Advances in MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Volume I Design and Manufacturing

EDITOR

T.S. Mruthyunjaya

Narosa Publishing House New Delhi Madras Bombay Calcutta

Contents

Conference Organisation v Preface v//

VOLUME I: DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING

I. Mechanisms, Robotics and Design 1-478

1. Parallel power paths and compactness of gear transmissions 3 K. Lakshminarayana

Computer Aided Design

2. A comprehensive approach to grid generation over complex piecewise parametric surfaces 17

S. Gopalsamy, T.S. Reddy, Dinesh Shikhare and S.P. Mudur

3. A framework for domain control in domain independent feature recognition 31

B.R. Lanka and MM. Deshpande

4. Intersection of parametric surfaces employing quadtree modeis 45 Puneet Tandon

5. Automated feature extraction from 2D part drawings of mechanical components 53

L. Krishnanand, A.A. Siddiqi, Subhasis Mandat, A.S. Prabhu, G. Srihari and R.L. Murty

6. An interactive CAD Software for screw conveyors 65 V.P. Sivan, K.R. Shankar and M.S. Shunmugam

7. A method for evaluation and interpolation of involute profiles 75 T.S.R. Murthy

Mechanisms

8. A centro-based characterization of singularities in the workspace of planar closed-loop manipulators 83

Dibakar Sen and T.S. Mruthyunjaya

9. On mathematical modelling for the elastic coupler response of planar four-bar linkage with possible speed perturbation at crank 101

K.C. Makwana and K.N. Gupta

x Contents

10. On the contribution of kineto-elastodynamic inertia to dynamic behaviour of flexible mechanisms 115

Y.-Q. Yu and M.R. Smith

I L A high efficient frequency analysis method for closed flexible mechanism Systems 123

Zhang Xianmin, Liu Jike and Shen Yunwen

12. Hinge line definition of antenna by screw theory 135 B.P. Nagaraj, B.S. Nataraju and H.S. Vijayalakshmi

13. A review on locomotion Systems 145 D.V. Ramamurthy, P.C. Krishnamachary and B. Srinivasa Rao

14. Branching determination in spatial mechanisms 153 Sundar Krishnamurty, Harsh Soni and Jawaharlal Moriappan

15. Synthesis of an adjustable four bar function generator for optimal structural error with six accuracy points 169

P.M. Bapat and J.P. Modak

16. A new method of dimensional synthesis about planar linkage function generators FFT analysis method 187

Chu Jinkui, Cao Weiqing and L. Chuanyi

17. Systemics of Assur groups with multiple joints 193 Chu Jinkui and Cao Weiqing

Robotics and Control

18. A Newton-Euler formulation for the inverse dynamics of the Stewart platform manipulator 199

Bhaskar Dasgupta and T.S. Mruthyunjaya

19. Dexterous mechanisms for robot locomotion 219 K.N. Umesh

20. Design and development of a general robot programming System 235 K. Ramakrishna and R. Chinnasamy

21. Robotic de vice for power reactor maintenance 247 R.K. Modi, D. Venkatesh, B.C. Pal, K. Jayarajan, D.G. Zende and M.S. Ramakumar

22. Modular master-slave manipulator 255 B. Sony, V. Mahadev, B.C. Pal, M.G. Radke and M.S. Ramakumar

23. Development of a space robot—Indian scenario 263 G. Nagesh and R. Chinnasamy

24. A technique for precise control at low velocities 277 Hongliu Du, Venkatesh Rao and Satish S. Nair

Contents xi

25. Model based control of a 5 axis AC servo manipulator 287 J. Ravikiran, T.K.V. Gopal, TA. Dwarakanath and A. Ghosal

26. Upper and lower limit force control through Virtual dissipative foundation 297 S. Mohan Kumar, R. Karmakar and A. Mukherjee

27. Tactile sensor: Robot integrated surface testing 311 T.A. Dwarakanath, G.R. Mujumdar, D. Venkatesh and M.S. Ramakumar

Engineering Design

28. Generation and exploration of conceptual design Solutions on Computers 321 Amaresh Chakrabarty and Thomas P. Bligh

29. A value-centered model of product design, development and delivery 333 Srikanth Kannapan and S. Desa

30. Descriptive studies: A starting point for research in engineering design 341 5. Dwarakanath, Lucienne Blessing and Ken Wallace

31. A Computer model for the preliminary design of mechanical Systems 363 A.N.N. Murthy and TS. Mruthyunjaya

32. Fast point-solution techniques in engineering analysis 385 K. Suresh

33. Total design concept of Springs—A novel approach using MADM methodology 401

Ashish Bhateja, V.P. Agrawal and K. Athre

34. Research in engineering at Delft Industrial Design Faculty 425 P.V. Kandachar

35. Destructive design for disassembly to support DFE: A Virtual prototyping approach 441

Kyonghun Lee and Rajit Gadh

36. Study of Variation in zero gravity compensation during solar array deployment, utilising an overhead Suspension system 467

CD. Sridhara, N.C. Bhat and K. Vijayaprakash Rao

IL Manufacturing and Materials 479-900

Computer Aided Manufacturing

37. Feature free CNC cutter path generation 481 Krishnan Ramaswami and Fritz B. Prinz

38. Product Information management to support concurrent engineering for cast components 493

B. Ravi

xii Contents

39. XAPPS—An expert System for automated process planning of 507 rotational components

G.K. Nanaware, S. Krishnamoorthy and E. Prakash

40. Computer aided tool management System 519 G.S. Dangay ach, K. Ravi Raju, P.N. Rao and D.R. Prasada Raju

41. Just in time philosophy—Its customization (A case study) 537 Ashish Bhateja

42. Rough machining of cavities defined by sculptured surfaces 549 T. Sivakumar, R. Krishna Kumar and V. Radhakrishnan

43. Ceramic grinding analysis using wheel topography and kinematic Simulation 561

G. Sathyanarayanan, L.J. Plebani, I.J. hin and M.K. Chen

44. Adaptation of neural network for effecting knowledgeable manufacturing System 569

5. Kumudha, Y.G. Srinivasa and R. Krishnamurthy

45. Feature grammar: The tool for part description in CAPP Systems 579 E. Prakash and S. Krishnamoorthy

46. Tool wear recognition in drilling through neural networks 603 M. Subrahmanyam and C. Sujatha

Manufacturing

47. Sheet formability of a novel Al-Li-Cu alloy for manufacturing critical components for Strategie aerospace applications 625

D. Ravikumar and K. Swaminathan

48. An integrated approach to design in sheet metal forming 637 R. Palani and K. Narasimhan

49. Constraint factor: A quantitative measure of strain distribution in sheet metal formed components 651

Prashant P. Date

50. Manufacture of thin walled medium carbon alloy steel tubes by flow forming process 659

C.S.K. Prasadarao and M. Komaraiah

51. Ultrasonics for manufacture of high quality thrust bearing shoes 667 R.K. Singal

Manufacturing Processes

52. Thermal aspects of surface finishing process 677 Srinivasan Chandrasekar, Thomas N. Farris, Vispi H. Bulsara, Scott A. Hucker, Rajadasa R. Hebbar and James B. Mann

Contents xiii

53. The analysis of residual stress in turning and grinding of AISI 52100 hardened steel 703

O. Novaski, D. Damasceno, L.N. Coppini and V. Medeiros

54. Acoustic emission technique applied to CNC milling of composite materials 711

N.S. Venkataraman, G.S. Kandasami, L. Karunamoorthy and T. Velchamy

55. An empirical model of material removal in abrasive jet machining 723 P.M. Khodke and DJ. Tidke

56. Life enhancement of agricultural implements by heat treatment techniques 739 Sanjay Soni, G. Dixit and H.K. Khaira

57. Oxygen in SMAW and GMAW processes 753 Tomasz Wegrzyn

Materials

58. The Variation of dynamic elastic modulus with matrix microstructures in an alloyed ductile iron 759

S.R. Pundale, G. Nadkarni, S.P. Gokhale and P. Kielczynski

59. Prediction of biaxial behaviour of flexible fabric composite utilizing the uniaxial test results 769

Aniruddha Mitra and Shen-Yi Luo

60. Fibre metal laminates—A material for the future aircraft 781 Alta Y.N. Choi and A. Asundi

61. Studies on cavitation erosion of cast irons with dissimilar graphite morphologies 803

S. Y. Buni, N. Raman and S. Seshan

62. Deformation and tensile damage of a fibre-reinforced titanium-matrix composite 817

W.O. Soboyejo, B.M. Rabeeh, P. Ramasundaram and T.S. Srivatsan

63. Some studies on the combined behaviour of PCB and aluminum plate 833

M. Guru Shankar, K. Srinivasan and B. Ramakrishna

64. The interface profile during the lamelar eutectic stable growth 843 Gheorghe Dumitrascu, Constantin Baciu and Bogdan Horbaniuc

Foundry Science

65. Numerical analysis of the relation between the growth rate and the withdrawal rate during the controlled eutectical growth 851

Bogdan Horbaniuc, Constantin Baciu and Gheorghe Dumitrascu

xiv Contents

66. Squeeze casting of Al-7Si-0.3Mg alloy: Effect of iron impurity and beryllium trace addition on fracture toughness 859

S. Murali, Amit M. Trivedi, K.S. Shamanna and K.S.S. Murthy

67. Air-gap formation and solidification studies in sand mould 871 H.B. Naik, A.K. Dave and V.G. Desai

68. Performance of two-level and three-level schemes for solidification problems 885

K.P. Desai, H.B. Naik and A.K. Dave

VOLUME II: MECHANICS AND THERMAL SCIENCES

III. Applied Mechanics and Tribology 901-1370

69. On the analysis of time-periodic nonlinear dynamical Systems 903 S.C. Sinha

Dynamics and Vibration

70. Studies on universal State of balance of a flexible rotor 929 J.S. Brar and K.N. Gupta

11. Vibro acoustics of hoses 943 M.L. Munjal and P.T. Thawani

72. Wave propagation through three-beam joints 971 Haiming Zhou and Mohan D. Rao

73. Impact response of a fibre reinforced composite plate subjected to a line load 981

P. Mahajan and R.K. Mittal

74. Stationary response of a four dof vehicle model with look ahead preview 995

S. Senth.il and S. Narayanan

75. Linear modelling the Simulation of railway car body with coventional and unconventional wheel set 1007

K.N. Gupta, P. Mannar Jawahar and M. Senthil Kumar

Tribology

76. Lubrication of an externally pressurized thrust bearing with non-Newtonian lubricants 1015

A. Kandasamy

11. Sliding wear studies of plasma sprayed A1203, Ti02 ceramics in dry and lubricated contacts 1025

V. Krishna Kumar, S. Swarnamani, D.M. Reddy and K. Mukhopadyay

Contents xv

78. Performance characteristics of an elastothermohydrodynamic three lobe bearing 1041

Ranisree V. Nair, Lincy T. Sobu and K. Prabhakaran Nair

79. Tribological use of copper and iron based compositions for porous joumal bearings 1061

Sriram Venkatesh and Satish B. Purohit

80. Wear studies on thermoplastic (polymers)-sliding against EN-21 steel in dry condition 1071

S. Dixit and G. Dixit

Vibrations/Condition Monitoring

81. An object-oriented program framework for predictive 1079 maintenance in rotordynamics

Bernhard P. Bettig and Ray P.S. Han

82. Condition monitoring of cracked rotors through transient response 1097 A.S. Sekhar and B.S. Prabhu

83. Data based behaviour monitoring and maintenance planning of paper production System 1113

Navneet Arora and Dinesh Kumar

84. Behavioural analysis and terotechnological maintenance planning of crystallization system in a urea fertilizer plant 1121

Sunand Kumar, Dinesh Kumar and N.P. Mehta

85. Vibrations of a cracked rotor system with different types of Journal bearing 1131

P. Arumugam, S. Swarnamani and B.S. Prabhu

86. System identification and condition monitoring by modal testing method 1145 C. Jebaraj, K. Lakshmi Narayana and R. Prabhu Venkatesh

Fracture and Fatigue

87. Evaluation of interfacial fracture parameters under impact loading conditions 1159

Hareesh V. Tippur and Urning Xu

88. Fracture caused by collision of brittle solids 1169 N.F. Morozov, Y.V. Petrov and B.N. Semenov

89. Fatigue crack growth predictions of mixed mode loading 1173 V. Srinivas and P. Vasudevan

90. Effect of Cr content on the fracture toughness of iron molybdenum boride base hard alloys 1185

M.N. Islam, Michael V. Swain and K. Takagi

xvi Contents

91. Comparative Performance evaluation of various phase-shifting algorithms in photoelasticity 1191

K. Ramesh and V. Ganapathy

Solid Mechanics

92. Experimental studies on composite shafts 1205 S.P. Singh and K. Gupta

93. Lagrangian approach for an in-plane curved Timoshenko beam finite dement 1223

Juan Möller

94. Studies on static analysis of a composite thin walled fixed beam 1233 R. Suresh and S.K. Malhotra

95. Analysis of torsion of a short beam 1247 R. Srinivasa Murthy, T.S. Ramamurthy and S.P. Govinda Raju

96. An efficient stress response computation method for plasticity modeis 1257

M.S. Sivakumar and George Z. Voyiadjis

97. Analysis and design of uncertain Systems using fuzzy approaches 1275

S.S. Rao

Stress Analysis

98. Static and dynamic analysis of spur and bevel gears using FEM 1291 V. Ramamurti, H. Vijayendra Nayak and C. Sujatha

99. Analysis of nonlinear response of a wind tunnel balance 1315 S.P. Govinda Raju, R. Srinivasa Murthy and T.S. Ramamurthy

100. Analysis of superficial residual stress in crankshafts 1325 O. Novaski, D. Damasceno and V. Medeiros

101. Digital dynamic visualization System 1331 A. Asundi and M.R. Sajan

102. Theoretical and experimental stress analysis of adhesively bonded single-lap Joint 1351

S.B. Mahagaonkar and S.G. Joshi

IV. Fluid Mechanics, Heat Transfer and Combustion 1371-1892

103. Jet flames from noncircular burners 1373 S.R. Gollahalli

Contents xvii

Fluid Mechanics

104. Role of three-dimensionality in the near wake of two-dimensional cylinders 1385

5. Balachandar and R. Mittal

105. Mean and turbulence characteristics of a three-dimensional wall jet on a convex cylindrical surface 1397

B.H. Lakshmana Gowda and V.S.B. Durbha

106. A vortex model for the sub-grid Reynolds stresses for large eddy Simulation 1403

Ashish Misra and D.I. Pullin

107. Adiabatic and diabatic studies in Taylor vortex flow with low axial Reynolds numbers 1415

Yousef A.G. Abdalla

108. Numerical and experimental study of the air-ejector 1431 R.V. Kamath, S.D. Sharma and A.G. Marathe

109. The use of horizontal turbulent jets as a means to improve water quality in swimming areas of lakes 1447

C.Y. Ching, G.S. Cole, L.J. Montenegro, H.J.S. Fernando and P. Fox

110. Critical evaluation of low-Reynolds-number anisotropic k-e modeis of turbulence 1467

P.K. Bishnoi

111. Flow around elliptic cylinders at moderate Reynolds numbers 1483 Manoj T. Nair and T.K. Sengupta

112. Experimental studies on the flow field associated with porous fences 1501 H.S. Govindaram, Subhas C. Yaragal and K. Keshava Murthy

113. Studies on flow through nozzles in sudden expansion with passive control 1511

K.M. Pandey

114. Breakup characteristics of liquid jets in air 1519 K. Ramamurthi

Computational Fluid Dynamics

115. Numerical Simulation of viscous incompressible fluid flow by vorticity-velocity approach 1537

B. Ghosh, S.K. Gupta and V. Venkat Raj

116. Numerical study of turbulent swirling flow through an abrupt expansion 1569 Showkat J. Chowdhury and Abu S. Joarder

xviii Contents

117. Analysis for Simulation of natural circulation phenomena during small break loca of Indian PHWRs in a proposed scaled test facility (FISBE) 1581

A.K. Nayak, P.K. Vijayan, D. Saha and V. Venkat Raj

118. Threshold flow for seif flow assisted refuelling of a nuclear reactor 1593 Jacob Eapen, P.K. Vijayan, D. Saha and V. Venkat Raj

Heat Transfer

119. A numerical study of heat transfer enhancement mechanisms and Performance of parallel-plate fin heat exchangers 1605

L. Zhang, S. Balachandar, F.M. Najjar and D.K. Tafti

120. On boundary conditions for natural convection flow through an open vertical duct 1619

M.R. Ravi and Sangeeta Kohli

121. Combined free and forced convection to non-Newtonian fluid 1633 Trupti A. Desai and V. Sirohi

122. An experimental investigation of natural convection from hot square corrugated plates to a cold flat plate 1643

K.M.S. Islam and M.A.R. Akhanda

123. High to low optical thickness Monte Carlo solutions of the radiative heat transfer problems in 2-D rectangular enclosures with absorbing-emitting-isotropic scattering media 1657

Subhash Chandra Mishra and David A. Blank

124. Analysis of radially measured temperature profiles around Square shaped fins of a motorcycle cylinder 1669

A.K. Panda and S.K Gupta

125. Heat transfer regimes during rewetting of vertical annulus 1681 A.K. Satapathy, P.K. Das and K.C. Singh

126. Numerical study of laminar heat transfer downstream of a plane asymmetric sudden expansion 1697

Mamdud Hossain and A.K.M. Sadrul Islam

IC Engines and Combustion

127. Performance testing of a catalytic Converter using cost effective catalyst 1707

A. Rehman, G. Dixit and S. Dixit

128. Di-ethyl ether as an ignition source for ethanol engine 1713 G. Nagarajan and T.R. Jagadeesan

129. Validation of radiation modeis in pulverized coal flames 1719 S. Mahdi and A. Rizvi

Contents xix

130. Influence of water/diesel emulsion on engine Performance and emissions 1737

P.N. Kadiresh, K. Balagurunathan and G. Lionel Christopher

Turbomachinery

131. An analysis of the tip clearance flow in a semi-axial turbomachine 1743 Arjun Sarathi Ray

132. Effects of swirl and circumferential inlet flow distortion on the flow field of an axial flow fan rotor at design flow condition 1761

K. Viswanath and M. Govardhan

133. The effect of clearance on the Performance of a hermetic compressor 1773 S.N. Sapali, A.R. Lawand and V.G. Sardesai

134. A finite dement model to predict head-discharge characteristics of centrifugal pumps 1781

B. Maiti

135. The applicability of fuzzy type control for high Performance aircraft gas turbine engines 1793

S.R. Balakrishnan and S. Santhakumar

136. Studies on EP activity evaluation of some disulfides and xanthogens 1805 Saroj Kumar and Narendra N. Roy

Combustion and Heat Transfer

137. Effects of gaseous additives to secondary air on characteristics of liquid spray flames 1819

Attia A. Aref and S.R. Gollahalli

138. An experimental study of waste heat recovery from diesel engines 1831 V.S. Susarla, K. Narayanaswamy and M.A. Tirunarayanan

139. Computer prediction on the Performance of water-diesel emulsions in a diesel engine 1851

C. Prabhakar Reddy and CM. Vara Prasad

140. A review on transparent insulation materials and solar thermal Systems for energy conservation 1863

G.V. Parishwad, R.K. Bharadwaj and V.K. Nema

141. Boiling heat transfer over finned tubes 1883 Akhilesh Gupta, H.K. Varma and Sanjay Gambhir

LIST OF REVIEWERS 1893

AUTHOR INDEX 1895