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A Comparative evaluation of vishoshi kashaya, aqueous extract and hydro alcoholic extract of Agnimantha moola (Clerodendron phlomidis.Linn.F) for medohara activity W.S.R to hyperlipidaemia An experimental study

M.D. DISSERTATION DR. POORNIMA.H.V.R 2009-2010

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DDeeppaarrttmmeenntt ooff PPoosstt GGrraadduuaattee SSttuuddiieess iinn DDrraavvyyaagguunnaa VViijjnnaannaa GGoovveerrnnmmeenntt AAyyuurrvveeddaa MMeeddiiccaall CCoolllleeggee

BBaannggaalloorree

CERTIFICATE BY THE GUIDE

This is to certify that the Dissertation entitled A Comparative evaluation of vishoshi kashaya, aqueous extract and hydro alcoholic extract of Agnimantha moola (Clerodendron phlomidis .Linn .F) for medohara activity W.S.R to hyperlipidaemia An experimental study Is a bonafide research work done by Dr. POORNIMA.H.V.R in partial fulfillment for the degree of Ayurveda Vachaspathi, Doctor of Medicine (Ayurveda) in Dravyaguna Vijnana of the Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore.

Place: Bangalore

Date:

Guide: DR. ASHALATHA.M. MD

Professor, Dept of Post Graduate studies in Dravyaguna Vignana, G. A. M. C Bangalore 560009.

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Dept of Pharmacology and Toxicology Veterinary College Hebbal,

Bangalore-24

CERTIFICATE BY THE CO-GUIDE

This is to certify that the Dissertation entitled A Comparative evaluation of vishoshi kashaya, aqueous extract and hydro alcoholic extract of Agnimantha moola (Clerodendron phlomidis.Linn.F) for medohara activity W.S.R to hyperlipidaemia An experimental study is a bonafide research work done by Dr. POORNIMA.H.V.R. in partial fulfillment for the degree of Ayurveda Vachaspathi, Doctor of Medicine (Ayurveda) in Dravyaguna Vijnana of the Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore.

Date:

Place: Bangalore Co-Guide

Dr. N.B.SHRIDHAR Ph.D. Asst. Professor, Dept of Pharmacology and Toxicology Veterinary College Hebbal, KVAFSU Bangalore-24

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DDeeppaarrttmmeenntt ooff PPoosstt GGrraadduuaattee SSttuuddiieess iinn DDrraavvyyaagguunnaa VViijjnnaannaa GGoovveerrnnmmeenntt AAyyuurrvveeddaa MMeeddiiccaall CCoolllleeggee

BBaannggaalloorree

ENDORSEMENT BY

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

This is to certify that the Dissertation A Comparative evaluation

of vishoshi kashaya, aqueous extract and hydro alcoholic extract of

Agnimantha moola (Clerodendron phlomidis.Linn.F) for medohara

activity W.S.R to hyperlipidaemia An experimental study under

the guidance of Dr. ASHALATHA.M MD Professor, Dept of Post

Graduate Studies in Dravyaguna, G.A.M.C, Blore.

Date: Place: Bangalore HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

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GGOOVVEERRNNMMEENNTT AAYYUURRVVEEDDAA MMEEDDIICCAALL CCOOLLLLEEGGEE BBaannggaalloorree -- 0099

ENDORSEMENT BY

THE PRINCIPAL

This is to certify that the Dissertation A Comparative evaluation

of vishoshi kashaya, aqueous extract and hydro alcoholic extract of

Agnimantha moola (Clerodendron phlomidis. Linn.F) for

medohara activity W.S.R to hyperlipidaemia An experimental

study. under the guidance of Dr. ASHALATHA.M MD,

Professor, Dept of Post Graduate Studies in Dravyaguna,

G.A.M.C, Blore.

Date:

Place: Bangalore PRINCIPAL

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DECLARATION BY THE CANDIDATE

I hereby declare that this dissertation entitled, A

Comparative evaluation of vishoshi kashaya, aqueous

extract and hydro alcoholic extract of Agnimantha moola

(Clerodendron phlomidis. Linn. F) for medohara activity

W.S.R to hyperlipidaemia An experimental study is a

bonafide and genuine research work carried out by me

under the guidance Dr. ASHALATHA.M. MD, Professor,

Dept of P. G. Studies in Dravyaguna, GAMC, Blore-09

and under the Co-guidance of Dr. N.B.SHRIDHAR Ph.D.

Asst. Professor, Dept of Pharmacology and Toxicology,

KVAFSU, Veterinary College Hebbal, Bangalore-24

Date: Signature of the candidate

Place: Bangalore (Dr. POORNIMAH.V.R)

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COPYRIGHT

DECLARATION BY THE CANDIDATE

I hereby declare that the Rajiv Gandhi University of health Sciences,

Karnataka shall have the rights to preserve, use and disseminate this

dissertation in print or electronic format for academic / research purpose.

Date: Signature of the candidate

Place: (Dr. POORNIMA.H.V.R)

Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT # It gives me immense pleasure to express my acknowledgement for the

help received from various source in the course of the preparation of

this dissertation work.

# I pay my obeisance to the almighty for providing me smooth and successful completion of this dissertation. This work is a reflection of

the rays of Mercy emitted from the Almighty. At this happiest

juncture, I prostrate to the lotus feet of lord Dhanvantari with whose

shower of blessings this task has ventured without any hindrances.

# At this juncture, it would be my first and foremost duty to pay gratitude to my Parents, Sri.Ramappa.V and Smt.Chandrika for the

love and affection showered on me and pain staking efforts endured

for my progress and success.

# I express my deepest gratitude to my beloved guide Dr. Ashalatha.M M.D, Professor, Department of Postgraduate studies in Dravyaguna,

G.A.M.C, Bangalore for her valuable suggestions, care and guidance

throughout my Dissertation work.

# Its my privilege to thank my co-guide Dr. N.B. Sridhar Ph.D. Asst. Professor, Dept of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary College,

KVAFSU, Hebbal, Bangalore-24, for the functional freedom,

guidance, encouragement & for providing me all the facilities in

carrying out my work throughout the study.

# I express my sincere respects and immense gratitude to Dr. Jagadeesh M.S, MD Professor and HOD, Post graduate studies in Dravyaguna,

G.A.M.C, Bangalore, for his guidance, constant encouragement, and

kind co-operation in carrying out this work.

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# I am grateful to Dr.S.L.Mohan. Asst. Professor, Dr.lalitha B.R Asst. Professor and Dr.Shivaram .N. Gayathri, Asst. Professor,

Dr.Veena.M.S , Dr.Mamatha Acharya, Dr.Sharada Mani. Dept. of

PG studies in Dravyaguna, GAMC Bangalore, for their support and

the help during this study.

# I wish to express my thanks to Dr.H.T.Sreenivas, Principal, G.A.M.C, Bangalore for his kind co-operation.

# I whole heartedly thank Dr. Umakanth, Professor Dept of Poultry and Dr. Narayanswamy professor, Dept of Pathology KVASFU,

Veterinary College, Hebbal, for their timely support during the study.

# My heartfelt thanks to my dear colleagues Dr. Deepakini, Dr.Sujata, Dr. Naveen, Dr. Shridevi, Dr.Lakshmi and Dr.Aruna for their

cooperation and constant support throughout my work. Special thanks

to Dr. Deepa kini, for her timely help and cooperation rendered during

the whole course of study.

# I extend my thanks to PG Scholars of Veterinary faculty Dr. Lohit, Dr. Mallikarjun, Dr.Shrikanth, Dr.Bair, for their unforgettable

guidance and help during my study.

# My heartfelt thanks to Dr.Rajendran. Green chem., Dommaluru, Bangalore, for the help rendered to carryout alcoholic and aqueous

extracts of the drugs and Dr. Ramachandra, and Dr.Roza, IIS,

Bangalore who provided animals for experiment

# It would be invidious to name a few from my family, when many have helped me; nevertheless I am grateful to each one of them

specially My Husband Mr.Devkumar.T.G, My Mother in law

Smt.Gangamma, My nephews Mr.Vinayraj, Mr. Shivraj and all my

family members, who have helped me throughout the work.

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# My sincere thanks to Dr.Prakash, for making Histopathological slides, Mrs. Uma and Mr.Srivatsa who have helped in serum analysis, Dr.

Revathi and the authorities of Bangalore test house for their help

during Phytochemical and TLC studies and Dr.Suresh .K.P for

making statistical analysis.

# My heartfelt thanks to my junior friends, Dr.Soumya, Dr.Vidya, Dr.Tejaswini, Dr.Pratibha, Dr.Sunitha, Dr.ParvatheGowda,

Dr.Vishwanathreddy, Dr.Triveni and my beloved friends

Dr.Kotresh, Dr.Gayathri, Dr.Girishkumar, Dr.Arunkumar,

Dr.Ravikumar and all my seniors for their timely help during my

Thesis work.

# Lastly I thank one and all who helped me directly & indirectly in bringing out this work

Date: Dr. POORNIMA.H.V.R

Place: Bangalore

DISEASE REVIEW

Evaluation of Agnimantha moola (Clerodendron phlomidis ) .. for medohara activity W.S.R to hyperlipidaemia Dept of PG studies dravyaguna

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ABBREVIATIONS

AAsshhttaannggaa HHrriiddaayyaa AA..HH

Ashtanga Samgraha A.S

Ashtanga Nighantu A. N

Amara kosha A.K

Bhaishajya Ratnavali B.R

Bhavaprakasha Nighantu B.N

Bhela Samhita B. S

Charaka Samhita C. S

Dhanvantari Nigantu D.N

Gadanigraha G.N

Harita Samhita H.S

Kashyapa Samhita K.S

Kaiyadeva Niganthu K.N

Mahoushadi Nigantu M.N

Nigantu Adarsha N.A

Priya Nigantu P.N

Raja Nigantu R.N.

Saushruthi nighantu S.N

Sharanghadhara Samhita S.S

Shabda Kalpadruma S.K.D

Sushruta Samhita Su. S

Yoga Ratnakara Y.R.

DISEASE REVIEW

Evaluation of Agnimantha moola (Clerodendron phlomidis ) .. for medohara activity W.S.R to hyperlipidaemia Dept of PG studies dravyaguna

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Table of contents

1. Introduction 1 2. Drug review

Agnimantha 4 Clerodendrum phlomidis 26

3. Disease review Medodhatu , medoroga 41 Rasa dhatu 66 Plasma 69 Kapha Dosha 70 Hyperlipidaemia 80

4. Lekhana karma 105 5. Vishoshi kashaya 111 6. Experimental models 114 7. Materials and methods 117 8. Observations and results 142 9. Discussion 170 10. Conclusion 182 11. Scope for further study 184 12. Summary 185 13. Bibliography 187

DISEASE REVIEW

Evaluation of Agnimantha moola (Clerodendron phlomidis ) .. for medohara activity W.S.R to hyperlipidaemia Dept of PG studies dravyaguna

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ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives:

Hyperlipidaemia is established as a major health concern due to strong causal

relationships with ischemic heart disease, ischemic stroke, overall mortality, and due to

its high prevalence. Prevention and control of non-communicable diseases is a high

priority for the World Health Organization and obesity and hyperlipidaemia management

is an important part of their strategy. The most effective class of these agents, the HMG-

CoA reductase inhibitors, are though potent, produce skin rash, myalgia, abnormalities of

liver function and other problems in patients. The cost of these drugs may also be of

significant concern, especially in view of the long-term nature of the therapy.

Agnimantha ( Clerodendron phlomidis .Linn. F) is one of the Brihatpanchamoola, which

has got reference as medohara dravya in Ayurvedic samhitas.

Objectives :

To compare and evaluate medohara activity of Agnimantha moola vishoshi kashaya, aqueous extract and hydro alcoholic extract in hyperlipidaemia induced

Wister albino rats.

To compare and evaluate medohara activity of trial drug with that of standard drug group in hyperlipidaemic Wister albino rats.

Materials and method: Agnimantha root was procured from its natural habitat, and used

in the form of vishoshi kashaya, aqueous and hydroalcoholic extract.

DISEASE REVIEW

Evaluation of Agnimantha moola (Clerodendron phlomidis ) .. for medohara activity W.S.R to hyperlipidaemia Dept of PG studies dravyaguna

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7groups of 8 male Wister albino rats were taken, they were induced hyperlipidaemia by

feeding vanaspati and coconut oil in the ratio of 3:2, at 10ml/kgbody weight, for 30days .

Group 1.NC served as normal control which did not receive induction,

Group 2 HFC served as High fat control which received induction for 30

days and was not given any drug therapy.

Group 3 Received Standard hypolipidaemic drug -Atervostatin at

2mg/kgbodyweight.

Group 4 Received Agnimantha moola vishoshi kashaya, at 2ml dosage.

Group 5 Received Agnimantha kashaya along with induction for 30 days

Group 6 Received aqueous extract of Agnimantha root at 1000mg/kg

body weight

Group 7 Received hydroalcoholic extract at 1000mg /kg body weight.

Blood serum lipid parameters like- Total cholesterol, Triglycerides, HDL, LDL, VLDL,

body weight were tested once in 30days and Histo pathology of liver, kidney and Aorta

were done at the end of the study.

Vishoshi kashaya showed highly significant effect in reducing TC, TG, LDL,VLDL and

raising HDL . P