advanced gerund inf
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Complex Structures
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Passive gerund (being done) Passive infinitive (to be done)
Use: To describe actions which are done to the subject.
She loves being told how beautiful she is. My car needs to be serviced
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Perfect gerund ( having done) Perfect infinitive ( to have done)
Use: when we want to emphasize an action that is completed or in the past.
Having studied one language before makes it easier to learn another.
By the time I’m 30 I hope to have started a business
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Often there is no difference between a simple gerund or infinitive and a perfect gerund or infinitive.
Compare: He denied stealing/having stolen the
money. We were silly not to lock/not to have
locked the car.
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Perfect infinitive is used after: Would like Would love Would hate Would prefer Would rather
Refers to an earlier action.
I would like to see the Eiffel tower I would like to have seen the Eiffel tower
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(to be + verb + ing)
Use an action is in progress around the time of use.
I’d like to be lying on the beach right now!
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A gerund is used after certain expressions with it or there.
E.g. There is no point worrying It’s not worth thinking about.
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Used after nouns formed from verbs which take the infinitive.
Agree/plan/hope etc.
Our plan is to take the CAE in June.
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After expressions with quantifiers: enough, too much, a lot etc..
Is there anything to eat?
When we want to refer to the subject of the infinitive verb we use for + person or object pronoun before the infinitive.
It’s very difficult for me to decide what to do.
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After something, anywhere etc. After question words (except why) After superlatives and first, second, last
etc.