aerosol simulation with coupled meteorology-radiation-chemistry model wrf/chem over europe
DESCRIPTION
Aerosol simulation with coupled meteorology-radiation-chemistry model WRF/Chem over Europe. Paolo Tuccella , Gabriele Curci and Guido Visconti Dept . Physics – CETEMPS Università degli Studi dell’Aquila. OUTLINE. Implementation of an invetory of anthropogenic emissions over Europe. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Aerosol simulation with coupled meteorology-radiation-
chemistry model WRF/Chem over Europe
OUTLINE
1. Implementation of an invetory of anthropogenic emissions over Europe.
2. Validation of results against ground observations of meteo, gas and aerosol
3. Preliminary test of WRF/Chem direct and indirect aerosol effects
1. Total annual emissions from EMEP:
CO, NH3, SO2, NOx, VOC, PM
2. Correspondence among emitted and model species
CO CONOx NOx
…PM 20% Aitken, 80% Accumlation
3. Speciation of VOCs [Passant, 2002]
VOC
VOC1
VOC2
VOC350
…
ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSIONS
AGGREGATION IN 17 WRF/CHEM MODEL
SPECIES WITH REACTIVITY WEIGHTING FACTOR
PRINCIPLE [Middleton et al., Atmo. Env. 1990]
EMISSIONS IN A SUMMER WEEKDAY
NOx VOCs PM25
RURALURBAN
• Period: Jan-Feb and Jul-Aug 2007.• Resolution: 30 Km, 28 vertical levels (p_top = 50 hPa, 15-16 Km).• Initial and boundary meteorological conditions: ECMWF
analysis (every 6 hours).• Initial and boundary chemical conditions: climatological profiles.• Dust, sea-salt and biogenic emissions are included.
BASELINE SIMULATIONS SETUP
PHYSICAL PROCESS WRF/CHEM OPTION
MICROPHYSIC LIN
LONGWAWE RRTM
SHORTWAWE GODDARD
SURFACE LAYER MONIN-OBUKHOV
LAND SURFACE NOAH LSM
PBL MYNN LEVEL 2.5 PBL
CUMULUS CLOUDS GRELL-DEVENYI
PHOTOLYSIS FAST-J
GAS CHEMISTRY: RADM2
AEROSOL: MADE/SORGAM
WRF/Chem vs NOAA: HOURLY TEMPERATURE
SUMMER
WINTER
R2=0.80
R2=0.88
Overestimation of minima
Underestimation of maxima
WRF/Chem vs NOAA: HOURLY RH
SUMMER
WINTER
R2=0.73
R2=0.66
The daily cycle isanticipated
The minima areoverestimated
WRF/Chem vs NOAA: HOURLY WIND SPEED
SUMMER
WINTER
R2=0.78
R2=0.88
The maxima areoverestimated
WRF/Chem vs AIRBASE: HOURLY OZONE
SUMMER
WINTER
The full observed range is not well reproduced
R2=0.68
R2=0.85
Underestimation of minima and
maxima
Underestimation of maxima and overstimation of
minima
WRF/Chem vs AIRBASE: HOURLY NO2
SUMMER
WINTER
R2=0.60
R2=0.51
Daily cycle and high extreme values
are underpredicted
Nighttime maxima are overestimatedDaily minima are underestimated
WRF/Chem vs EMEP: DAILY PM2.5
SUMMER
WINTER
R2=0.70
R2=0.29
Underestimation by 30%
Extreme values are underestimated by
a factor 3
WRF/Chem vs EMEP: Aerosol Inorganic Speciation
WINTER SUMMER
Nitrate is overestimated by 40% and sulphate is
underestimated by a factor 3
The total sum is underpredicted by 25%
and sulphate has a negative bias of about 40%
PRELIMINARY RESULTS WITH DIRECT AND INDIRECT AEROSOL EFFECTS
Consistency of simulated aerosol field
with aerosol optical depth and cloud
condensation nuclei
EFFECT OF DIRECT AND INDIRECT FORCING
BASELINE Δ DIRECT Δ DIRECT+ INDIRECT
IMPCAT ON SHORTWAWE RADIATION FLUX
Up to ±15%
CLOUD OPTICAL DEPTH
Up to ±50%
BASELINE
PBL HEIGTH
EFFECT OF DIRECT AND INDIRECT FORCING
Δ DIRECT Δ DIRECT+ INDIRECT
TEMPERATURE AT 2m
Up to ±3%
Up to ±15%
CONCLUSIONS
• An anthropogenic emission inventory for Europe has been implemented into WRF/Chem
• The validation against ground observations reveal that:– Meteorology is well simulated. We have a negative
tempereture bias in summer and a positive wind bias in winter
– Ozone mean daily cycle is well simulated, but full variability is not reproduced
– PM2.5 has a good correlation in winter and is underestimated by about 30%
• Preliminary tests on aerosol radiation-cloud feedback reveal a significant sensitivity of the model to indirect effects.
THANKS FOR YOURATTENTION!!
AGGREGATION OF VOC EMISSIONS: FROM 350 TO 17
VOC1
VOC2
VOC3
VOC4
…
VOC100
…
VOC350
VOC EMISSION CLASSES (32)
CAT1
CAT2
CAT3
…………
CAT32
MODEL VOCs IN RADM2 (17)
MOD1
MOD2
MOD3
…
MOD17
RWF1
RWF2
RWF3
RWF4
RWF350
RWF100RWF’3
RWF3
RWF2
RWF’1
RWF1
1 exp
1 exp
OH
OH
k emi OH dtRWF
k cat OH dt
[Middleton et al., Atmo. Env. 1990]
AEROSOL-RADIATION-MICROPHYSICS INTERACTION
DIRECT FORCING [Fast et al. 2006]:
Calculated Aerosol Number
Distribution
Mie Theory in WRF/Chem:
Aerosol Optical Properties over 4
wawelengths
INDIRECT FORCING [Chapman et al. 2009]:
ShortWawe Radiation Scheme
Cloud Droplet Number from
Activated Aerosol(prognostic treatment) Resuspension
Cloud optical depth
MM5/Chem vs WRF/ChemO3: r MM5/Chem O3: r WRF/Chem
Improved in ozone forecast
[Grell et al., Atmo. Env., 2005]
INTERACTION BETEWEEN THE COMPONENTS OF THE EARTH SYSTEM THAT AFFECT CLIMATE
THE NEED OF A COUPLED MODEL: METEOROLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
INTERACT!
• Same transport scheme, same grid and same physical schemes for the “sub-grid” processes.
• Same time-step.• Not requires any spatial and temporal
interpolation.• There are the equations that describe the
radiation-aerosols-clouds interaction.
E’ necessario anche:
1. inserire modulazione temporale (mensile e oraria)
2. interpolazione spaziale sul dominio di simulazione
3. Conversione da formato netCDF a binario
ALGORITHM DEVELOPED FOR ANTROPOGENIC EMISSIONS OF WRF/Chem
VERTICAL PROFILE OF EMISSIONS
1. Energy production2. Industrial combustion
3. Waste treatment
1. Industrial processes2. Lavorazione petrolio
3. Solvents4. Trasports
1. Energy production2. Industrial combustion
Central Italy, Spain Nord Italy Nord Europe