air quality compliance affecting oil and gas development

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Air Quality Compliance Affecting Oil and Gas Development Jay Christopher, Business Unit Manager, Air & Process Services July 9, 2013

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Presentation for 2013 EORI CO2 Conference in Casper, WY July 9, 2013. Jay Christopher, Business Unit Manager of Air and Process Services for Trihydro, has over 35 years of energy industry environmental experience, specializing in air quality issues and permitting affecting complex facility operations.

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Page 1: Air Quality Compliance Affecting Oil and Gas Development

Air Quality Compliance Affecting Oil and Gas Development

Jay Christopher,Business Unit Manager, Air & Process ServicesJuly 9, 2013

Page 2: Air Quality Compliance Affecting Oil and Gas Development

The more you explain it, the more I don’t understand it.

‐Mark Twain

Page 3: Air Quality Compliance Affecting Oil and Gas Development

Air Regulatory Issues

The current regulatory environment is getting more stringent Federal EPA regulations (NSPS OOOO, aka Quad O) aimed at oil & gas operations impact some enhanced CO2 operations

Major air emission source permitting must address CO2e emissions

CO2e emission inventories include enhanced oil recovery and sequestration projects

Let’s talk about these … 

Page 4: Air Quality Compliance Affecting Oil and Gas Development

EPA’s New Source Performance Standards, Subpart OOOO (aka NSPS Quad O)

Applicable to Crude Oil and Natural Gas Production, Transmission and Distribution

Final rule published August 16, 2012 Affects many activities after August 23, 2011 Targets VOC emissions, not methane Natural gas focused, but not exclusively

Page 5: Air Quality Compliance Affecting Oil and Gas Development

Well site• Completions• Storage

Vessels• Pneumatics

Gathering Booster Facilities

• Storage Vessels

• Pneumatics• Compressors

Natural Gas Plants

• Storage Vessels

• Pneumatics• Compressors• LDAR• SO2

Natural Gas Transmission Compression

• Storage Vessels

Underground Natural Gas Storage

• Storage Vessels

To Distribution

What is Covered Under NSPS OOOO?

Page 6: Air Quality Compliance Affecting Oil and Gas Development

NSPS Applicability  

Date

August 23,2011

April 17, 2012

August 16,2012

October 15, 2012

October 15, 2013

January 1, 2015

July 2015 October 15, 2015

EPA Administrator signs Final 

Rule

Final Rule Published

> Oil and Gas Production Facilities> Gas wells – combustion> Hydraulic Fracturing – record 

keeping and recording> Natural Gas Processing Plants

> Centrifugal and reciprocating compressors

> NG pneumatic controllers> Equipment leaks> Sweetening Units

> Storage Vessels> NG pneumatic controllers 

between wellhead and gas processing plant

Gas wells –Phase II (RECs)

Equipment leaks at 

existing gas plants 

(NESHAP)

Glycol dehydration units at existing sources (NESHAP)

Page 7: Air Quality Compliance Affecting Oil and Gas Development

Primary Impacts from Quad O Natural Gas Production

Hydraulic Fracturing  ‐Green Completions

Oil and/or Natural Gas Compressors (centrifugal ‐ wet seal controls; reciprocating ‐ rod packing replacement)

Pneumatic controllers (zero bleed at gas plants, low bleed everywhere else)

Storage vessels (controls if emit > 6 tons VOCs/year)

Also, significant recordkeeping and reporting requirements.

Gas Plants (tighter LDAR requirements)

Page 8: Air Quality Compliance Affecting Oil and Gas Development

Quad O – Storage Tank Reconsideration EPA recently proposed to “reconsider” storage tank control requirements EPA accepted industry comments that EPA significantly underestimated the number of effected storage tanks

Proposed April 2013, expect to finalize July 2013 (before current August 2013 compliance deadline) Group 1 (between August 23, 2011 and April 12, 2013) –register, but no controls (unless production changes affecting the tank)

Group 2 (after April 12, 2013) – controls by April 15, 2014 (or 60 days after startup if later)

Page 9: Air Quality Compliance Affecting Oil and Gas Development

Other Air Regulations EPA Power Plant NSPS Rule – although it most directly impacts coal‐fired power plants, the indirect affect is to promote carbon capture / sequestration.

Colorado’s proposed Regulation 7 changes – will  impose Quad O‐type requirements on all oil & gas sources statewide (well pad LDAR/camera; compressor LDAR, presumptive BACT control requirements).  Likely to be finalized by end of 2013.  Will other states follow?

California Senate Bill 34 (pending) – would require California Air Resources Board to regulate CO2 EOR projects used for carbon sequestration 

Page 10: Air Quality Compliance Affecting Oil and Gas Development

Air Permitting and CO2 CO2 is an “air pollutant” (U.S. Supreme Court; Massachusetts vs. EPA, 2007)

EPA “Endangerment Finding” – 2009 (“greenhouse gases in the atmosphere may reasonably be anticipated both to endanger public health and to endanger public welfare”)

Automobile tailpipe emission standards (once CO2 was regulated as a pollutant under the Clean Air Act, permitting requirements could be established).

So how does this affect us?

Page 11: Air Quality Compliance Affecting Oil and Gas Development

Major Source Air Permitting

EPA’s “Tailoring Rule” Since Clean Air Act major source permitting thresholds (100 tons/year of pollutants) would result in “absurd results” if applied to CO2 (EPA’s words), EPA established a 25,000 tons/year threshold for CO2.

Projects that are major for CO2 must consider Best Available Control Technology (BACT), specifically  including carbon capture and sequestration (CCS).

EPA acknowledges that CCS is not “mature” and most CO2 BACT to date has focused on energy efficiency.

Page 12: Air Quality Compliance Affecting Oil and Gas Development

CO2 Emissions Reporting

EPA’s Mandatory Reporting Rule Subpart W for oil and gas sources Subpart UU for enhanced oil recovery Subpart RR for geologic sequestration

Electronic reporting due every March for prior calendar year

Testing, source counting, data capture, emission factors; much recordkeeping

Page 13: Air Quality Compliance Affecting Oil and Gas Development

Air Regulatory Challenges

Keeping up with the new regulations as well as on‐going changes to the regulations

Developing state and/or local requirements

Page 14: Air Quality Compliance Affecting Oil and Gas Development

Are There Opportunities?

Will the President’s recently announced Climate Action Plan present opportunities to the industry?

The continued focus on coal may provide: More opportunities for natural gas Opportunities to support coal plants to CCS or EOR Energy Secretary Moniz expects EOR rates to grow from 300,000 BPD to 3,000,000 BPD, much of it from capturing coal power plant CO2 emissions.

Page 15: Air Quality Compliance Affecting Oil and Gas Development

White House Policy on Climate Change

Three weeks ago, President Obama presented his view of changes that should be made regarding climate change. The official policy is largely silent regarding the petroleum industry.

“Sometimes there are disputes about natural gas, but let me say this: We should strengthen our position as the top natural gas producer because, in the medium term, at least, it not only can provide safe cheap power, but it can also help reduce our carbon emissions.”

Continue effort to eliminate “tax breaks” Keystone XL – approve only if the Pipeline does not exacerbate GHG emissions.

Page 16: Air Quality Compliance Affecting Oil and Gas Development

If you ask me anything I don’t know, I’m not going to answer.

‐Yogi Berra

Questions? 

Page 17: Air Quality Compliance Affecting Oil and Gas Development

Contact Information:Jay Christopher

[email protected]/745‐7474