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OIE Collaborating Centre Reports Activities in 2013 Title of Collaborating Centre: New and Emerging Diseases Address of Collaborating Centre: Australian Animal Health Laboratory Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia Tel.: (61) 3 5227 5000 Fax: (61) 3 5227 5555 e-mail address: [email protected] website: www.csiro.au Name of Director of Institute (Responsible Official): Dr Kurt Zuelke Name (including Title and Position) of Head of the Collaborating Centre (formally OIE Contact Point): Dr Kurt Zuelke Director Name (including Title and Position) of writer of this report (if different from above) Dr Peter Daniels Deputy Director Annual reports of OIE Reference Centres, 2013 1

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Page 1: African horse sickness · Web viewNew and Emerging Diseases New and Emerging Diseases Annual reports of OIE Reference Centres, 20131 Annual reports of OIE Reference Centres, 201317

OIE Collaborating Centre Reports

Activities in 2013

Title of Collaborating Centre: New and Emerging Diseases

Address of Collaborating Centre: Australian Animal Health LaboratoryGeelong, Victoria 3220, Australia

Tel.: (61) 3 5227 5000

Fax: (61) 3 5227 5555

e-mail address: [email protected]

website: www.csiro.au

Name of Director of Institute (Responsible Official):

Dr Kurt Zuelke

Name (including Title and Position) of Head of the

Collaborating Centre (formally OIE Contact Point):

Dr Kurt ZuelkeDirector

Name (including Title and Position) of writer of this report

(if different from above)

Dr Peter DanielsDeputy Director

Annual reports of OIE Reference Centres, 2013 1

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New and Emerging Diseases

Summary of activities specifically related to the mandate of OIE Collaborating Centres

ToR: To provide services to the OIE, in particular within the region, in the designated specialty, in support of the implementation of OIE policies and, where required, seek for collaboration with OIE Reference Laboratories

ToR: To identify and maintain existing expertise, in particular within its region

1. Activities as a centre of research, expertise, standardisation and dissemination of techniques within the remit of the mandate given by the OIE

Disease control Epidemiology, surveillance, risk assessment, modelling Training, capacity building Zoonoses Wildlife Avian diseases Aquatic animal diseases Animal welfare Diagnosis, biotechnology and laboratory Veterinary medicinal products Vaccines Food safety Feed safety Other (Name the category: Vector Studies)

DISEASE CONTROL

Title of activity Scope

Small Holder Pig System Project, Lao PDR

Together with the Lao Department of Livestock and Fisheries (DLF); the Lao Ministry of Health; the International Centre for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Murdoch University and the Mahidol-Oxford Research Unit (MORU) this project takes an integrated one-health and market chain systems approach to investigating the constraints for village based pig production and pig health, and assessing the impact of pig related zoonotic diseases on villagers; and then implementing village based intervention programs.

Pathogenesis studies of FMD virus strains

A pig pathogenesis study using a serotype O virus is in progress in collaboration with Vietnam. In collaboration with the PIADC, the pathogenesis of another serotype O virus in sheep is in progress.

Pathogenesis studies of West Nile Virus (WNV) group flaviviruses

A mouse model for the comparative pathogenesis of WNV-group flaviviruses has been established and characterised. The model is being used to identify pathogenetic features that distinguish pathogenic variants.

Development of transgenic influenza resistant poultry

A major study has continued using transgenic techniques to develop poultry that will be substantially resistant to AI infection. Birds are currently being assessed for resistance in challenge trials.

EPIDEMIOLOGY, SURVEILLANCE, RISK ASSESSMENT AND MODELLING

Title of activity Scope

Wind-borne dispersal of Culicoides spp country to country

The risk of introduction of bluetongue virus into northern Australia via the long distance windborne dispersal of Culicoides spp was investigated by combining both meteorological data and information regarding Culicoides biology in an atmospheric dispersal model. Results were analysed together with other factors contributing to

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the risk of bluetongue virus introduction such as livestock numbers at source and arrival sites and analysed within a Bayesian network to determine the likely overall risk of bluetongue virus introduction. The inferences on the spatial and temporal patterns of dispersal can guide off-shore and on-shore surveillance programs. The methodology is applicable to a range of insect vectors and arboviruses.

Northern Australia Surveillance Strategy

Testing was conducted on surveillance samples from Australia, Papua New Guinea and Timor-Leste for target diseases – Aujeszky’s, bluetongue, CSF, ehrlichiosis, FMD, AI, IBD, Japanese encephalitis, NDV, Nipah, PRRS, surra and TGE. Samples were submitted from pigs, cattle, sheep, goats, poultry, ducks, horses and dogs.

National Arbovirus Monitoring Program

AAHL provided BTV reference laboratory services in support of surveillance nationally. Analysis of bluetongue virus 32 BTV isolates for serotype and genotype identified as BTV 1 (Australia A and Malaysia A genotypes, based on RNA segment-3), BTV 15 (Australia B genotype) and BTV 20 (Malaysia A genotype). BTV 7 was also identified, for the first time with a genotype more closely related to the Western topotype.

TRAINING AND CAPACITY BUILDING

Title of activity Scope

Laboratory Capacity Building in regional countries

AAHL has an extensive program of capacity building with institutions in Southeast Asia and South Asia. See separate report of the Collaborating Centre for Laboratory Capacity Building.

ZOONOSES

Title of activity Scope

Diagnostic preparedness for H7N9 avian influenza

Through the OFFLU network AAHL evaluated avian influenza diagnostics for sensitivity and specificity of testing for H7N9 infections and participated in validation of selected tests for the purposes of diagnosis and surveillance in at risk regional countries and supplied reagents to national laboratories in the region, organized PT panels and conducted back-stopping missions.

Influenza Virus Monitoring Program, Indonesia

AAHL continues to provide technical assistance to a FAO-supported activity which is fostering the development of a surveillance system to detect the development of variants of the H5N1 HPAI virus. Currently, this has a focus on implementing advanced data management and analysis tools and systems to ensure test quality control and assurance.

The OFFLU contribution to the WHO VCM processes

AAHL participated in the OFFLU compilation and analysis of epidemiological, sequence and antigenic data being the animal health sector contribution to the process of evaluation of antigens identified for vaccines for protection of the human population against zoonotic influenzas with pandemic potential.

Development of novel henipavirus therapies

Screening of the human genome continues for identification of key host genes involved in HeV replication. New drug targets have been identified and intervention strategies are undergoing in vitro efficacy studies.

Passive immunotherapy for Hendra virus infection

A human monoclonal antibody demonstrated to be therapeutically effective in animal trials at AAHL is undergoing a Phase 1 Clinical Safety Trial in people in 2014. Experimental work in animals will continue to inform optimal therapeutic dosage regimes.

Pathogenesis studies of Hendra virus in dogs

Pathogenesis studies of Hendra virus infection in dogs have been conducted following the detection of evidence of natural infection in

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that species and have confirmed that there is subclinical replication of virus with shedding from the oral cavity prior to development of neutralising antibody.

Pathogenesis studies of Hendra virus in experimental animal models

Pathogenesis studies to determine the determinants of Hendra virus pathogenicity in experimental animal models and using reverse genetics systems have continued. In the mouse model for HeV infection pathogenic mechanisms and routes of entry have been studied and the impact of therapies administered following development of encephalitis is being assessed.

WILDLIFE

Title of activity Scope

Nipah virus (NiV) studies in Bangladesh (with the EcoHealth Alliance, New York and ICDDR Bangladesh – PREDICT)

Surveillance work in bats and domestic livestock yielded over 8000 samples to be tested by NiV serology and molecular assays. This work is to identify the possible sources of NiV in Bangladesh as well as the strain variation and possible spillover hosts species. Testing was also conducted for the filoviruses Ebola and Marburg.

African henipavirus bat studies (with Cambridge University)

AAHL is a collaborator in this surveillance project in Ghana, contributing henipavirus serological studies of specimens from bats, livestock and humans. This project also includes surveillance for the filoviruses.

Molecular pathogenesis studies of henipavirus infections in fruit bats

Full genome sequencing of two bat species has been completed. Current studies focus on functional genomics in collaboration with Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School in Singapore, aiming to identify bat-specific genes or pathways which may be responsible for their unique ability to co-exist with viruses without diseases and live longer. This work is in conjunction with Immunological studies of the innate and adaptive immunological systems in bats and the features of the host-virus interaction that result in infection without disease.

AVIAN DISEASES

Title of activity Scope

Pathogenesis studies of H5N1 avian influenza

Challenge models of H5N1 infection in chickens, ducks, ferrets and mice are maintained. These have been used in both vaccine and pathogenesis studies. This has included the further characterisation of feathers as a specimen for detection of H5N1, which has shown promise in both chickens and ducks.

Management of H5N1 HPAI vaccination in endemic situations

Epidemiological studies in Indonesia have continued to investigate strategies for vaccination in the small commercial sectors, and to assess the effectiveness of an ELISA for the M2e protein to act as a DIVA test to detect layer farms wherein H5N1 HPAI might be circulating despite vaccination being used.

AQUATIC ANIMAL DISEASES

Title of activity Scope

Pathogenesis studies of infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV)

Studies to determine the susceptibility of banana prawns, Fenneropenaeus merguiensis and brown tiger prawns, Penaeus esculentus, to infectious myonecrosis have been initiated.

Viral surveillance in wild prawn populations

Studies on viral presence, prevalence and disease management in wild populations of the Black Tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon) in Australian waters are being undertaken, with a focus on the yellow head virus/gill associated virus complex.

Characterization of abalone herpesvirus genetic variants

Characterisation of abalone herpesvirus genetic variants by whole genome sequencing and pathogenicity studies has been continued

DIAGNOSIS, BIOTECHNOLOGY AND LABORATORY

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Title of activity Scope

High Throughput Sequencing and Metagenomics

Systems for laboratory management of the technology are being developed and applications in EID investigations explored. Quality assurance procedures for inclusion in the laboratory’s accredited quality assurance system are being developed. The complex problems of data management and analysis are being addressed through the development of the AAHL Molecular Archiving and Retrieval System (MARS). Specimens from conditions that may have undetermined aetiologies are being processed, with the discovery of novel agents (eg see Dr Jianning Wang’s presentation to the WAVLD meeting this year).

Evaluation of oral swabs for rapid diagnosis of FMD infection

Investigations have continued whether testing swabs from infected cattle, sheep and pigs during outbreaks using real time PCR assays could be useful diagnostically. Oral swabbing from experimentally infected animals was more sensitive than nasal swabbing and viral RNA was detected in the absence of clinical disease.

HTS-BCG approaches for FMDV characterization from specimens

In collaboration with Duke University and the Pirbright Institute methods for deep sequencing analyses of FMDV strains using RNA from isolates and swabs are being developed.

Development of molecular diagnostics for diseases of molluscs

Development of an improved molecular diagnostic tests (real time PCR) for Perkinsus olseni infection in molluscs has been undertaken

MicroRNA based diagnostics for henipavirus infections

Host miRNAs regulated by HeV infection in horses and ferrets are being assessed as biomarkers that can be used as early diagnostic markers of infection.

Hand held diagnostics for henipavirus infections

A new project, in collaboration with University of Georgia is assessing the utility of hand-held SERS technology to detect viruses such as Hendra.

Development of molecular diagnostics for ephemeroviruses

An RT-PCR and sequencing methodology was developed for detection and identification of all known ephemeroviruses in clinical samples. The method also detects tibroviruses which cause asymptomatic infections in cattle and some of which have recently been detected in humans.

VACCINES

Title of activity Scope

Safety testing of the hendra virus vaccine for horses

Studies of the safety of the vaccine are being conducted in pregnant mares and 3 month foals. Mares are vaccinated in one of each trimester of pregnancy and their health, including their delivery of live healthy foals, monitored. Maternal immunity and its decay in foals of vaccinated mares are monitored. Separately, vaccinated foals are monitored for adverse reactions to double doses of vaccine and for development of antibody.

Challenge testing of Hendra virus vaccinated horses

Challenge testing of Hendra virus vaccinated horses – Challenge of vaccinated horses at various time points after vaccination continues, to assess various aspects of duration of protection.

Assessment of duration of antibody responses to Hendra virus vaccination in horses

Study groups of vaccinated horses in various geographical regions and under differing management systems are monitored longitudinally to assess duration of antibody responses under field conditions. Selected animals receive booster vaccination to allow the effects to be assessed.

Evaluation of commercially available FMD vaccines

Evaluation of vaccines such as are contained in FMD vaccine banks continued using animal challenge studies in collaboration with the Pirbright Institute, the Plum Island Animals Diseases Centre, USA, the

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National Centres for Foreign Animal Diseases, Canada and NAVETCO and RAHO6 in Vietnam. The efficacy of O and A vaccines was tested in cattle, sheep and pigs at various time points post vaccination with emphasis on early protection. A newly developed type O vaccine for Southeast Asia was compared to an existing vaccine.

Interferon enhanced vaccination

A new project is assessing the ability of interferon lambda to enhance in ovo vaccination efficacy in poultry.

Enhance HPAI vaccine production in eggs

A project with the University of Georgia has identified key genes that can be targeted in order to improve the yields of HPAI vaccines grown in eggs.

Assessment of the antigenic match between BEF vaccine and field strains of BEF virus

Antigenic profiling and phylogenetic studies of a large number of BEFV isolates was conducted. All strains currently circulating in Australia have a common ancestor that entered Australia more than 50 years ago and all but one of the major antigenic sites remain unchanged from the vaccine strain that was isolated in 1968. The data will inform improved vaccine development.

VECTOR STUDIES

Title of activity Scope

Cytokine studies in insects

The first invertebrate interferon-like anti-viral cytokine to be described was identified in the Culex quinque fasciatus mosquito. Like interferon in mammalian cells, Culex Vago was induced in mosquito cells upon West Nile virus infection, secreted from infected cells and stimulated an antiviral protective response in other mosquito cells by activating the Jak-STAT pathway.

Culicoides spp population genetics

Microsatellite markers were identified in Culicoides brevitarsis for population genetic and gene-flow studies.

Assessments of the potential for biological control of Culicoides spp

Surveyed Culicoides species in Australia for symbiont bacteria that may be useful for biocontrol of viral diseases. Several species of Wolbachia and Cardinium have been identified.

Further characterization of Australian Culicoides spp populations

Sites in southern Australia were surveyed for biting midge (Culicoides) species, particularly those that associate with and feed on livestock, that that should be further evaluated for vector capability for bluetongue virus transmission.

ToR: To propose or develop methods and procedures that facilitate harmonisation of international standards and guidelines applicable to the designated specialty

2. Proposal or development of any procedure that will facilitate harmonisation of international regulations applicable to the surveillance and control of animal diseases, food safety or animal welfare

Proposal title Scope/Content Applicable area

Refined molecular testing for yellow head

virus/gill associated virus complex agents

The specificity of molecular methods for detection and identification of the various YHV/GAV genotypes is to be improved on the basis of more comprehensive data base of sequences of viral strains (genotypes) in wild populations and their genetic variation.

Surveillance and control of animal diseases

Food safety Animal welfare

Surveillance for influenza

infection in pigs

Through OFFLU, in separate presentations by AAHL staff and in collaboration with national agencies in Australia AAHL has promoted the cause of enhance influenza surveillance in pigs and has designed a national strategy for scoping the level of influenza in pigs nationally.

Surveillance and control of animal diseases

Food safety Animal welfare

Air Resources Participation in the HYSPLIT workshop held in Surveillance and control of

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Proposal title Scope/Content Applicable area

Laboratory, NOAA HYSPLIT

workshop

Maryland USA to support the development of the TAPPAS (Aerial dispersion of pest and pathogens) modelling software

animal diseases Food safety Animal welfare

ToR: To establish and maintain a network with other OIE Collaborating Centres designated for the same specialty, and should the need arise, with Collaborating Centres in other disciplines

ToR: To carry out and/or coordinate scientific and technical studies in collaboration with other centres, laboratories or organisations

3. Did your Collaborating Centre maintain a network with other OIE Collaborating Centres (CC), Reference Laboratories (RL), or organisations designated for the same specialty, to coordinate scientific and technical studies?

Yes No

Name of OIE CC/RL/other organisation(s) Location

Region of networking

CentrePurpose

CC for Biotechnology based Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases in Veterinary Medicine, National Veterinary Institute and the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health

Uppsala, Sweden

Africa Americas Asia and Pacific Europe Middle East

Development and harmonization of quality assurance procedures and standards for data management and analysis for deployment of high throughput sequencing in diagnostic use

4. Did your Collaborating Centre maintain a network with other OIE Collaborating Centres, Reference laboratories, or organisations in other disciplines, to coordinate scientific and technical studies?

Yes No

Name of OIE CC/RL/other organisation(s) Location

Region of networking

CentrePurpose

OFFLU, the OIE/FAO network of expertise on

animal influenza

http://www.offlu.net/

Africa Americas Asia and Pacific Europe Middle East

Coordination of international activities relating to animal influenza, especially H5N1, H7N9 and influenza infections in pigs

The OIE BTV Reference Laboratories

Teramo, Italy, Onderstepoort,

South Africa, Pirbright, UK and

Ames, USA

Africa Americas Asia and Pacific Europe Middle East

Updating of the OIE Terrestrial Manual Chapters on BTV and EHDV

ToR: To place expert consultants at the disposal of the OIE.

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5. Did your Collaborating Centre place expert consultants at the disposal of the OIE?

Yes No

Name of expert Kind of consultancy Subject

Dr Peter Daniels Member of the OIE Biological Standard Commission

Participation at the BSC and Expanded Bureau Group meetings in February and September

Dr Peter Daniels Member of the OFFLU Executive Committee

Participation at the Executive and Steering Committee meetings in February, September

and November

Dr Frank Wong Member of the OFFLU Swine Influenza Group

Network of expertise on animal influenza to coordinate global influenza surveillance in

pigs to standardise approaches to surveillance.

Dr Peter Daniels Ad hoc group The OIE ad hoc Group on High Throughput Sequencing and Bioinformatics and Computational Genomics (HTS-BCG)

Dr Peter Daniels Ad hoc group The OIE ad hoc Group on Biosafety and Biosecurity in Veterinary Laboratories

Dr Peter Walker Chair of an OIE Panel to evaluate a commercial test kit

for OIE accreditation

A commercial WSSV test kit

Dr Wilna Vosloo Ad hoc group The OIE ad hoc Group on Foot and Mouth disease status evaluations of Member

Countries, October and November

Mr Chris Morrissy Meeting participation 19th SEACFMD Meeting, Singapore

Dr Wilna Vosloo, Mr Chris Morrissy,

Dr Kurt Zuelke

Meeting participation SEACFMD Laboratory Meeting, Bangkok, Thailand

Dr Wilna Vosloo, Mr Chris Morrissy,

Dr Kurt Zuelke

Meeting participation 9th Annual OIE & FAO FMD Reference Laboratory Network Meeting, Bangkok,

Thailand

Dr Peter Daniels, Mr Chris Morrissy

Meeting participation Technical and Policy discussion meeting on the prevention and control of Avian influenza

A (H7N9), Bangkok, Thailand

Dr John Allen Meeting participation The OIE Asia Pacific Workshop on multisectoral collaboration for the prevention and control of zoonoses, Kathmandu, Nepal

Mr. Chris Morrissy, Dr Kurt Zuelke

Meeting Participation The 2013 Regional Animal Health Laboratory Technical Advisory Group (Lab TAG) Meeting,

Yogyakarta, Indonesia

ToR: To provide, within the designated specialty, scientific and technical training to personnel from OIE Member Countries

6. Did your Collaborating Centre provide scientific and technical training, within the remit of the mandate given by the OIE, to personnel from OIE Member Countries?

Yes No

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If the answer is yes, please provide the total number of trained persons for each of the following categories:

a) Technical visits:................................................................47

b) Seminars:.........................................................................226

c) Hands-on training courses:..............................................235

d) Internships (>1 month):...................................................     

Type of technical training provided

(a, b, c or d)Content

Country of origin of the expert(s) provided with

training

No. participants from the corresponding

country

C Rabies training, Surabaya Indonesia 10

A Laboratory back stopping mission at NAHC, Vientiane

Laos 4

B Workshop to launch IVM Online surveillance and molecular data

management application, Jogjakarta

Indonesia 35

C Workshop on real time RT-PCR for HPAI, Subang (for OFFLU)

Indonesia 20

C Training in anthrax diagnostics, Surabaya

Indonesia 8

C BSL3 training, Bogor Indonesia 15

B 2nd Laboratory Directors Meeting and Workshop on enhancing laboratory quality systems,

Colombo, Sri-Lanka

SAARC countries 12

B Participation in the African Swine Fever workshop, New York, USA

USA, Canada, Spain, Russia, Georgia,

Portugal, Sweden, United Kingdom,

Germany, Kenya, France, Poland, Armenia,

Uganda, South Africa, Netherlands

60

A Four-way linking activity for assessing health risks for influenza

H5N1 at the human-animal interface

Indonesia 20

C Training in brucellosis diagnostics, Vientiane

Laos 4

C Training in rabies diagnosis, Bukittinggi

Indonesia 43

B USDA Orbiviruses Gap Analysis Workshop. Workshop participation,

presentation and drafting the report for diagnostics.

USA 40

C Training lab-field coordination of disease investigations, Bangkok,

Thailand

ASEAN countries 25

C Conduct anthrax ELISA validation Surabaya, Indonesia 8

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Type of technical training provided

(a, b, c or d)Content

Country of origin of the expert(s) provided with

training

No. participants from the corresponding

country

testing

C Delivery of a Brucellosis workshop, Makassar

Indonesia 16

C Development of SOPs for the production of quality assured

reagents and to develop templates for QA systems for comprehensive test records, equipment calibration

and other QA data, Surabaya

Indonesia 23

C Delivery of a workshop on H7N9 diagnostics and diagnostics for selected pig diseases, Bangkok,

Thailand

ASEAN countries 20

C Delivery of a Proficiency Testing workshop, Denpasar

Indonesia 25

C Delivery of a rabies diagnosis workshop, Bangkok, Thailand

ASEAN countries 18

B Delivery of a component of a refresher course in diagnosis of

Bovine Tuberculosis.

Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru and

Venezuela

35

A Provide advice and training in OIE based diagnostics, cell culture/virus

isolation and molecular diagnosis

Vietnam 5

B Contributions to the annual workshop for the project

Surveillance tools and strategies for improved control, monitoring and eradication of avian influenza in

Indonesia, Yogyakarta

Indonesia 10

B Participation in the ASEAN Regional Laboratory Directors Meeting,

Yogyakarta, Indonesia

ASEAN countries 24

B Presentation at the 6th Meeting of the Group of High Containment Laboratory Directors (GOHLD),

China

China, USA, UK, Germany, Canada,

Australia

10

A Backstopping missions to laboratories participating in multi-

disease training

ASEAN Countries 18

ToR: To organise and participate in scientific meetings and other activities on behalf of the OIE

7. Did your Collaborating Centre organise or participate in the organisation of scientific meetings on behalf of the OIE?

Yes No

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National/International Title of event Co-organiser Date

(mm/yy) Location No. Participants

International A technical meeting on vaccination against

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI)

OFFLU Dec 2013 Beijing,China

38

ToR: To collect, process, analyse, publish and disseminate data and information relevant to the designated specialty

8. Publication and dissemination of any information within the remit of the mandate given by the OIE that may be useful to Member Countries of the OIE (Indicate in the appropriate box the number by category)

a) Articles published in peer-reviewed journals:.................68

Journal articles

1. Bain, Peter; Hutchinson, Rhonda; Marks, Alexandra; Crane, Mark; Schuller, Kathryn. Establishment of a continuous cell line from southern bluefin tuna (Thunnus maccoyii). Aquaculture. 2013; 376-379:59-63.

2. Baker, Kate; Leggett, Richard; Bexfield, Nicholas; Alston, Mark; Daly, Gordan; Todd, Shawn; et al. Metagenomic study of the viruses of African straw-coloured fruit bats: Detection of a chiropteran poxvirus and isolation of a novel adenovirus.. Virology. 2013; 441(2):95-106.

3. Baker, Kate; Suu-Ire, R.; Barr, Jenn; Hayman, David; Broder, Christopher; Horton, D.L.; et al. Viral antibody dynamics in a chiropteran host. Journal of Applied Ecology. 2013; 82(6):1-14.

4. Baker, Kate; Todd, Shawn; Marsh, Glenn; Crameri, Gary; Barr, Jenn; Kamins, Alex; et al. Novel, potentially zoonotic paramyxoviruses from the African straw-colored fruit bat Eidolon helvum. Journal of Virology. 2013; 87(3 1348-1358):1348-1358.

5. Baker, Michelle; Schountz, Tony; Wang, Linfa. Antiviral immune responses of bats: a review. Zoonoses and Public Health. 2013; 60:104-116.

6. Blasdell, Kim; Adams, Mat; Davis, Steven; Walsh, Susan; Klement, Eyal; Tesh, Robert; et al. A reverse-transcription PCR method for detecting all known ephemeroviruses in clinical samples. Journal of Virological Methods. 2013; 191(2):128-135.

7. Breed, Andrew; Meers, Joanne; Sendow, Indrawati; Bossart, Katharine; Barr, Jenn; Smith, Ina; et al. The Distribution of Henipavirus in Southeast Asia and Australasia: Is Wallace's Line a Barrier to Nipah Virus?. PLoS ONE. 2013; 8(4):e6131.

8. Broder, Christopher; Xu, Kai; Nikolov, Dimitar; Zhu, Zhongyu; Dimitrov, Dimiter; Middleton, Deborah; et al. A treatment for and vaccine against the deadly Hendra and Nipah viruses. Antiviral Research. 2013; 100(1):8-13.

9. Cass, Pete; Knower, Warren; Hinton, Tracey; Shi, Shuning; Grusche, Felix; Tizard, Mark; et al. Synthesis and evaluation of degradable polyurea block copolymers as siRNA delivery agents. Acta Biomaterialia. 2013; 9(9):8299-8307.

10. Clayton, Bronwyn; Wang, Linfa; Marsh, Glenn. Henipaviruses: an updated review focusing on the pteropid reservoir, and features of transmission. Zoonoses and Public Health. 2013; 60(1):69-83.

11. Crane, Mark; Carson, Jeremy; Zainathan, Sandra; Nowak, Barbara. Laboratory evaluation of sample collection methods (organs versus swabs) for Tasmanian salmon reovirus detection in farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L.. Journal of Fish Diseases. 2013; 36(5):427-436.

12. Crane, Mark; Corbeil, Serge; Williams, Nette; McColl, Ken; Gannon, Vin. Evaluation of Abalone Viral Ganglioneuritis Resistance Among Wild Abalone Populations Along the Victorian Coast of Australia. Journal of Shellfish Research. 2013; 32(1):67-72.

13. Croser, Emma; Marsh, Glenn. The changing face of the Henipaviruses. Veterinary Microbiology. 2013; 167:151-158.

14. Cui, Jie; Eden, John-Sebasitan; Holmes, Edward C; Wang, Linfa. Adaptive evolution of bat dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (dpp4): implications for the origin and emergence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Virology Journal. 2013; 10(304):1-5.

15. Curran, John; Robertson, Ian; Ellis, Trevor; Selleck, Paul. Evaluation of avian influenza serological and virological diagnostic methods in wild anseriformes and charadriiformes. Avian Diseases. 2013;

Annual reports of OIE Reference Centres, 2013 11

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New and Emerging Diseases

online in press:6.16. Curran, John; Robertson, Ian; Selleck, Paul; O'Dea, Mark. Variation in the responses of a wild species

of duck, gull and wader to inoculation with a wild bird-origin H6N2 low pathogenicity avian influenza virus. Avian Diseases. 2013; 57(3):581-586.

17. Dang, Vinh; Benkendorff, Kirsten; Corbeil, Serge; Williams, Nette; Hoad, John; Crane, Mark; et al. Immunological changes in response to herpesvirus infection in abalone Haliotis laevigata and Haliotis rubra hybrids.. Fish & Shellfish Immunology. 2013; 34(2 0):688-691.

18. Eagles, Debbie; Walker, Peter; Zalucki, Myron; Durr, Peter. Modelling spatio-temporal patterns of long-distance Culicoides dispersal into northern Australia. Preventive Veterinary Medicine. 2013; 110(3-4):312-322.

19. El-Hage, Charles; Savage, Kate; Minke, Jules; Ficorilli, Nino; Watson, James; Gilkerson, James. Accelerated vaccination schedule provides protective levels of antibody and complete herd immunity to Equine Influenza.. Equine Veterinary Journal. 2013; 45(2):235-239.

20. Epstein, Jonathan; Baker, Michelle; Zambrano-Torrelio, Carlos; Middleton, Deborah; Barr, Jenn; DuBovi, Edward; et al. Duration of maternal antibodies against Hendra virus and canine distemper virus in Pteropid bats. PLoS One. 2013; 8(6):e67584.

21. Foord, Adam; White, John; Colling, Axel; Heine, Hans. Microsphere suspension array assays for detection and differentiation of Hendra and Nipah viruses. BioMed Research International. 2013; 2013:Article ID 289295.

22. Ge, Xingyi; Li, Jia-Lu; Yang, Xing-Lou; Chmura, Aleksei; Zhu, Guangjian; Epstein, Jonathan; et al. Isolation and characterization of a bat SARS-like coronavirus that uses the ACE2 receptor. Nature. 2013; online in press:16.

23. Ghedin, Elodie; Rogers, Matthew; Widen, Steve; Guzman, Hilda; Travassos da Rosa, Amelia; Wood, Thomas; et al. Kolente virus, a novel rhabdovirus isolated from ticks and bats in the Republic of Guinea. Journal of General Virology. 2013; 94:2609-2615.

24. Goossens, Kate; Ward, Alister; Lowenthal, John; Bean, Andrew. Chicken interferons, their receptors and interferon-stimulated genes. Developmental and Comparative Immunology. 2013; 41(3):370-376.

25. Guo, Pengju; Thomas, Jesse; Bruce, Matt; Hinton, Tracey; Bean, Andrew; Lowenthal, John. The chicken TH1 response: Potential therapeutic applications of ChIFN-g. Developmental and Comparative Immunology. 2013; 41(3):389-396.

26. Hamilton, Keith; Pavade, Gounalan; Claes, Filip; Dauphin, Gwenaelle; Daniels, Peter. Animal influenza research needs: protecting humans, animals, food, and economies. Influenza and other respiratory viruses. 2013; 7(Suppl. 2):34-36.

27. Hayward, Joshua; Tachedjian, Mary; Cui, Jie; Field, Hume; Holmes, Edward C; Wang, Linfa; et al. Identification of diverse full-length endogenous betaretroviruses in megabats and microbats. Retrovirology. 2013; 10(1):19.

28. Henning, Joerg; Morton, J; Wibawa, Hendra; Yulianto, D; Usman, Tri Bhakti; Prijono, W; et al. Incidence and risk factors for H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza infection in flocks of apparently clincally healthy ducks. Epidemiology and Infection. 2013; 141(2):390-401.

29. Islam, Mohammad Saiful; Kouzani, Abbas; Dai, Xiujuan; Michalski, Wojtek; Gholamhosseini, H. Design and analysis of a multilayer localized surface plasmon resonance graphene biosensor.. Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology. 2013; 8(3 .):380-393.

30. Jones, Kate; Karpala, Adam; Hirst, Bevan; Jenkins, Kristie; Tizard, Mark; Pereira, Candida; et al. Visualising single molecules of HIV-1 and miRNA nucleic acids. BMC Cell Biology. 2013; 14(4):21.

31. Keeling, Suzanne Elizabeth; Brosnahan, Cara; Johnston, Colin; Wallis, Reuben; Gudkovs, Nicholas; McDonald, Wendy Leanne. Development and validation of a real-time PCR assay for the detection of Aeromonas salmonicida.. Journal of Fish Diseases. 2013; 36(5):495-503.

32. Marsh, Glenn; Virtue, Elena; Smith, Ina; Todd, Shawn; Arkinstall, Rachel; Frazer, Leah; et al. Recombinant Hendra viruses expressing reporter genes retain pathogenicity in ferrets. Virology journal. 2013; 10:95.

33. McCaskill, Jana; Marsh, Glenn; Monaghan, Paul; Wang, Linfa; Doran, Tim; McMillan, Nigel. Potent Inhibition of Hendra Virus Infection via RNA Interference and Poly I:C Immune Activation. PLoS ONE. 2013; 8(5):e64360.

34. McColl, Ken; Clarke, Brian; Doran, Tim. Role of genetically engineered animals in future food production. Australian Veterinary Journal. 2013; 91(3):113-117.

35. Ng, Justin; Baker, Michelle. Bats and bat-borne diseases: a perspective on Australian megabats. Australian Journal of Zoology. 2013; 61:48-57.

36. Olival, Kevin J; Islam, Ariful; Yu, Meng; Anthony, Simon; Epstein, Jonathan; Khan, Shahneaz Ali; et al. Ebola Virus Antibodies in Fruit Bats, Bangladesh. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2013; 19(2):4.

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37. Palacios, Gustavo; Forrester, Naomi; Nasar, Farooq; Savji, Nazir; Travassos da Rosa, Amelia; Guzman, Hilda; et al. Characterization of Farmington virus, a novel virus from birds that is distantly related to members of the family Rhabdoviridae. Virology Journal. 2013; 10:e219.

38. Pallister, Jackie; Klein, Reuben; Arkinstall, Rachel; Haining, Jessica; Long, Fenella; White, John; et al. Vaccination of ferrets with a recombinant G glycoprotein subunit vaccine provides protection against Nipah virus disease for over 12 months. Virology Journal. 2013; 10:1-7.

39. Pant, Ganesh; Lavenir, Rachel; Wong, Frank; Certoma, Andrea; Larrous, Florence; Bhatta, D.R.; et al. Recent emergence and spread of a phylogenetic lineage of rabies virus in Nepal. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 2013; 7(11):11.

40. Paradkar, Prasad; Walker, Peter. Why don't mozzies get a fever?. Australasian Science. 2013; 34:16-18.

41. Peel, Alison; McKinley, Trevelyan; Baker, Kate; Barr, Jenn; Crameri, Gary; Hayman, David; et al. Use of cross-reactive serological assays for detecting novel pathogens in wildlife: Assessing an appropriate cutoff for henipavirus assays in African bats. Journal of Virological Methods. 2013; 193(2):295-303.

42. Peel, Alison; Sargan, David; Baker, Kate; Hayman, David; Barr, Jenn; Crameri, Gary; et al. Continent-wide panmixia of an African fruit bat facilitates transmission of potentially zoonotic viruses. Nature Communications. 2013; 4:2770.

43. Penrith, Mary-Louise; Vosloo, Wilna; Jori, Ferran; Bastos, Armanda Duarte Slager. African swine fever virus eradication in Africa. Virus Research. 2013; 173(1):228-46.

44. Rockman, Steve; Brown, Lorena; Barr, Ian; Gilbertson, Brad; Lowther, Sue; Kachurin, Anatoly; et al. Neuraminidase-inhibiting antibody Is a correlate of cross-protection against lethal H5N1 influenza virus in ferrets immunised with seasonal influenza vaccine. Journal of Virology. 2013; 87(6):3053-3061.

45. Sendow, Indrawati; Field, Hume; Ratnawati, Atik; Adjid, RM Abdul; Saepulloh, Muharam; Breed, Andrew; et al. Status Infeksi Virus Hendra Pada Kalong (Pteropus spp.) di Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat dan Manado, Sulawesi Utara (Hendra Virus Invectious Status on Flying Fox (Pteropus spp) in Pontianak West Kalimantan and Manado-North Menado. Jurnal Biologi Indonesia. 2013; 9(1):31-38.

46. Sendow, Indrawati; Ratnawati, Atik; Taylor, Trevor; Abdul Adjid, RM; Saepulloh, Muharam; Barr, Jenn; et al. Nipah virus in the fruit bat Pteropus vampyrus in Sumatera, Indonesia. PLoS ONE. 2013; 8(7):e69544.

47. Short, Kirsty; Habets, Marrit; Payne, Jean; Reading, Patrick; Diavatopoulos, Dimitri; Wijburg, Odilia. Influenza A Virus induced bacterial otitis media is independent of virus tropism for a2,6-linked sialic acid. Virology Journal. 2013; 10:128.

48. Slocombe, Ron; Christina, McCowan; Wang, Jianning; Holz, Peter. Avian pox in crimson rosellas (Platycercus elegans) in southern Australia. Avian Pathology. 2013; 42(2):147-150.

49. Smith, Ina; Wang, Linfa. Bats and their virome: an important source of emerging viruses capable of infecting humans. Current Opinion in Virology. 2013; 3(1):84-91.

50. Speare, R; Luly, J; Reimers, J; Durrheim, D; Lunt, Ross. Anitbodies to Australian bat lyssavirus in an asymptomatic bat carer. Internal Medicine Journal. 2013; 43(11):1256-1257.

51. Stewart, Cameron; Keyburn, Anthony; Deffrasnes, Celine; Tompkins, Mark. Potential directions for chicken immunology research. Developmental and Comparative Immunology. 2013; 41(3):463-468.

52. Stewart, Cameron; Marsh, Glenn; Jenkins, Kristie; Gantier, Michael; Tizard, Mark; Middleton, Deborah; et al. Promotion of Hendra virus replication by MicroRNA 146a. Journal of Virology. 2013; 87(7):3782-3791.

53. Tyack, Scott; Jenkins, Kristie; O'Neil, Terri; Wise, Terry; Morris, Kirsten; Bruce, Matt; et al. A new method for producing transgenic birds via direct in vivo transfection of Primordial Germ Cells. Transgenic research. 2013; 22(6):1257-1264.

54. Vasilakis, Nikos; Widen, Steve; Mayer, Sandra; Seymour, Robert; Wood, Thomas; Popov, Vsevolov; et al. Niakha virus: A novel member of the family Rhabdoviridae isolated from phlebotomine sandflies in Senegal. Virology. 2013; 444:80-89.

55. Vasilakis, Nikos; Wilden, Steve; Travassos da Rosa, Amelia; Wood, Thomas; Walker, Peter; Edward, Holmes; et al. Malpais Spring virus is a new species in the genus Vesiculovirus. Virology Journal. 2013; 10:e69.

56. Vincent, Amy; Awada, Lina; Brown, Ian; Chen, Hualan; Claes, Filip; Dauphin, Gwenaelle; et al. Review of influenza A virus in swine worldwide: a call for increased surveillance and research. Zoonoses and Public Health. 2013; Online early:online.

57. Vosloo, Wilna. Foot-and-mouth disease: a persistent threat. Microbiology Australia. 2013; March:18-21.

58. Wagner, Josef; Skinner, Narelle; Catto-Smith, A.; Cameron, Donald; Michalski, Wojtek; Visvanathan, Kumar; et al. TLR4, IL10RA, and NOD2 mutation in paediatric Crohn's disease patients: an association

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with Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis and TLR4 and IL10RA expression.. Medical Microbiology and Immunology. 2013; 202(4):267-276.

59. Walker, Peter. Bovine ephemeral fever – resurgence of a climate-sensitive vector-borne disease. Microbiology Australia. 2013; 34:41-42.

60. Wang, Linfa. Nyamiviridae: Proposal for a new family in the order Mononegavirales. Archives of Virology. 2013; 158(10):2209-2226.

61. Wang, Linfa. Thank you to Virology Journal's peer reviewers in 2012. Virology Journal. 2013; 10(1):44.62. Wang, Linfa; Michalski, Wojtek; Yu, Meng; Pritchard, Ian; Crameri, Gary; Shiell, Brian; et al. A novel

P/V/C gene in a new Paramyxoviridae virus which causes lethal infection in humans, horses and other animals.. Journa of Virology. 2013; 72(2):1482-1490.

63. Wibawa, Hendra; Bingham, John; Nuradji, Hari; Lowther, Sue; Payne, Jean; Harper, Jenni; et al. The pathobiology of two Indonesian H5N1 avian influenza viruses representing different clade 2.1 sublineages in chickens and ducks. Comparative Immunology Microbiology Infectious Diseases. 2013; 36(2):175-191.

64. Wynne, James; Di Rubbo, Antonio; Shiell, Brian; Beddome, Gary; Cowled, Chris; Peck, Grant; et al. Purification and Characterisation of Immunoglobulins from the Australian Black Flying Fox (Pteropus alecto) Using Anti-Fab Affinity Chromatography Reveals the Low Abundance of IgA. PloS ONE. 2013; 8(1):e52930.

65. Zhang, Guojie; Cowled, Chris; Shi, Zhengli; Huang, Zhiyong; Bishop-Lilly, Kimberly; Fang, Xiaodong; et al. Comparative Analysis of Bat Genomes Provides Insight into the Evolution of Flight and Immunity. Science. 2013; 339(6118):456-460.

66. Zhou, Li; Xu, Jie; Chen, Zhenhai; Gao, Xiudan; Wang, Linfa; Sakamoto, Kaori; et al. The L Gene of J Paramyxovirus (JPV) Plays a Critical Role In Viral Pathogenesis. Journal of Virology. 2013; 187(23):12990-12998.

67. Zhou, Peng; Cowled, Chris; Wang, Linfa; Baker, Michelle. Bat Mx1 and OAS1, but not PKR are highly induced by bat interferon and viral infection. Developmental and Comparative Immunology. 2013; 40(3-4):240-247.

68. Zinsstag, Jakob; Jeggo, Martyn; Schelling, Esther; Bonfoh, Bassirou; Waltner-Toews, David; Lelii, Stefano; et al. Convergence of Ecohealth and One Health. EcoHealth. 2013; 9:371-373.

b) International conference presentations:.........................37

International conference papers/Conference proceedings

1. Audsley, Michelle; Marsh, Glenn; Tachedjian, Mary; Wang, Linfa; Jans, David; Moseley, Greg. Novel insights into the divergent mechanisms of paramyxovirus immune evasion. In: XV International Conference on Negative Strand Viruses; 16-21 June 2013; Spain. XV International Conference on Negative Strand Viruses; 2013. 125.

2. Claes, Filip; Sonnberg, Stephanie; Brown, Ian; Morrissy, Chris; Daniels, Peter. Scientific update on Avian Influenza A(H7N9) - animal health aspects: presentation to the Technical and Policy Discussion on the prevention and control of avian influenza A (H7N9) in Asia. In: Technical and Policy Discussion on the Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza A (H7N9) in Asia; 24-25 June 2013; Bangkok. The workshop; 2013. 1.

3. Corbeil, Serge. Biotechnology and the diagnosis and surveillance of aquatic animal pathogens. In: OIE, editor/s. Aquatic animal health programmes their benefits for global food security: Proceedings of the OIE Conference on Aquatic Animal Health; 28-30 June, 2011; Panama City, Panama. Paris: OIE; 2013. 161-169.

4. Daniels, Peter. Global Animal Surveillance Networks: OFFLU. In: International Influenza Networks Meeting; 14-16 January 2013; Scottsdale, Arizona. APHL; 2013. 1.

5. Daniels, Peter. Investigations and management of emerging zoonoses in Australia and Southeast Asia. In: Certificate One Health Program; 18/05/2013; Gainesville, Florida. The Program; 2013. 1.

6. Daniels, Peter. Managing the pandemic public health threats from animal agriculture. In: 4th Sustainable Animal Agriculture Conference for Developing Countries (SAADC); 27-31 July 2013; Lanzhou, Gansu province, China. 4th Sustainable Animal Agriculture Conference for Developing Countries (SAADC); 2013. 25-30.

7. Daniels, Peter. What Needs to be Improved for Seasonal and Pandemic Influenza Surveillance, Preparedness and Response? Animal Health Issues. In: International Influenza Networks Meeting; 14-16 January 2013; Scottsdale, Arizona. APHL; 2013. 1.

8. Daniels, Peter. What can be done to manage catastrophic human disease threats from farmed

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animals?. In: 2nd GRF One Health Summit 2013; 17-20 November 2013; Davos, Switzerland. 2nd GRF One Health Summit 2013; 2013. 0.

9. Daniels, Peter; Wang, Jianning; Lunt, Ross; Meehan, Brian; Pritchard, Ian; Ritson-Bennett, Noel; et al. Diagnostics for surveillance, response, and recovery. Bluetongue viruses in sheep, cattle, and deer. In: USDA Gap Analysis and Countermeasures Assessment Orbiviruses Workshop; 14-16 May 2013; USDA Centre for Grain and Animal Health Research, Manhattan, Kansas. USDA; 2013. 1.

10. Daniels, Peter; Wong, Frank; O'Dea, Mark; McCullough, Sam; Barr, Ian. Surveillance of livestock for the next pandemic influenza: Lessons from influenza in pigs. In: ISIRV International Symposium; 7-8 March 2013; Dublin, Ireland. ISIRV; 2013. 1.

11. Edwards, Steve. Lifecycle cost finding for biocontainment facilites: material, operations, staffing. In: The 2013 international Conference on Biocontainment Facilities; 18-19 March 2013; San Diego. The 2013 international Conference on Biocontainment Facilities; 2013. 1.

12. Gough, Tamara; Goossens, Kate; Bruce, Matt; Harvey, Gemma; Wilson, Susanne; Ford, Mark; et al. Potential use of chicken interferon lambda as a novel vaccine adjuvant. In: IVIS 2013; August 2013; Milan. The Conference; 2013. 1.

13. Graham, Kerryne; Durr, Peter; Van Klinken, Rieks. Modelling the risk of long-distance wind-borne spread of pests and pathogens The TAPPAS aplication - taking GIS-based research into operational use. In: GeoVet 2013; 21-08-2013; London, UK. CSIRO; 2013. 1.

14. Hinton, Tracey; Grusche, Felix; Acharya, Durga; Waddington, Lynne; Monaghan, Paul; Shi, Shuning; et al. Bicontinuous cubic phase nanoparticle lipid chemistry affects toxicity in cultured cells. In: 10th International Conference on Nanosciences & Nanotechnologies (NN13); 9-12 July, 2013; Thessaloniki, Greece. NANOTEXNOLOGY 2013; 2013. 2 p.

15. Lawless, Nathan; Reinhardt, Timothy; Bryan, Kenneth; Baker, Mike; Pesch, Bruce; Zimmerman, Duane; et al. Simultaneous NGS-based profiling of microRNA and mRNA expression in an in vivo Streptococcus uberis challenge model reveals that microRNAs are key amplifiers of monocyte inflammatory response networks and repressors of metabolism. In: ISAFG, editor/s. 5th Symposium on Animal Functional Genomics - ISAFG 2013; 9-11 Sept 2013; Guaruja, Brazil. ISAFG; 2013. 1.

16. Leis, Andrew; Oiseth, Sofia; Crameri, Sandra; Lundin, Leif. Visualization of carrageenan hydrogels by electron tomography. In: 2013 International Symposium on Computational Models for Life Sciences; 27-29 Nov 2013; Sydney. AIP Publishing; 2013. 206-213.

17. Leis, Andrew; Oiseth, Sofia; Crameri, Sandy; Lundin, Leif. Visualisation of polysaccharide hydrogels at the nanoscale. In: 26th New Zealand Conference on Microscopy; 12-15th February, 2013; Christchurch, New Zealand. Microscopy Society of New Zealand; 2013. 1.

18. Lewis, Nicola; Russell, CA; Burke, DF; Brown, Ian; Chen, Hualan; Claes, Filip; et al. Quantifying the global antigenic and genetic evolution in swine influenza A viruses and evaluating the relative zoonotic potential to humans. In: Options for the Control of Influenza VIII; 5-10 September 2013; Cape Town, South Africa. International Society for Influenza and Other Respiratory Diseases (ISIRV); 2013. 2.

19. Marsh, Glenn; Wang, Linfa. Cedar Virus: a novel Henipavirus isolated from Australian bats. In: 15th International Negative Strand Virus Meeting; 16-21 June; Granada Spain. Spain: 15th International Negative Strand Virus Meeting; 2013. 149.

20. Marsh, Glenn; Wang, Linfa. Cedar virus: A novel henipavirus isolated from Australian bats. In: XV international Conference on Negative Strand Viruses; 16-21 June 2013; Spain. XV international Conference on Negative Strand Viruses; 2013. 149.

21. McCullough, Sam. Australian Animal Health Laboratory (Geelong) - its role and its links to the PICTs. In: 15th Australasia/Oceania CVA Regional Conference; 2-6 Sept 2013; Fiji. 15th Australasia/Oceania CVA Regional Conference; 2013. 0.

22. Middleton, Deborah. The path to a Hendra Virus vaccine for horses chance favours only the prepared mind Pastuer 1854. In: The 31st meeting of the European Society and College of Veterinary pathologists; 4-7 Sept 2013; London. ECVP; 2013. 31.

23. Mohr, Peter; Moody, Nick; Hoad, John; Williams, Nette; Anderson, Ian; Crane, Mark. Detection of a new genotype of the yellow head complex of viruses in Penaeus monodon. In: Marc Crane, editor/s. Second Australiasian Scientific Conference on Aquatic Animal Health; 8-12 July 2013; The Pullman Reef Hotel, Cairns. FRDC; 2013. 1.

24. Moody, Nick; Mohr, Peter; Boyle, David; Hick, Paul; Kirkland, Peter; Crane, Mark. OsHV-1 in Pacific oysters in NSW – molecular detection and partial characterisation. In: Mark Crane, editor/s. The Second Australasian Scientific Conference on Aquatic Animal Health; 8 July - 12 July 2013; Cairns, QLD. FRDC; 2013. 1.

25. Morrissy, Chris; Juzva, Susan; Meehan, Brian. Current Disease Situation CSF PRRS ASF. In: Regional Laboratory Network Training on Diagnostic and Characterisation of African Swine Fever, Classical Swine Fever and Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome; 27-31 August 2012; Regional

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Animal Health Office No. 6, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam. Mr Chris Morrissy; 2013. 32.26. Pant, Ganesh; Lavenir, Rachel; Wong, Frank; Certoma, Andrea; Larrous, F.; Bhatta, D.R.; et al. Recent

Emergence and spread of an Arctic-related phylogenetic lineage of Rabies in Nepal. In: 15th International Negative Strand Virus meeting; 16-21 June 2013; Granada, Spain. 15th International Negative Strand Virus meeting; 2013. 1.

27. Pant, Ganesh; Lavenir, Rachel; Wong, Frank; Certoma, Andrea; Larrous, Florence; Bhatta, D.R.; et al. Recent Emergence And Spread Of A Phylogenetic Lineage Of Rabies Virus In Nepal. In: European Congress of Virology; 11-14 September 2013; Lyon, France. European Congress of Virology; 2013. 1.

28. Pant, Ganesh; Lavenir, Rachel; Wong, Frank; Certoma, Andrea; Larrous, Florence; Bhatta, D.R.; et al. Recent Emergence and Spread of a Phylogenetic Lineage of Rabies Virus in Nepal. In: International meeting on microbrial epidemiological markers; October 2-5 2013; Paris. The Conference; 2013. 1.

29. Pant, Ganesh; Lavenir, Rachel; Wong, Frank; Certoma, Andrea; Larrous, Florence; Bhatta, Dwij; et al. Recent Emergence and Spread of a Phylogenetic Lineage of Rabies Virus in Nepal. In: 15th International negative strand virus meeting, editor/s. 15th International negative strand virus meeting; 16-21 June 2013; 15th International negative strand virus meeting. 15th International negative strand virus meeting; 2013. 214.

30. Rohringer, Andreas; Goossens, Kate; Ward, Alister; Bean, Andrew. The chicken IFN- λ Receptor Complex. In: International Veterinary Immunology Symposium; 28th August - 1st September 2013; Milan , Italy , Europe. IVIS; 2013. 1.

31. Shiell, Brian; Colgrave, Michelle; Michalski, Wojtek; Snelling, Hayley; Broder, Christopher. Determination of glycan composition and site occupancy of glycoproteins by mass spectrometry. In: David Hills (Scientific Director), editor/s. Mass Spec 2013; 6-7 March 2013; Biopolis, Singapore. Mass Spec 2013 Conference; 2013. 18.

32. Stewart, Cameron; Marsh, Glenn; Jenkins, Kristie; Tizard, Mark; Gantier, Michael; Middleton, Deborah; et al. Promotion of Hendra virus replication by microRNA 146a.. In: IVIS 2013; August 2013; Milan. The Conference; 2013. 1.

33. Swayne, David; Daniels, Peter; Dauphin, Gwenaelle; Hamilton, Keith; Mumford, Elizabeth. Filling Gaps For Seasonal And Pandemic Influenza: Current Data And Future Directions - Animal/Human Interface Priorities For Better Information. In: International Influenza Networks Meeting; 14-16 January 2013; Scottsdale, Arizona. APHL; 2013. 1.

34. Wang, Jianning; Yu, Meng; Ha, Wendy; Rootes, Chris; Wise, Terry; Crameri, Sandra; et al. Identification of a novel Bunyavirus using next generation sequencing. In: 16th International Symposium of the World Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians; 5-8 June 2013; Berlin, Germany. Deutsche Veterinärmedizinische Gesellschaft; 2013. 99.

35. Watson, James. STARS - Surveillance - Integrating data across the Australian Laboratory Network.. In: USAHA/AAVLD Committee on Animal Health Surveillance and Information Systems; 17-23 October 2013; San Deigo. USAHA/AAVLD Committee on Animal Health Surveillance and Information Systems; 2013. 1.

36. Wong, Frank; Barr, Ian; Smith, David; Williams, David; Davies, Kelly; Stevens, Vicky; et al. Coordinating worldwide surveillance for influenza in pigs - Australia and Oceania update. In: OFFLU Swine Influenza Group Technical Meeting 2013; 16/04/2013; FAO Headquarters, Rome. OFFLU and FAO; 2013. 11.

37. Zuelke, Kurt. How epidemiology and animal health science can help identify and inform policy options. In: Livestock disease policies, building bridges between science and economics; 3-4 June 2013; Paris. OECD; 2013. 13.

c) National conference presentations:................................21

1. Corbeil, Serge. CSIRO-IFREMER: Collaborative studies on molluscs pathogens.. In: Joanne Slater, editor/s. Second Australasian Scientific Conference on Aquatic Animal Health; 8-12 July 2013; Cairns, QLD. FRDC; 2013. 1.

2. Corbeil, Serge. Mollusc diseases of significance in Australia and their (molecular) diagnosis.. In: Mollusc Diagnostic Workshop; 21-10-2013 to 24-10-2013; Geelong. CSIRO; 2013. 27.

3. Crameri, Sandra; Holmes, Clare; Leis, Andrew; Smith, Ina; Shan, songhua; Lehmann, Debra; et al. A novel orthomyxovirus in Muscovy ducks – electron microscopy reveals structural resemblance to arenaviruses.. In: APMC10/ICONN2012/ACMM22; Feb 2012; Perth WA. The Conference; 2013. 1.

4. Crameri, Sandy; Van Huezen, Rob; Borg, Anna; Miller, Dan; Leis, Andrew; Morrissey, John; et al. Case study - Using the CSIRO DAP for managing AAHL Microscopy data.. In: Computational and Simulation Sciences and eResearch Annual Conference; 22nd March 2013; The Langham Hotel, Melbourne. The Conference; 2013. 1.

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5. Daniels, Peter. Climate change, animal health and bigger issues. In: Australian and NZ College of Veterinary Scientists, editor/s. 2013 College Science Week Scientific Meeting; 11–13 July 2013; QT Gold Coast, Surfers Paradise. Australian and NZ College of Veterinary Scientists; 2013. 38.

6. Daniels, Peter. Inadequate Surveillance for Emerging Zoonotic Influenza in Animal Populations. In: Communicable Disease Control (CDC) Conference; 19-20 March 2013; Canberra. Communicable Disease Network; 2013. 1.

7. Daniels, Peter. Investigations and management of emerging zoonoses. In: University of Adelaide; 14 October 2013; Adelaide. University of Adelaide; 2013. 1.

8. Daniels, Peter. Lessons learned from the international experience of H5N1 influenza. In: One Health Workshop; 24-25 Oct 2013; Canberra. PHAA and NCEPH; 2013. 1.

9. Gough, Tamara; Goossens, Kate; Bruce, Matt; Harvey, Gemma; Wilson, Susanne; Ford, Mark; et al. Potential use of chicken interferon lambda as a novel vaccine adjuvant. In: Lorne Infection and Immunity Conference.; 20th-22nd February 2013; Lorne Vic.. The Conference; 2013. 1.

10. Green, Diane; Pallister, Jackie; Williams, Catherine; White, John; Monaghan, Paul. Cell type affects Hendra virus protein trafficking.. In: Australian Virology Society Meeting; 8-11 December, 2013; Queenstown, New Zealand. AVS; 2013. 1.

11. Harper, Jenni; Payne, Jean; Bingham, John; Middleton, Deborah. Comparative pathology of Hendra virus: The search for an in vivo laboratory model.. In: National Histology Conference; 27-28 April 2013; Melbourne, Vic. National Histology Conference Group; 2013. 1.

12. Loh, Mai Hlaing; Carlile, Gemma; Morrissy, Chris; Eagles, Debbie; McCullough, Sam; Watson, James; et al. The challenges of establishing and conducting proficiency testing programs in South East Asian countries. In: Australian Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians; 28th - 29th of November 2013; CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia. Australian Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians; 2013. 1.

13. McNabb, Leanne; Lunt, Ross; Ritson-Bennett, Noel; Carlile, Gemma; Loh, Mai Hlaing; Zalunardo, Michael; et al. Development of a Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) 3ABC ELISA kit.. In: Ninth Annual Meeting of the Australian Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians; 28-29th November, 2013; CSIRO AAHL, Geelong, Victoria. Peter Kirkland; 2013. 1.

14. Mohr, Peter. Evaluation of Megalocytivirus molecular tests. In: 3rd Aquatic Animal Health Technical Forum; 20-22nd March 2013; Adelaide. CSIRO; 2013. 1.

15. Mohr, Peter; Moody, Nick; Hoad, John; Williams, Nette; Anderson, Ian; Crane, Mark. Detection of a new genotype of the yellow head complex of viruses in Penaeus monodon. In: Australian Assocation of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians; 28-29 November 2013; Australian Animal Health Laboratory. AAVLD; 2013. 1.

16. Moody, Nick. Mollusc disease diagnosis: Identification of diagnostic problems in Australia. In: KBBE Workshop on Mollusc Disease Diagnosis; 21-24 October, 2013; Geelong, Victoria, Australia. CSIRO; 2013. 22.

17. Moody, Nick. Mollusc disease diagnosis: Quality assurance systems in diagnostic laboratories in Australia. In: KBBE Workshop on Mollusc Disease Diagnosis; 21-24 October, 2013; Geelong, Victoria, Australia. CSIRO; 2013. 13.

18. Roennfeldt, Ruben-Lee; Moody, Nick; Heine, Hans; Boyle, David; Crameri, Sandra; Leis, Andrew; et al. The development of diagnostic assays for the detection of Zooplankton Invertebrate Iridescent viruses in the mesozooplankton. In: ASMA2013; 7-11 July 2013; QLD. ASMA2013; 2013. 193.

19. Stevens, Vicky; Eagles, Debbie; Wong, Frank. Annual update of avian influenza reference laboratory activities at AAHL. In: Austalasian Veterinary Poultry Association; 3 - 4 October 2013; Adelaide. AVPA; 2013. 2.

20. Stewart, Cameron; Marsh, Glenn; Rootes, Chris; Wang, Linfa; Bean, Andrew; Lowenthal, John; et al. Host genes crucial for Hendra virus replication. In: RNAi Australia; 18 - 19 July 2013; Melbourne, Vic.. Victorian Platform Technologies Network; 2013. 1.

21. Wong, Frank; Meehan, Brian; Wang, Jianning; Carlile, Gemma; Loh, Mai Hlaing; Cooke, Julie; et al. Animal health aspects of avian influenza A(H7N9) and regional veterinary laboratory preparedness in Southeast Asia. In: 9th Australian Influenza Symposium; 3-4 October 2013; The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Melbourne; 2013. 1.

d) Other:..............................................................................

(Provide website address or link to appropriate information)

Annual reports of OIE Reference Centres, 2013 17

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New and Emerging Diseases

Books/Book chapters

1. Wandeler, Alexander; Bingham, John; Meslin, François-Xavier. Dogs and Rabies. In: Calum McPherson, François-Xavier Meslin, Alexander Wandeler, editor/s. Dogs, Zoonoses and Public Health. CABI; 2013. 63-90.

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18 Annual reports of OIE Reference Centres, 2013