agricultural data romania-2007

7/30/2019 AGRICULTURAL DATA ROMANIA-2007

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ALDSA: Agricultural

Landscape Data State of

the Art

AGRICULTURAL

DATAROMANIA

3-4 April 2007

Cambridge

Dr Toma Elena

Research Institute of Agricultural Economicsand Rural Development



Some things to be mentioned:

This presentation is a collection of the available

data from different sources: The Romanian Ministry of Agriculture, Forest and Rural

Development The National Institute of Statistics

Research Institute for Soil Science and Agro chemistry

The information presented can be update in thismoment until the year 2005; the data for 2006

will be available to the end of this year



ROMANIAN’S LANDSCAPE

- characteristics -



Even though it is a limited territory, Romania contains all of the three largecategories of relief: mountains, hills, plateaus and plains

Mountain units The mountainous relief occupies almost a third of the totalcountry’s territory, the main units are The Carpathian, of alpine type, with heights

that frequently pass 1650 m, which are, generally formed form massive,metamorphic, magma and hard-set sedimentary rocks (limestone, pudding rock,etc) Numerous intra-mountainous valley (over 300) can be framed into variousgeomorphologic subtypes (tectonic, techno-erosive, etc)

Hill units, piedmonts and plateaus This relief tread, with heights between 1000 and300 m occupy about 42% of the territory of the country According to thegeological structure, height, exterior aspect numerous units differentiate ( sub- carpathian hills, piedmont hills, plateaus)

Plain units The lowest main form of relief occupies about 30%of the country’s territory, and has altitudes, generally under 200-300 m The most important of these are: The Romanian Plain is the largest, occupies the South of Oltenia, South and

South-East of Muntenia and has loess as substratum, loess deposits, and

sometimes grit (dunes), loam and alluvial deposits; The West Plain is a low divagation plain, formed from hard sedimentary

rocks, some higher sections covered with loess;

The Meadow and Danube Delta have a specific meadow relief, the substratum isformed from recent alluvial and some lacustrine deposits, over which (in theDanube) we find fluvial-marine sand dunes



The characterisation of Romania’s relief was made on the basis of processing inSIG of the information contained within the next thematic maps:

Geomorphologic map of Romania – Romania’s geographical atlas;

Topographical map of Romania - scale, 1:200000;Geological map of Romania, scale 1:200000 – The Geological Institute 1963-1990;

The map of administrative-territorial unit limits at the commune level, scale1:1000000

Table no 1 presents the surfaces associated to relief forms, to the slope classesand altitude (absolute and relative)¹ classes A primal aggregation of thisinformation is represented by the establishment of the areas occupied by the mainrelief forms (plain, hill, mountain) at the level of each commune Themethodology for establishing delimitation criteria for the main relief forms: plain,hill and mountain; it is based on interpreting trough an expert georeference data-base at a national level, using the SOTTER methodology, it adapts to the

conditions in our country Table no 2 presents the resulting surfaces for the main relief forms (plain, hill,mountain) sequel to processed information at a commune level In this table thereare also presented the main percentage for the main relief forms in comparison with the sum of the total agricultural and forestry area surface

Table no 3 presents the surfaces associated to the main relief forms on the basis

of framing the communes in one of the relief forms



Table no 1

The surfaces suited for the elements which characterise the relief

(Relief forms, Slopes, Hypsometry) for the agricultural and forestry area -2002

Relief form Area

ha Slope Area

ha Hypsometry Area

ha

Plain 9267957 < 2% plane-humid 42856 < 300 m absolute alt 12052949

Plateau 70526 0 - 2% plane 10385915 300 - 600 m absolute alt 774374

Valley 525768 2 - 5 % mildly corrugated 1019481 < 200 m relative alt 1398580

Glacis + Piermont 396737 5 - 8 % corrugated 1600939 200 - 400 m relative alt 1189100

Valley bed 671511 8 - 15 % rippled 1841627 400 - 600 m relative alt 1481641

Seacoast plain 184 15 - 30% hilly moderate 0 600 - 1500 m relative alt 4526560

Medium gradient hill 5230589 30 - 60 % hilly mountainous 6584481 1500 - 3000 m relative alt 75250

High gradient mountain 4312035 > 60 extremely hilly 24421 Waters and puddles 851700

High gradient hill 1019811 Waters and puddles 851700

Absorbed valley 3641

Waters and puddles 851700

Total 22350459 Total 22351420 Total 22350154

Statistic 2003 Yearbook 22351400 Statistic 2003 Yearbook 22351400 Statistic 2003 Yearbook 22351400

ICPA Bucharest 2004- the actualization

will be made this year

Table no 2

The distribution of agricultural and forestry surfaces according to the main

relief forms identified at a commune level - 2002

Relief form Area

ha % of Total

Plain 10638121 49,5

Hill 5913026 27,5

Mountain 4948449 23,0

Total 21499596 100,0

Table no 3

The distribution of agricultural and forestry surfaces according tothe framing of the communes into the main relief forms - 2002

Area Plain Hill Partiallymountain

Mountain TOTAL

ha 9914518 4264048 1512781 5798969 21490316

% 46,1 19,8 7,1 27,0 100,0



Romania’s soil According to the Romanian System of Soil Classification (1980), on theterritory of Romania 10 classes of soils, 39 types and 500 subtypes of soils were identified The areas occupied by the soils with a higher

weight in the land property of the country are shown in table no 4 Fromthe presented information it results that on the territory of Romaniathree classes of soil are predominant: the Mol soils with 26,7 %,

Argiluvisoils with 25,5 % and Cambisoils with 19,5 % A significant weight (14,5 %) is also that of the involved soils The other classes of soil have percentages which vary between 0,8 % (Halomorphyc soils,Umbrisoils) and 5,2 % (Spodosoils)

Soil Type (class) Total % thousand ha

TOTAL MOLISOILS 26,7 6 363 TOTAL ARGILUVISOILS 25,5 6 077 TOTAL CAMBISOILS 19,5 4 648 TOTAL SPODOSOILS (Feriiluvial dark soil, Podzole) 5,2 1 240 TOTAL UMBRISOILS (Black acid soil, Andosoil,

Humico – silicathic soil) 0,8 191

TOTAL HIDROMORPHIC SIOLS (Lăcovişte, Gleicsoil, Clinohidromorphic black soil, Pseudogleic

soil) 3,2 763

TOTAL HALOMORPHIC SOILS (Solonceac, Soloneţ) 0,8 191 TOTAL VERTISOILS 1,6 381 TOTAL UNEVOLVED SOILS 14,5 3 457 TOTAL ORGANIC SOILS - 5 Lakes, Marshes 2,2 524 GENERAL TOTAL 100 23 839

Table no 4

Surfaces occupied in the main classes and soil

types - 2002

Romania’s ground map



Romania’s agroclimatical resources The Romanian climate is of a temperate-

continental type, with four seasons and it is

marked by the steppe climates in the East,

Adriatic in the South-West, oceanic in the

West and North-West, keeping its Carpato-

Ponto-Danubian climate identity

From an energetic point of view, the annual flux is of 110-140

Kcal/cm² close to the level of the one in the large cereal areas in

Europe, North America and Eastern Asia The thermo potential is

situated between 3000 - 43000C, the quantum of the actual

temperatures in the vegetation period is of 1200 - 18000C In the

habitat between the 6 and 80C izometers micro and mezothermic

plants can be cultivated (bundle flax, rape, potatoes, rye, barley)

between the 8 and 110C isotherms (mostly agricultural plants), and inthe medium annual temperature habitat over 110C megatherm plants

(cotton, rice, castor-oil)

From a hydro point of view, the resources vary, in the plain between 350-

750 l/mp, but have an unequally spatial-time distribution, which

determines annual significant fluctuations of the crop The time periods in

which the hydro resources insure the efficient value of thermo resources

represent aprox 30% of the vegetation season, and droughts and rain

excesses in the rest of the time The highest fluctuations are registered in

the South plain areas, with monthly values between 1/l/mp and 300 l/mp

and annual between 250 l/mp and 1000 l/mp The drought and

excedentary periods are grouped on 2-4 years and have a cyclic come-back

This is notable during the year in grouping of the dry and rainy months



Romanian’s water resources

2002

•78905 km water courses;

•295,6 thou ha land areas with water;•270 accumulation lakes with a total volume of 14,5 billions mc, of which 114 lakes with

temporary accumulation;

•7100 km of dams for securing towns and agricultural land;

•6600 km of river regularizations and 1320 km of defence and shore consolidation;

•157 adduction channels with a length of 1100 km;

•59 water pumping stations with a debit of 237 mc/s

•49 water sockets and hydro technical nods with a total debit of 249 mc/s;

•178 other hydro technical works;

•122 natural lakes

If we do not consider the water contribution from the Danube, Romania is a poor water

country, so an attentive household of this resource is absolutely necessary

The water deficit is highly felt in the high-risk depletion and drought territories For

compensating this extremely large deficit in the drought periods, in these territories were

created irrigation systems for about 3 mil ha by using as a main resource the water from the

Danube and as secondary resources, the water from Siret and Olt rivers



Agricultural data



Table no 5

Total land fund, by use 1990-2005 (thousand ha)

1990 2000 2005

Total area of landed property 23839,1 23839,1 23839,1

Agricultural area 14769,0 14856,8 14741,2

Arable 9450,4 9381,1 9420,2

Pasture lands 3262,5 3441,7 3364,0

Hay fields 1465,3 1507,1 1514,17

Vines and wine nurseries 277,4 272,3 224,1

Orchards and tree nurseries 313,4 254,6 218,2

Woods and other forestry lands 6685,4 6457,3 6742,8

Woods 6252,3 6223,1 6233,0

Constructions 622,3 632,9 657,1

Roads and railroads 388,9 388,2 391,1

Waters and puddles 903,6 867,8 841,4

Other areas 469,9 636,1 465,5



Table no 6

Agricultural area, by use 1991-2005 (thousand

ha)

1991 2000 2005

Agricultural area 14798,3 14856,8 14741,2

Arable 9423,5 9381,1 9420,2

Pasture lands 3309,8 3441,7 3364,0

Hay fields 1467,9 1507,1 1514,17

Vines and wine

nurseries

285,8 272,3 224,1

Orchards and tree

nurseries

311,3 254,6 218,2

Agricultural area

irrigated, fo which:

216,1 45,7

Arable 204,2 44,6

14680

14700

14720

14740

14760

14780

14800

14820

14840

14860

1991 2000 2005

Agricultural area

3240

3260

3280

3300

3320

3340

3360

3380

3400

3420

3440

3460

1991 2000 2005

Pasture lands

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

1991 2000 2005

Orchards and

tree nurseries

9350

9360

9370

9380

9390

9400

9410

9420

9430

1991 2000 2005

Arable

1440

1450

1460

1470

1480

1490

1500

1510

1520

1991 2000 2005

Hay fields

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

1991 2000 2005

Vines and wine

nurseries

63.7%

9.9%

1.9% 2.1%

22.4%

63.9%

22.8%

10.3%

1.5% 1.5%

Arable Pasture lands

Hay fields Vines and wine nurseries

Orchards and tree nurseries

Agricultural area

structure- 1991 and

2005

T l



Table no 7

Use of the agricultural field – state sector

N

o Specification UM

Years

1991 2000 2005

1

TOTAL

agricultural of

which:

thousand ha 4416,4 638,6 654,1

2 Arable surface thousand ha 1972,0 330,4 367,2

3 Pasture lands thousand ha 2251,6 244,0 231,2

4 Hay fields thousand ha 152,6 38,0 32,4

5 Vine and vineyard thousand ha 26,9 10,8 8,8

6 Orchard fruit

growing thousand ha 12,8 15,4 14,5

Use of the agricultural field – state sector - %

N

o Specification UM

Years /(%)

1991 2000 2005

1

TOTAL

agricultural of

which:

thousand ha 100 100 100


3 Pasture lands thousand ha 51,0 38,2 35,3

4 Hay fields thousand ha 3,5 5,9 5,0


6 Orchard fruit


0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

1991 2005

Agricultural land

Arable surface

44.7

51.0

3.5

0.60.3

Arable surface Pasture lands Hay fields

Vine and vineyard Orchard finit growing

56.135.3

5.0

1.3 2.2

T bl 8



Table no 8

Use of the agricultural field – private sector

Use of the agricultural field – private sector - %

N

o Specification UM

Years

1991 2000 2005

1

TOTAL

agricultural of which: thousand ha 10324,8 14218,2 14087,1


3 land thousand ha 1112,4 3197,7 3132,8

4 hay field thousand ha 1361,6 1469,1 1482,3


6 Orchard fruit


N

o Specification UM

Years /(%)

1991 2000 2005

1 TOTALagricultural of

which:

thousand ha 100 100 100


3 land thousand ha 10,8 1,8 22,2

4 hay field thousand ha 13,2 1,7 10,5


6 Orchard fruit


0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

1991 2005

Agricultural land

Arable surface

72.1

10.8

13.2

1.9 2.0

Arable surface Pasture lands Hay fields

Vine and vineyard Orchard finit growing

64.3

22.2

10.5

1.5 1.5



The present situation of the Romanian agricultural

exploitations• in 2002 was made the first Agricultural Census after the

1948

• in 2005 was made the Agricultural Structure Survey 2005

(The main characteristics of agricultural farm)

The juridical

status of theagricultural

exploitations

Number of

agricultural

exploitations

2002

Number of

agriculturalexploitations

2005

Number of agricultural

exploitations

which useagricultural

area2002

Number of agricultural

exploitations

which useagricultural are

2005

Used agricultural

area2002

(ha)

Used

agricultural

area2005

(ha)

Medium used

agriculturalarea (ha)

2002

Medium used

agriculturalarea (ha)

2005

Individual

agricultural

exploitations 4462221 4237889 4277315 4103404 7708757,61 9102018,22 1,8 2,22

Juridical personality

units 22672 18263 22046 17843 6221952,49 4804683,06 282,23 269,28

Agricultural

Societies/associations 2261 1630 2224 1614 975564,26 742065,39 438,65 459,77

Commercial

societies 6138 4824 5706 4563 2168792,03 1780787,84 380,09 397,87

Public

administration units 5698 4818 5618 4750 2867368,41

2124736,63

510,39 447,31

Cooperative units 87 108 77 89 2365,14 3246,42 30,72 36,48

Other types 8488 6883 8421 6827 207862,65 153846,78 24,68 22,54

TOTAL

AGRICULTURAL

EXPLOITATIONS 4484893 4256152 4299361 4121247 13930710,1 13906701,28 3,24 3,37

Table no. 9 The structure of agricultural area used and the medium

dimension of these in 2002 and 2005



Table 10

Cultivated area, by main crops Culture surface structure with main cultures at country level - %

N

o Specification UM

Years

1991 2000 2005

1 TOTAL arable surface

of which:thousand ha 9197,3 8499,8 8467,9

2 Cereals thousand ha 6049,0 5655,2 5865,7

3 Vegetables for seeds thousand ha 81,2 41,3 44,2

4 Technical plants thousand ha 911,5 1137,5 337,2

5 Potatoes thousand ha 234,9 282,7 1220,9

6 Vegetables thousand ha 195,1 234,0 266,7

7 Melon and water melon thousand ha 47,7 46,2 820,4

8 Fodder plants thousand ha 1552,1 682,2 820,4

N

o Specification UM

Years

1991 2000 2005

1

TOTAL arable surface of

which: thousand ha

100 100 100

2 Cereals thousand ha 65.8 66.5 69.3

3 Vegetables for seeds thousand ha 0.9 0.5 0.5

4 Technical plants thousand ha 9.9 13.4 4.0

5 Potatoes thousand ha 2.6 3.3 14.4

6 Vegetables thousand ha 2.1 2.8 3.1

7 Melon and water melon thousand ha 0.5 0.5 9.7

8 Fodder plants thousand ha 16.9 8.0 9.7

Table no 11

Cultivated area, by main crops - private sector

No

Specification UM

Years

1991 2000 2005

1 TOTAL arable surface of which:

thousand ha 7260,8 7442,0 8267,7

2 Cereals thousand ha 5076,6 5075,8 5788,5

3 Vegetables for seeds thousand ha 54,3 33,1 40,9

4 Technical plants thousand ha 683,0 839,7 335,4

5 Potatoes thousand ha 217,4 276,7 1199,2

6 Vegetables thousand ha 141,9 227,1 257,5

7 Melon and water melon thousand ha 44,0 45,3 738,0

8 Fodder plants thousand ha 1019,1 614,6 738,0

No Specification UM

Years

1991 2000 2005

1 TOTAL arable surface of which: thousand ha 100 100 100

2 Cereals thousand ha 69.9 68.2 70.0

3 Vegetables for seeds thousand ha 0.7 0.4 0.5

4 Technical plants thousand ha 9.4 11.3 4.1

5 Potatoes thousand ha 3.0 3.7 14.5

6 Vegetables thousand ha 2.0 3.1 3.1

7 Melon and water melon thousand ha 0.6 0.6 8.9

8 Fodder plants thousand ha 14.0 8.3 8.9

Culture surface structure with main cultures – private sector - %

agricultural data romania-2007

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