agenda introduction to public speakingintroduction to public speaking four speaking methodsfour...
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Welcome!Welcome!
Business Business CommunicationCommunication
Instructor: Ellen WaddellInstructor: Ellen Waddell
AGENDAAGENDA
• Introduction to Public SpeakingIntroduction to Public Speaking• Four speaking methodsFour speaking methods• Informative Speech AssignmentInformative Speech Assignment
– Topics due next weekTopics due next week
Expectations for Speech MakersExpectations for Speech Makers
We expect quality Characteristics of good speakers:
Have insight Know their audience Belief in importance of speech Always practice Speech=performance Critique own performance
Four Speaking Methods
• Manuscript
• Memorized
• Impromptu
• Extemporaneous
Systematic Speaking ProcessSystematic Speaking Process
Audience Analysis: Who Are They?Audience Analysis: Who Are They?
Educated guesses
Sources of audience information Personal experience Research
program planner public relations material discussions with members
Audience DemographicsAudience Demographics Background and composition
Age Gender Family orientation Religion Cultural background Occupation Socioeconomic status Educational level Additional factors
Analyzing the Setting or OccasionAnalyzing the Setting or Occasion
Formal/informal Business, religious,
social affair? Where? How many people?
•Type of equipment•Microphone vs. natural voice•Electronic presentation vs. Posters/Easel
•Lighting•Size of room •Set up/arrangement of room
•Can you alter the arrangement?
Confused CommunicationConfused Communication• Speech FillersSpeech Fillers confuse the listener, with
the message becoming garbled
• A Speech FillerSpeech Filler is anything that interrupts the message and can include:– UMUM– UHUH– OKAYOKAY– You KnowYou Know– So thenSo then– Now…Now…
Structure vs. CommunicationStructure vs. Communication
• Good communication requires a structurestructure – Such as a skeletonskeleton– Organize your thought into a pattern
• (topical/chronological/etc.)
– Support your points with specifics– Construct an introduction– Construct a conclusion
Designing Your Speech: Designing Your Speech:
Organizing Your Ideas Organizing Your Ideas Chapter 13Chapter 13
• Base organization on the principle of principle of redundancyredundancy
• Speech framework: • IntroductionIntroduction - tell them what you are going to
tell them• BodyBody - tell them• ConclusionConclusion - tell them what you have told
them
Ordering Your IdeasOrdering Your Ideas Chronological order Spatial order Cause-and-effect order Problem-and-solution order Topical order
Internal Summaries and TransitionsInternal Summaries and Transitions
Internal summariesInternal summaries – –content and the progression of the presentation. “Thus far, we have examined…”
TransitionsTransitions – – connective words or phrases “equally important,” “next,” “second,” furthermore,” “in
addition,” “finally”
Beginnings and EndingsBeginnings and Endings
The introductionGains the attention Listening occursEstablishes speaker credibilityOverview of the subject
ConclusionConclusion
Reviews material coveredEnds with clincher
Types of Introductions & ConclusionsTypes of Introductions & Conclusions Humor Examples Illustrations Suspense Rhetorical questions Frightening facts Startling statistics
OUTLINE FLOW CHART
TITLEI. INTRODUCTION The Introductory paragraph sets the tone for the paper and includes an
attention getter, establishes credibility, and ends with a one sentence declarative thesis statement.
Transition to BODY of speech
II. BODYFirst Main Point -Sub points with supporting materials from text Internal Summary to Second Main Point
Second Main Point -Sub points with supporting materials from text
III. CONCLUSION The last paragraph of your paper includes a restatement of the Thesis,
closing comments, and an CLINCHER to conclude the paragraph.
The Speech to InformThe Speech to Inform
Your primary goal or purpose when speaking to inform is to share knowledge with others in order to create mutual understanding- not to persuade us in any way
The Assignment: To present a product or service to the class, but NOT ask us to purchase it.
TOPICS DUE NOWTOPICS DUE NOW
Structure vs. CommunicationStructure vs. Communication• Good communication requires
a structure – Organize your thoughts,
main ideas, into a pattern• Organization of the
informative speech must use either the topical, or the spatial organizational patterns.
– Support your points with specifics
– Construct an introduction– Construct a conclusion
Organizing the SpeechOrganizing the Speech Specific purpose: To inform my audience about the with the problem of obsolete computers in our landfills and how recycling is the solution to this increasingly difficult issue.Thesis: Obsolete computers are straining landfills because they contain hazardous materials, can take a distinctively long time to decay, and the service offered by our firm to recycle the obsolete computers.1st Main idea: Obsolete computers contain hazardous materials 2nd Main idea: Obsolete computers can take a distinctively long time to decay.3rd Main idea: Our firm recycles obsolete computers.
Organizing the Main IdeasOrganizing the Main Ideas•1st Main idea: Obsolete computers contain hazardous materials
•Sub point: Every computer contains 29 different chemicals, most of which are known carcinogens.
•Support: According to the Hazardous Chemical legislation effective May 1988, most of the chemicals used in computer related fields are highly dangerous.
•Sub point: Indeed, there are known cases where chemicals from computers have been found harmful to humans.
•Support: According to the Association of Cancer Survivors, there are over 134, 000 verified instances where chemicals associated with computers have been named as contributing to the death of individuals.
Each main Each main idea has idea has subordinate subordinate ideas that ideas that support itsupport it
Organizing the Main IdeasOrganizing the Main Ideas•2nd Main Idea: Obsolete computers can take a distinctively long time to decay
•Sub point: Because computers are made of man-made materials, the decay is estimated to take more than one hundred years or more.
•Support: The Bureau of Landfill Management states that plastics collected from the 1960s continue a dramatic difference of decay than natural items collected at the same time
•Sub point: While the man-made materials decay, they also emit gases that are dangerous to the quality of air in our community.
•Support: As study conducted by The School of Environmental Science at Chicago University found that emissions from man-made materials were 89% carcinogen related.
Each main Each main idea has idea has subordinate subordinate ideas that ideas that support itsupport it
Organizing the Main IdeasOrganizing the Main Ideas3rd Main idea: Our firm recycles obsolete computers.
•Sub point: This is a benefit we offer to the community at a cost basis, where we earn no profit from this service.
•Support: Our website shows the locations where obsolete computers can be dropped off.
•Sub point: As there is a need for computers in not for profit agencies, All obsolete computers are serviced and attempt is given to donate usable computers to those offering computer skill education to needy populations.
•Support: According to the United Way, there are over more than 100 agencies in this area alone who can use this service.
Each main Each main idea has idea has subordinate subordinate ideas that ideas that support itsupport it
Connecting the dots…Connecting the dots…
Use transitions and summaries between main ideas:
“Research has established the connection between the computers and hazardous waste, and that the time needed for the product content to decay is far beyond the contemporary landfill to accommodate, but our firm does offer an alternative to this difficult environmental problem.”
I.INTRODUCTIONDid you know that our landfills are becoming hazardous to our health? Having been employed by a computer company, I have noted the tremendous turnover of equipment as new models become available. I became interested in what happened to the discarded computers. [Use more information to interest the audience] Tonight, I will inform you about the issue of such items and the effect on our landfill. Specifically, Obsolete computers are straining landfills because they contain hazardous materials, can take a distinctively long time to decay, and the service offered by our firm to recycle the obsolete computers.
II.II. BODY A. Obsolete computers contain hazardous materials
1. Every computer contains 29 different chemicals, most of which are known carcinogens. a. According to the Hazardous Chemical legislation effective May 1988, most of the chemicals used in
computer related fields are highly dangerous. 2. Indeed, there are known cases where chemicals from computers have been found harmful to humans.
a. According to the Association of Cancer Survivors, there are over 134, 000 verified instances where chemicals associated with computers have been named as contributing to the death of individuals.
3. While computers contain hazardous waste, there is also the issue of long-term disposal. B. Obsolete computers can take a distinctively long time to decay
1. Because computers are made of man-made materials, the decay is estimated to take more than one hundred years or more.
a. The Bureau of Landfill Management states that plastics collected from the 1960s continue a dramatic difference of decay than natural items collected at the same time
2. While the man-made materials decay, they also emit gases that are dangerous to the quality of air in our community.
a. As study conducted by The School of Environmental Science at Chicago University found that emissions from man-made materials were 89% carcinogen related.3.
3. Research has established the connection between the computers and hazardous waste, and that the time needed for the product content to decay is far beyond the contemporary landfill to accommodate, but our firm does offer an alternative to this difficult environmental problem.
C. Our firm recycles obsolete computers. 1. This is a benefit we offer to the community at a cost basis, where we earn no profit from this service. a. Our website shows the locations where obsolete computers can be dropped off. 2. As there is a need for computers in not for profit agencies, All obsolete computers are serviced and attempt is
given to donate usable computers to those offering computer skill education to needy populations. a. According to the United Way, there are over more than 100 agencies in this area alone who can use this
service.
III. CONCLUSION Tonight I have informed you concerning how obsolete computers are straining landfills since they contain hazardous materials and can take a distinctively long time to decay. [ Finish with closure and clincher]
END OF PRESENTATIONEND OF PRESENTATION
Welcome!Welcome!
Business Business CommunicationCommunication
Instructor: Ellen WaddellInstructor: Ellen Waddell
AGENDAAGENDA
•Review: The Speech to InformReview: The Speech to Inform•Topics are due Topics are due next sessionnext session
•Using your researchUsing your research•MLA BibliographyMLA Bibliography•How to create your own Power Point How to create your own Power Point PresentationPresentation•Individual work/Peer workIndividual work/Peer work
The Speech to InformThe Speech to Inform
Your primary goal or purpose when speaking to inform is to share knowledge with others in order to create mutual understanding- not to persuade us in any way
The Assignment: To present a product or service to the class, but NOT ask us to purchase it.
Integrating Your ResearchIntegrating Your Research
Making your research and experiences believable and understandable for an audience Definitions Statistics Examples and illustrations Testimony Comparisons and contrasts Repetition and restatement
MLA GUIDELINESMLA GUIDELINES• Most universities offer guidelines for all
types of reference documentation on their websites
• For this assignment, you may use either the APA or MLA style for your bibliography
• Bibliographies are a separate, distinct page from the main document
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Anderson, Mary. Seashell Aspirations. New York: Schmitt Publishing, 1995.
Cochran, Lyle. “The Monterey Bay Sanctuary Celebrates a Birthday.” San Jose Mercury News,. 2 April 1999: A14.
Dateline. NBC. KSBW, Salinas, CA. 25, March 2001.
Garden, Joanne. Personal Interview. 6 July, 2001.
McClosky, James Under The Waves: A Description of the Monterey Bay. New York: Addison & Wessley, 1998.
“Sardines.” The Oxford English Dictionary. CD-ROM. OxfordUP, 1992.
I.INTRODUCTIONDid you know that our landfills are becoming hazardous to our health? Having been employed by a computer company, I have noted the tremendous turnover of equipment as new models become available. I became interested in what happened to the discarded computers. [Use more information to interest the audience] Tonight, I will inform you about the issue of such items and the effect on our landfill. Specifically, Obsolete computers are straining landfills because they contain hazardous materials, can take a distinctively long time to decay, and the service offered by our firm to recycle the obsolete computers.
II.II. BODY
A. Obsolete computers contain hazardous materials
1. Every computer contains 29 different chemicals, most of which are known carcinogens.
a. According to the Hazardous Chemical legislation effective May 1988, most of the chemicals used in computer related fields are highly dangerous.
2. Indeed, there are known cases where chemicals from computers have been found harmful to humans.
a. According to the Association of Cancer Survivors, there are over 134, 000 verified instances where chemicals associated with computers have been named as contributing to the death of individuals.
3. While computers contain hazardous waste, there is also the issue of long-term disposal.
B. Obsolete computers can take a distinctively long time to decay
1. Because computers are made of man-made materials, the decay is estimated to take more than one hundred years or more.
a. The Bureau of Landfill Management states that plastics collected from the 1960s continue a dramatic difference of decay than natural items collected at the same time
2. While the man-made materials decay, they also emit gases that are dangerous to the quality of air in our community.
a. As study conducted by The School of Environmental Science at Chicago University found that emissions from man-made materials were 89% carcinogen related.3.
3. Research has established the connection between the computers and hazardous waste, and that the time needed for the product content to decay is far beyond the contemporary landfill to accommodate, but our firm does offer an alternative to this difficult environmental problem.
C. Our firm recycles obsolete computers.
1. This is a benefit we offer to the community at a cost basis, where we earn no profit from this service.
a. Our website shows the locations where obsolete computers can be dropped off.
2. As there is a need for computers in not for profit agencies, All obsolete computers are serviced and attempt is given to donate usable computers to those offering computer skill education to needy populations.
a. According to the United Way, there are over more than 100 agencies in this area alone who can use this service.
III. CONCLUSION
Tonight I have informed you concerning how obsolete computers are straining landfills since they contain hazardous materials and can take a distinctively long time to decay. [ Finish with closure and clincher]
The TryoutThe Tryout Analyzing your presentation
– use speech notes/clock/video/tape recorderWhat are you trying to determine?
Too long? Unclear ideas? Too much redundancy? Confusing structure? Ineffective attention-getter? Too detailed? Too technical? Unsatisfactory conclusion?
Speech Behaviors to Control NervesSpeech Behaviors to Control Nerves Pick topic carefully Prepare and fully practice Schedule your speech (1st, last, etc.) Beverages and food
A big meal= “loggy” Avoid stimulants Avoid drinking
DO: Drink water Suck on a mint
Speech Behaviors to Control NervesSpeech Behaviors to Control Nerves Visualize success
practicepractice makes a difference FOCUS ON THE TOPIC, NOT
YOURSELF Positive affirmations
“I am scared” vs. “NO! I am excited!excited!”
Mistakes are okay
Public Speaking
• Proper preparation and practice can turn your worst nightmare into a new talent on which you can build a successful career.
Good Night
See you next week