algirdas degutis - apie vakarų savigriovą - žlugimas per liberalųjį atvirumą

8/2/2019 Algirdas Degutis - Apie Vakar savigriov - lugimas per liberalj atvirum.

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31ATHENA , 200 Nr. 3, ISSN 1822-504

A D

REf LECTIONS ON wE STERN SELf-

DECONSTRUCTION: Ex TINCTION V I A

LIbERA L OPENNESS

I h h j h W w h j ppj h W h .1 W p w p h W -b -, yh h W p -. W pp b p w h Oh why ph W . T S ph p, E Ep , h -

y bp. A y w byh h h y p j. T h h W, p wh h bzzw x , z pw. T b h pp bh x pb, h w hb p h z bh . Tp h p , p . C p p y h p

h . I am grateul to the colleges o the COS Action 24 program (Evolving Social Construction o Treats)

or useul discussions on the topics o the paper.

Kultros, filosofijos ir meno institutas / Culture, Philosophy and Arts Research InstituteDabartins filosofijos skyrius / Department of Contemporary Philosophy

Saltoniki g. 58LT-08105 Vilnius

El. patas / e-mail: [email protected]


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32

Shy 9/11 h P M Iy, S B, whh h b: W b w h p-y z, y h h w-b, p h h wh I p -

p h. Y h h w j . Af Ep p h h. T B PM, Gy Vh, : I hy b h h I PM h . Sp h Ep C,

J-Chph F, : W y h h w xpby M B. Iy - pp p G B- h w . Wh y, B

w whw.2 I h w hypy, w h b h

hypy h b py . A h q b h p w z. C D Ww, F y h P Hb, W W II w, Jp Gy qh. F y Spb 11, w p wh, wh, y .3 Why? I h h,

w w w . T by ph b h y: h p , hy p h y b: h , j

wh w h y (Sy 2006: 200). Py-

wh H P, w w h Nb Pz , hw ph September 10, 2001: A, h , w h pw h w h w h h [ h] wh y b b 2 p b pp h b.4

C h p 9/11 Ep phph .F J B, h h w w w h b, h h hy [h ] , b w

wh . , p bzh (B 2002: 134). T ph JqD b . W php w qy h y, , z, b, -y : h h p wh - p by , h p pp, b h p, wh y b y

2 Furor at Berlusconi Remark on Wests Superiority, Te New York imes, Serptember 28, 200.

West, Diana, Are we in denial? Te Washington imes, September 8, 2006.

4 Speech to the University o Florence by Harold Pinter (0th September 200) http://www.haroldpinter.org/home/forence.html


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REflEcTIONSON

WESTERN

SElf-DEcONSTRucTION:

EXTINcTIONV

IAlIbERAlOPENNESS

pb . A h w : C zwh ? C , w w h h h h b, h, AIDS, , b p

b y? (B 2003: 107-108). T p h h - h A . J Hb, h y, j y h h : Wh h p b p, h wy w b. T p h y w - p w h b b h q h p y p

(B 2003: 36). S A qy wh h b p, h w xpb, jb. T p b h b wh h W h .

h xp, why Chy w h Ep h EU C? Pbyb h w h h , whh pb wh p, h p h Ep.Pby G q, h h Ch -

D h y h b pby -y. Bh M Php w h Ch p, Sph G, wh w h wh w. Wh h ? H w y h f y y C. Wh w p hf? N h h q h Bb y h hx-y . Php : by h h ph Chy, h w . A y h , h p y Iz ph h h W.5

T xp W -f b p -y. I xy xp W pby qy W . Why?B h h b by.

Ay W h b, by , p - (PC) . T pp h h PC hh , .

Phillips, Melanie, How Britain is urning Christianity into a Crime, Daily Mail, 7 September 2006.


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3 4

e underling ideolog

T p y bh h h h b bb p-, p b. I h y h wh

p h b y ppp, pj yp. Ty w h y b , . T p w y h h h p h ,b h, pp, w, x , , x , , p bh h -h b. A h h h w pp, h w , - h w h h pw y .Cp h b y py W p. T -p h h hh why , h h p p.

Cp, h , y , pyy, b j, b p wh C w. Tb h h wh h h h hh h w, b b h y j. T w h p y f: pp why q p,

b qy why , wy qy w, qy b bb h wh b b-b h p (F 1995: 58). T p b p yh h y h h h wh p yh (B 1987: 27). S h pp by q,y qy b j w h y p p wh . A, h pp y b p x f, wh h h f (K 1997: 38).

T p b h y , , qy, hhy x. Nw, y py b, x hh, h wy hy by. H h h p h xp h h; qz w pp; - h h h z h p; q h; h h; b hx h b , p h x b-hy h, ., .

I h, h w h w f: p w b-, y hh, , , yy, - h py, y. I h h


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REflEcTIONSON

WESTERN


EXTINcTIONV

IAlIbERAlOPENNESS

h w h hy, ,, h p h .H w h w b w h q p-p. F h q h h h -

y wh p b y h q h w x . I h, h p wh p y y h p . H h p bh hp , , -, p- .

I h h y p: h p h q- b , wh h h h y

h b h W b h .P py b by h ph phph p,whh P R wh p Mx, Nzh F. Tyh h h yh W

ww-, f h h w h.Wh hy h z hy , pp . T w h whhhy y h w h , h pp h pp,h p h p wh ppy -

y . T w, hy , z : y . h q p h h b hw b h whh h p hy h hy h h h b .

T hyp h p Mx hy h wh hy h y h bwh xp h xp. I h h j, p w by b , py h pw.D y y wy h h h h Te Communist Manifesto. h j y bb wh xp p w h h . T h p h p, h - h wh h h b h h. By -y p, h p y w , b p hy h . T y by Mx b, p h pp h () . Ahh b

w w p h z y , h , h xp b. T w , y j h b , y ,


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3

h p y py h h p h b pw xpp h h . T y w b b y h b bh. Oy by y h y- by bh h p whp h p h

p hy h .A h p p h xp h W, p-

h b h p, - h hp h b w, , b (fw-h), hx, , b w. T Mx p w py p wh h h h hp h h w y h - . A h bw h Mx hy b

xp, p wh p b.T p pp y by h b . O G h hy hw b pp b by Chy h F h p F Mx h pp h b y h h y h p p xy (M). O h h h 1960, wh h b h h y by f y . T

pp h w b p by -, .6

Pbby h h h w by h - p. I h h hy p p h, Mh F h pw h hxp hp bh y. T - bw h y h, F, - bj b; h xp p . T w h xpb h p h w .By w bw h p h , F- h h b y wh b p ( h) w . T b z . Thy y ( wh h b -) hy b bj. T b pb x h b y p by h ,y h w/pw . T bj z h h y

h p p. R B ph w pww xp y b h w w b, 6 For a penetrating dissection o Gramsci and Marcuse see: Kolakowski 98, Ch. VI and XI.


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REflEcTIONSON

WESTERN


EXTINcTIONV

IAlIbERAlOPENNESS

p h bj h y .F : w b bj, pp,pw j: w p j h - w (h , pp h

hpp ) (F 1984: 95). R, w h p . T h h h hy , b xp hy. Wh h b , y b h h h z b , , .

Jq D h p. H h y h z xp -

hh by x. By ppy h h - h p hh p h h W h bj b y. T

W (ph) hh p by hz hhz; hy hhy wh y py h, wh h h p-h h . L hh h p pp. D p, y b h x- h h b z h h. D

b h h h z, h , h . Ty b pw bh b h y h .

Nw, wh h z y h ph. S y p y py by

wh x z ( h h b p-y p ), h z h Oh y h b h h b

W . I, py h h y y y h y j (x-p, pp, y) h W. Pph Mx,h xp h w b h . J h p, Mx, hy xpy h b yp : p h h h b x pw h pp h (Lh 1983: 12). F D bh w hy Mx, Mx, bh h : I I h

w h F Sh h h , I w h p w, w F. I w 1978 F - p h hh, , h, h,


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pp y pby .7 D, , q xp-: h h y , y y,xp z, whh y in the traditionof Mx, p Mx (D 1996: 92). O h

, , h h b. H- xp h py h w pwhy h h p p b b h y h pb by h w h. T p h - b b w by .

From economic to cultural ega litari anism

T Mx p y h by whh h b w y b. Ey p phph, Hbb L, w py

wh h b pw h h h - pw. I h h , h h - y h ; h pw h , by ppy. Ppw, p, h y b hy . T pp p-

by h y ; py, h b pby h z w b, h . T wh h p y . Lby y , by h y. A b h h h p wh h py h wh . E-py , by , h p h wy; h, y . I , w h p pw ( pw) bb p . O h p, p ,, xp, h h y by b. By h hy, h h h . I h w, h hh p b b, h -py h p. I, h w wh JqBz h G Sh p by h h 19h y,h b pp (Bz 2000: 688).

T y p w qy. y

p wh h b x -. I , b h ,7 Cited in Aary; Anderson 200: 8.


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3

REflEcTIONSON

WESTERN


EXTINcTIONV

IAlIbERAlOPENNESS

hy h y h h wy h ph h / ph h h -y pp z p. T wh h Mx whh h

x . J h xp h bxpp h j, h pp p bp by w h pp. A Wybb h , by whh h y pph h b , b h wy h pp []h b h h pp y , , , x p pw. D-

h b qy, hh hw. Cqy h wh pb (Wy 1991: 235, x).8

T h Ny F p h h wy: T b h p p f h wh y. D p b h b y, hy, ,, xy. I h p f, p y p-p h h p b. C

pp xp h j. A p b h y j h p (F 1995: 68). I h w -, yz h h Mx y hp: .., ph-ph b, b h bj xp qy pw h . I h y, h b y pj pp pp, by py p p h y j y. R- h b y, , .., b h y b . I h pp, p y pb wh h h h y.

T xp py h ph hh py b h b hb y w b p .., h wb , , y, , . T xp h -p y pp ph h h wh h w

h pp. Wh h p b h ppy h xp8 See also: Gottried 200, passim.


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4 0

( h b hy ), h p pp bx . I p, y by h- p w p h h p h

why p . Ay p h b h b y . I b h p , h y y b hh . T xp why b A y I b I p b h,

wh wh y y I wh I p h b . A, w, h pp, h wh w , h bj h py

. I h wh y, p, h w h b hxp p wh. By h wy-, b w -x, hphb; p hb -y p . Ty w b h h h h h h h (Ch 2007: 196). (Lw A,hy w h .) T Mx h .

T hxy h hw pw. Ch h y hxy

. Hw, wh hx b h p - p, h h b w y W .Nwy Ch py h q. Pxy, hh -by, h py y b py Ch x-. Pxy, h py w h q; by, h y b h by hh h x. I h b , h b - h y h h p p, h qy q y b p by pp unequally.Cp: h b, qy b h w by pb qy hhy, wh hp b, j h , h qy hhyh qy p pb , h qy h hh.

T xp py , b by h hp p, , y b

b b, y pp y -. I, y q p, hh y q, y pw


11/21


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42

p, w p bw h wy ph by h h pb wh w . A h Ch My w w: Ay - h b h h pp

h (My 1984: 212). A bz b- hy p, h w b py; by bz pp b- hy py, py w b ; pp h w hh. I h,

w p y p. Ty -z, hy w h ph h , h h b h y.

Pxy, hh by, h y w h p-

p. Ty h h y, y by - h hy p h w . Ty h w ppy h h h h p pw. Gp , , by h pb p-y b b wh ybz h p w h (Sw 1995: 149). T hh h b w y jy h , , jy h y h h. P p

b wh x. h w yp -, h h z h h, q h h w y h py h p. A B J , b b h h h p, w , h b pw h hS (1952: 179). Rp p p h pp, hy h hh h h p . Ty b- h w .

Jh Rw xpy py b. A h bqy pp, h y qy y by.P q b h b , h pp h pp wh qy. A hpp, qy h b h

w h w . T pp b xp - h b b

h h b y wy h hp h wh h (Rw 1971: 179). I h w, qy y b j qy. Hw h h ? S


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REflEcTIONSON

WESTERN


EXTINcTIONV

IAlIbERAlOPENNESS

y h w h p h w , hp h h w p, h , wh y qy w-. T - h qy. T pb h h y b h

by p ppy h, h , by y h b y.Mx h h w p by pp y ph; Rw p p-by-p p h . S , b h h (J B-h). C b b y p pp, q, wh w p wh x whh p h pp y h wh .T wh y h b , h xp

why b h pp b wh p .Rw hfy wh qy. Hw, hpy w bh y qy, x . D h b b - z w y wh pp xp h p wh h pp. B wh w wh? D b : y y by h , p, b p, py-, , b, hh. D h ,

, b by jy by . D- h pj py pp pb (.., j) h p b , - h p p b wp p. Hw, py h pj - h b h: w private p b h p M w h - hx.

F h by h b .O h h, h py - compulsoryintegration, h b h py pp p- . O h h h, wh h p - h p h q , y W- p - compulsory segregation h, . By p py ( ), b h p- h h b ppy h

. A P G , h b wh h b y (G 1998: 25). Sp-y, b by ph h


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4 4

W , wh ph h . W w wh h PC y hy p q h wh - , x, hphb, Iphb, E, p-

, by, y, wh h h pph . I h Ow hh , h y py b.

O h h px: h py h p q y . F , - h b A py - h wh. O h h p h y q --

p by h . A p p h p b h h p: .., py - h b y b h h h p wh pj. P , b y pj, wy p ph, y b p. E h wh b p,h w. S p, b h -, h py b b y. Ny, hy p p. N p h py

wy wh h pbby y f h. S-y, py , by p h b p , wh h py h. A- p h p - :h py h h wh h b x h p y xb h h x h hb h h x h p.

F h y b -. I wy h by, h b yh . Y qy by b h b- h 19h y, h b h h by limitingh pw h , , , h . 20h y b, by , h qy byexpandingh pw h . T b h ywh p h b b h wh h . C b, wh pp h , b ph ,

y w wp h p x. Ay h, h, y h hh h y pp pp h -


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45

REflEcTIONSON

WESTERN


EXTINcTIONV

IAlIbERAlOPENNESS

yh h y w .T x . N h h p-p yh h. I hy , h

w b j, w b y b

pb . I h -p, pw y . T wh y . T p b h y hy y, y , , y hh wh wh y h , , y. Rb Nb py - h fp h b : T p q h p h h b-

hp h , h, h x p pw (Nb 1953: 202).

urning treats into sel-incriminations

Jh Rw h h b y by h b h b h h hh-. A wh b h negative, h b? Sh hy -

w b b? I q b y by,

b h q b b (.., pby ) j by? T p b j by h b b. T y h pp h b bh. T hh b y h w; h h h bxp xp , x-. T y p h b h b h h x. Rpby b bh h h h h , h w y p h h y ( h h). O h w, h b h xp h , h h h , h h pp x- h y (h y) b b h bh. ph, h b w, ,

wh h h pb, .., x j. I h y h b h, h w. T y h b h x, h z, h , h p

h p. I h b ww, h w wh y , h pp by h pb h y, h pp y pp (L 1996: 203).


16/21

4

T pby (b b) h h xp h pp h y bh. Ty y xp h h bh pw y by h

. F h y p, w y py hw h b h h xpy ; p,w -xp xpy h . Ay h p h p py pb, h , pb whh h w, b pb wh h y. By p bh by h , y b p caused, committed, wh h b h-

h w y. B h , pb-y b hhy pby y, h y,, - pp wh pb h h hy wh h b h pb. T h h xp q p: h h X h () b , h ; h h b X. Fxp, X p, h y h p h wh w; X h T W, h W h w b; X M

, h b -M Iphb.I wy h h p W b b pz , b p b b h b j.

Lb b p h p h p h y h y . S-f W h wpy h hh p y b p h . B h b b bqy pp , h w y y -Wp y , h w h W b pp, h -y h -W p y bh. I p,h xp -A, h p -b b hA h h h h y (Hwz 2004: 242). I , -b p h I p h W h W A p Ch I-phb. I h h b h I bh

I w hy, h h b h A bh A p w Ch hy, h h b by w A w Chy. T


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4

REflEcTIONSON

WESTERN


EXTINcTIONV

IAlIbERAlOPENNESS

xp why b, Iphb h p yh I, h C W p wh - -C h h C .

A, pxy b by, p wh h p-

b bh by y xb hpb h bh. Why ? C h h p w h . T -p py y h h y h ph wh h p. F wh h b p,h w w : , h h h h, wh h py (p h h y) h w ( h y); , h h (b y

) by pp . O bh- p yb b h h: h py b bz, whh -p py -. T h py by hb y h y p h. S b-h, h b, h w py ,h h y wh h h w him.Py h wy y -. H b h y y h b h

h y p h h pw.T b p w W q-

wh p by h pp ,b by h pp b p. Aq-Mx z h b b , whby

wh groups h p h /ppy. T p by hb h z, h w. S b p hh h w w h . I h, h p . V p wh p p y , b whh p h p b b . Hw, h h wh p- w h pp x h wh w p,h w pp h h wh (K 2003: 64). T bj, h w h , h - h b p ( w pp) h wh h h. T wy h L

y: W y h y y b h h h p. O y h h h p (L 1963: 272).


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4 8

e ultimate inversion

T p h p .L Jq D h py

h. D h h p h bhh p p b. D h h wy by h -z h Oh. D ; h p p h x -z. A p j: D j. I w h j h wh I (D 1992: 21). J p h Oh. Whh h? Op, h, p, , p? I hp b p

h y p. p, h y b p- y b p hpy wh h xp . wh by - , w , b b, h,

why h (D 1999: 128-129). D h wh b bb xenophilia p , b , h wh h , h . H y y h bh py . A h

h j, D , j wh by h y , yby y h wh hy. Hw h p wh z? Jh Rw h w h whp h h w w . D h-py h .

Sph H p reverse Trasymacheanism, - h ph Tyh P Republic. Tyh -h pp h h j h -

h . P, H, py h, hy h h w h pp p: j- h h w (H 2004: 182). Fw h p E L,9 D h Tyh- p h, xph. I ,h h b - .C: Rw p, h w b oury, us,

9 Levinas philosophy might be summarized by the motto I eel guilty, thereore I am. Consider: My be-

ing-in-the-world or my place in the sun, my being at home, have these not also been the assumption ospaces belonging to the other man whom I already have oppressed or starved, or driven out into a thirdworld; are they not acts o repulsing, excluding, exiling, stripping, killing? (Sean Hand, ed., Te LevinasReader, Oxord: Basil Blackwell, 989, p. 84).


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4

REflEcTIONSON

WESTERN


EXTINcTIONV

IAlIbERAlOPENNESS

h x . D h p by bh h . T y b hpy h by , h why h, hy y h y y. D h phph-

b, hw h wh qy b pb wh y p . E h h p h q h bw (hpy) (h).I pb h bw by, h h h p, h w pp,h y, h . I -x h p -

.I A F p b PC -, W h y h xp y , pp: I y -, p h. I h, w w y - h Oh h h h Oh y p h h enemy. T : B w wh y h- pby; w w Oh hy(F 2004: 29). I, xph h p h

h h Oh xphb,h . Sh h h b y .

T h wh w h y hq b xph. Ch by I -py b . I q -M, wh py b y W xp bh y . T w py py: b- hpy. I W Ep h h -y p ( p h), wh h wb h M y , Ep w y h h w y . U h y xph, h W w w wh b b whp. Wh h y p, M h W, h y p h Ep

W to Islam. A h p w b

W b h w p, w b y. Lb p, w, h W z, h h


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pp h w b , b h h - h h h bh hph h p. A p h -p b p p h -

h h y, h z h h Oh y wh b b. Cy, h W - wh z h b.

Received 2007 03 17Accepted 2007 03 28

rEFErEnCEs

1. Ay, J., A, K.2005. Foucault and the Iranian Revolution. Ch L: Uy Ch P.2. Bz, J. 2000. From Dawn to Decadence. Nw Y: Hp C Pbh.3. B, J. 2002. Te Spirit of errorism. Nw Y: V.4. B, A. 1987. Te Closing of the American Mind. Nw Y: S Sh.5. B, G. 2003. Philosophyin aimeerror: Dialogues with Jrgen Habermas and Jacques Derrida .Ch: Uy Ch P.6. Ch, N. 2007. Whats Left? How Liberals Lost Teir Way, L: Fh E.7. D, J. 1992. T F Lw, Deconstruction and the Possibility of Justice, . D. C .,Nw Y, L: R.8. D, J. 1996. Specters of Marx: Te State of the Debt, the Work of Mourning, and the New Interna-tional, . P. K. Nw Y: V.9. D, J. 1999.Adieu to Emmanuel Levinas, . P. K h. S: S Uy

P.10. F, A. 1995. Te Defeat of the Mind, . J. F. Nw Y: Cb UyP.11. F, A. 2004. I h N h Oh, Az, A 2004, N. 18.12. F, M. 1984. Nzh, Gy, Hy, Te Foucault Reader, . by P Rbw.Hwh: P B.13. F, N. 1995. F Rb R? D J P-S A, New Left Review, I/212, Jy-A.14. G, P. 1998. After Liberalism: Mass Democracy in the Managerial State. P: PUy P.15. G, P. 2005. Te Strange Death of Marxism, Mp: Uy M P, 2005.16. H, S. 2004. Explaining Postmodernism: Skepticism and Socialism from Rousseau to Foucault. p,

Az Nw B/Mw, W: Shy Pbh.

17. Hwz, D. 2004. Unholy Alliance: Radical Islam and the American Left. Wh, D.C.: RyPbh.18. J, B., . 1952. Te Ethics of Redistribution. Cb: Cb Uy P.19. K, J. 1997.Against Liberalism, Ih L: C Uy P.20. K, J. 2003. Te Illusions of Egalitarianism, Ih L: C Uy P.21. Kw, L. 1981.Main Currents of Marxism , . 3. Ox: Ox Uy P.22. L, G. 1996.Moral Politics. Ch: T Uy Ch P.23. L, V. 1963. T h, Reader in Marxist Philosophy, S, H., M,H. (.). Nw Y: I Pbh.24. Lh, F. 1983. Criticism and Social Change. Ch: Uy Ch P.25. My, Ch. 1984. L G: A S Py, 1950 1980. Nw Y: B B.26. Nb, R. 1953. Te Quest for Community. Nw Y: Ox Uy P.27. Rw, J. 1971. A Ty J . Cb, Mh: T Bp P.28. Sw, . 1995. Te Vision of the Anointed. Nw Y: B B.29. Sy, M. 2006.America Alone: Te End of the World as We Know It, Wh, D.C.: Ry Pb-h, I.30. Wy, A. 1991 Te Rise of Radical Egalitarianism. Wh: A Uy P.


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EXTINcTIONV

IAlIbERAlOPENNESS

A l g i d a D e g t i

APIE VAKAR SAVIGRIOV:LUGIMAS PER LIBERALJ AVIRUM

sAnTrAuKA

P , pj V y-j b pj pj, y p j bz y. j y-z z y b y y y. p p bz

y j b -y j . j, y j, yb, j p. yb p V- yb . K j, y j -, j y V z j , V b . Lbj bj j, b p y Vyb j. D p bj j y - j yj. Kp z j, p j y j p .

r a k ta od i a i : bz, p , -j, V .

algirdas degutis - apie vakarų savigriovą - žlugimas per liberalųjį atvirumą

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