around the world– Version 2: TSO C166b (DO-260B)

• Panel mounted Class 1 (240Watt), Mode S, Level 2 1090MHz Datalink Transponder with Extended Squitterp q

• Plug & Play - Slide-in replacement for the popular KT76A & KT78A Mode A/C Transponders for easy upgradeability.

• Vibration testing to support both fixed-wing and rotorcraft• Vibration testing to support both fixed-wing and rotorcraft installations

• List Price $5,995 available 1st half 2012


AXP340 FeaturesAXP340 Features

• Direct-entry numeric keypad, based on keyboard layout familiar to PC and smart phone users

• MODE button cycles through: STBY, ON, ALT. Automatic GND mode with y g , ,WOW or airspeed switch installed. Hold to turn unit off.

• FUNC button cycles through: Squawk code entry (default), flight ID entry, stop watch, flight timer, GPS position monitor, and altitude alerteratc , g t t e , G S pos t o o to , a d a t tude a e te

• GPS for ADS-B Out via Serial Input– Avidyne GPS (including R9 and IFD540)

G i GNS430W/530W GTN650/750– Garmin GNS430W/530W, GTN650/750– Free Flight Model 1201/1204– NexNav mini-T WAAS GPS


AXP340 as part of a complete ADS-B SolutionAXP340 as part of a complete ADS-B Solution• AXP340 for ADS-B Out

Connect to IFD540 or other GPS for WAAS source– Connect to IFD540 or other GPS for WAAS source• TAS600A for ADS-B In Traffic

– Connect to any existing traffic display for basic ADS-B functionality: 1090ES targets at further range and betterfunctionality: 1090ES targets at further range and better accuracy than active TAS

– Additional ADS-B data on compatible displays like EX600, IFD540IFD540

– Retains Active Traffic protection that ADS-B alone can’t provide


Why is an Active Traffic System still important?Why is an Active Traffic System still important?

A ti T ffi S t (TAS TCAS) M d A C• Active Traffic Systems (TAS, TCAS) use Mode-A, C, or S transponder interrogations to determine bearing distance and altitudebearing, distance, and altitude• Aircraft will still be required to have Mode C or S transponder

• 3 reasons Active Traffic is still valuable:• 3 reasons Active Traffic is still valuable:1. Through 2020 will have mixed equipage environment

2 ADS R d TIS B t t d t i ti i ll2. ADS-R and TIS-B not guaranteed to existing in all areas even after 2020 and have latency and update rate issues

3. Active traffic is independent of GPS – during periods of poor3. Active traffic is independent of GPS during periods of poor satellite geometry or solar storms ADS-B accuracy may degrade. FAA is using SSR as backup.


Avidyne’s ADS-B RoadmapAvidyne s ADS-B Roadmap

AXP340 M d S T d ith ADS B O t• AXP340 Mode-S Transponder with ADS-B Out –1st half 2012

• TAS600A – Beginning of 2012• TAS600A – Beginning of 2012• Customers can lock in $2,000 upgrade price now• Provisioned for TSAA ADS-B In application

• Future Plans• TSAA ADS-B In Products

• True TSO’d ADS-B Traffic Alerting designed for GA operations

• Combined 1090ES and UAT ADS-B In?Combined 1090ES and UAT ADS B In?


TimelineTimeline

Avidyne AXP340 & TAS600A Available FAA ADS‐B Mandate

ADS‐B In Applications fully defined

2011 2012 2013 2014 20200 0 0 3 2014 0 0

Buy ADS-B In TAS600A ADS-B U d ADS B I

Sit back and relax

Buy ADS B In upgradable

TAS (AML STC)

TAS600A ADS B In upgrade & Equip

with ADS-B Out

Upgrade ADS-B In system to have all

needed ADS-B applications

Get protectedUpgrade or add MFD

Get protected.Safety benefits now!

Full ADS‐B In benefits available


www ads-bee comwww.ads-bee.com

Q ti ?• Questions?• If you have additional questions, please post them

A id Lion www.AvidyneLive.com

• Avidyne Sales: 1-800-AVIDYNE


AXP340 DescriptionAXP340 Description

• Panel-Mounted Class 1 Mode S Level 2 Datalink Transponder with 1090 MHz Extended Squitter (1090ES) ADS-B Out

– Class 1 means power (240W) for flights up to 35,000 ft (Class 2 is less power for VFR in Europe)VFR in Europe)

– Mode S: Responds to selective interrogations from ground radars and TCAS to reduce frequency congestions

– Level 2 Datalink: Can send data like ICAO code, receive TIS• Supports Elementary Surveillance• Supports Elementary Surveillance

– Required in parts of Europe– Provides 25 ft altitude resolution (with appropriate altitude encoder), ICAO code, etc.

• 1090ES ADS-B Out– Version 2: TSO C166b (DO-260B)– Will comply with AC 20-165 for ADS-B Out installations in US.


AXP340 InterfacesAXP340 Interfaces

• Gray Code and Serial Altitude Inputs• Serial Altitude Output• External Standby Input (for dual transponder installations)• External Standby Input (for dual transponder installations)• Weight on Wheels Input (can also be airspeed switch)• External Ident Input• GPS for ADS-B Out via Serial Input

– Avidyne GPS (including R9 and IFD540)– Garmin GNS430W/530W, GTN650/750Garmin GNS430W/530W, GTN650/750– Free Flight Model 1201/1204– NexNav mini-T WAAS GPS


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