all about permanent teeth

8/10/2019 All About Permanent Teeth

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All About Permanent TeethByNaghman Zuberion Friday, April 13, 2012 at 10:48am

Maxillary Central Incisor (#8 And #9)

Lobes:

4 lobes

3 a!ial

mesial: mesial marginal ridge and mesial part o labial sura!e

distal: distal marginal ridge and distal part o the labial sura!e

labial: labial ridge "not #ery prominent$

1 lingual

lingual: !ingulum

Chronoloy:

%ruption o de!iduous: 10 months

%ruption o permanent: &'8 years

(al!i)!ation initiation: 3'4 months

Inter!roximal contacts: (And heihts o" contour)

mesial: in!isal 1*3

distal: +un!tion o in!isal 1*3 and middle 1*3

All !onta!ts are !entered a!iolingually

eihts o" contour:

Bu!!al * labial * a!ial: +un!tion o in!isal 1*3 and middle 1*3 "one sour!e !laims

(er#i!al 3rd$

lingual: !er#i!al 1*3

$mbrasures:

%mbrasures bet-een the t-o .a/ !entral in!isors is smaller than bet-een .a/

!entral and laterals

%oot:

ingle root single pulp !anal root is longer than !ro-n .ost liely tooth to

ha#e 1 root !anal

Fa!ial #ie-: pulp !hamber -ith 3 pulp horns !one'shaped -ith blunt ape/

pointing slightly distal
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5ingual #ie-: !one'shaped, tapers distally slightly

(ross'se!tional #ie-: "triangular$ mesial aspe!t longer

6ulp !a#ity is 7attened mesiodistally

&acial ' labial ' buccal:

utline is trape9oidal

5abial sura!e is smooth and !on#e/ in the !er#i!al 3rd

anatomi!al !ro-n is longer than -ide "also -ider at in!isal edge$

mesial outline is relati#ely straight or only slightly !on#e/

distal outline is more !on#e/ than mesial outline

in!isal outline is straight

mamelons present on ne-ly erupted teeth "rounded terminations o 3 labial

lobes$

mesioin!isal angle is a right angle istoin!isal angle is more rounded

(%; !ur#ed !on#e/ to-ard ape/

light de#elopmental depressions and ridges "distolabial and mesiolabial

depressions$

Linual:


3/33

n!isal edge bise!ts the a!iolingual diameter on line -ith root !enter

>n!isal sura!e slopes to-ard the lingual

6oint o !on#e/ity is at !ingulum ? distal to it@s !enter

mesial and distal !onta!t points !entered labiolingually

mesioa!ial and distoa!ial line angles are more prominent than .5 and 5 line

angles

F is more rounded than .F

e#elopmental depressions and ridges seen on labial sura!e

.esial and distal marginal ridges are present

Maxillary Lateral Incisor (# And #*+)

Chronoloy:

eruption o de!iduous: 11 months

eruption o permanent: 8' years

!al!i)!ation initiation: 10'12 months

Inter!roximal contacts:

.esial'distal !onta!t points

mesial: +un!tion o in!isal and middle 1*3

distal: middle 1*3

"Both are !entered a!io'lingually$

eihts o" contour:

a!ial: !er#i!al 1*3


%oot:

single "similar to ma/ !entral in!isor$ 1 pulp !anal 1 !hamber pointed to-ard

distal 2 pulp horns

'root is as long or longer than the ma/ !entral in!isor and (%; is

!on#e/ to-ard ape/

!ross'se!tion o root: o#oid shape

oot is !one shaped and tapers api!ally ? root tip pointed and eCually as long as

!entral

$mbrasures:The incisal e"rasure "et#een Ma$ lat and canine is the

largest incisal e"rasure

,eneral:

%aries in for ore than any other tooth &e$ception 'rd olars(


4/33

)e$* peg+shaped laterals, dens in dente, t#isted roots, etc-

Most fre.uently congenitally a"sent anterior tooth

imilar to ma/ !entral in!isor e/!ept smaller in dimensions, "e/!ept root length$,

.ore rounded, more pronoun!ed mesial = distal marginal ridges, lingual ossa is

deeper

"ne te/t states this tooth has the largest lingual fossa)


5/33

utline is triangular

appears -ider than the mesial #ie-

istal aspe!t !ur#es more lingually than the mesial to !onorm to o!!lusal ar!h

shape

!er#i!al line !ur#ature is less than mesial "G 1mm less$

A de#elopmental groo#e may be present on the distal o !ro-n e/tending do-n

root

Incisal:

utline is o#oid

(ontour is more !on#e/ be!ause !ingulum is so mu!h bigger

(rest o the !ingulum is slightly distal to the !enter o the tooth

5 line angle is more rounded than .5 angle

Both o these line angles more rounded than the ma/ !entral in!isor

.esial and distal !onta!t areas are !entered labiolingually

>n!isal sura!e*edge is angled lingually

Mandibular Central Incisor (#-. And #-/)

Chronoloy:


eruption o permanent: H'& years


Inter!roximal Contacts:

mesial'distal !onta!t points are at same le#els

mesial: in!isal 1*3

distal: in!isal 1*3

eihts o" contour:

bu!!al: !er#i!al 1*3


%oot:

ingle "#ery narro- mesiodistally$ !ur#es distally in some !ases "o#oid or round$

oot is longer than !ro-n length

Isually 1 pulp !anal "may ha#e 2 ' !alled Fa!ial and 5ingual pulp

!anals$

Broader F5 "than .$

oot may ha#e broad de#elopmental depression along its length "deeper on

distal than on mesial$

oot tapers api!ally near the middle 3rd


6/33

,eneral:

/nly syetrical tooth in outh

1st su!!edaneous 2th to erupt

Sallest adult tooth Sallest M0 diension of any cro#n1

ets in +a- -ith root api!es a!ial and !ro-ns lingual

Jider F5 than .

Labial:


in!isal outline is straight "mamelons present -hen )rst erupt$

!ro-n appro/imately t-i!e as long as -ide

mesial and distal outlines are straight to the !onta!t point and then taper

"narro-$ to !er#i/

mesioin!isal and distoin!isal line angles are sharp "0K$

no de#elopmental depressions

labial sura!e is 7at in in!isal 1*3 and be!omes more !on#e/ !er#i!ally

Linual:


lightly !on!a#e in!isally but no distinct lingual fossa

.esial and distal marginal ridges are only minor ele#ations

(ingulum is mu!h less distin!t than in the ma/illary in!isors

no de#elopmental groo#es

Mesial:


5abial outline is !on#e/, height o !ontour is !er#i!al 3rd

Incisal edge lies lingual to line "isecting the root

.esial (%; !ur#es in!isally about 1 mm more than on the distal

Broader labiolingually than mesiodistally

Upon wearing of the tooth, the incisal edge will angle to the facial.


7/33

Incisal:

utline is o#oid

symmetry o tooth is ob#ious "mesial M and distal 12 are almost identi!al$

in!isal edge is at right angles to a line bise!ting the !ro-n labiolingually "in!isal

edge lies lingual to !enter o tooth$

tooth !on#erges lingually ? the . -idth o a!ial bigger than . -idth o lingual

!onta!t areas !entered F5'ly

Mandibular Lateral Incisor (#-0 And #-1)

Chronoloy:


eruption o permanent: &'8 years


Inter!roximal contact !oints:

mesial: in!isal 1*3

distal: in!isal 1*3 "more !er#i!al$

eihts o" contour:



%oot:

"o#oid or round$ 1 pulp !anal

similar to mand !entral in!isor but slightly larger

depression on the distal is deeper than on the mand !entral in!isor

,eneral:

Larger than central incisor"-ider !ro-n . than the !entral in!isor$

ll extra width appears to !e added to the distal aspect of

the tooth

5ong a/es are positioned -ith root api!es a!ially and !ro-ns lingually

5arger than the mandibular !entral in!isor

.ost liely "along -ith mand !entral$ o all in!isors to ha#e both mesial

and distal !on!a#ities

Labial:

incisal edge slopes do#n#ard distally

distal !ro-n height is oten shorter than the mesial !ro-n height

.esioin!isal angle is sharp "0K$

istoin!isal angle is rounded


8/33

Linual:

5ingual aspe!ts mat!h the lingual sura!e o the mandibular !entral

in!isor

Mesial and istal:


.esial and distal aspe!ts are Cuite similar

istal de#elopmental depression on the root is more mared than on the mesial

>n!isal edge is lingual to a line bise!ting the root

in!isal edge slopes labially

more o a!ial sura!e o tooth is #isible rom the distal due to lingual t#ist of

the distal part of the cro#n

rom the mesial, the distoin!isal tip is #isible

Incisal:

in!isal edge lingual to the !enter o the tooth

tooth is not symmetri!al: distal part o the !ro-n appears to be !ur#ed lingually

as i the distal part is t-isted on the root

F line angle is positioned more lingual

Maxillary Canine (#1 And #**)

Chronoloy:


eruption o permanent: 11'12 years

!al!i)!ation initiation: 4' months


mesial: +un!tion o in!isal 1*3 and middle 1*3

distal: middle 1*3

eihts o" contour:



$mbrasures:


9/33

5ingual #ie-: Narro-er than a!ial smooth and !on#e/ de#elopmental

depressions on the mesial and distal "more prominent on distal$

.esial #ie-: (oni!al broad F5 rom !er#i#!al line to "1*2 ? 2*3$ length, .esial

de#elopmental depression present !usp tip labial to root bise!t

istal #ie-: e)nite !on!a#ity bet-een !onta!t and !er#i!al line, (er#i!al line is

7atter than mesial@s but it !ur#es to-ards the in!isal edge distal marginal ridge

is hea#ier and more irregular in outline de#elopmental depression on root is

more pronoun!ed than mesial@s

(ross'se!tion: o#oid gets more o#oid as you get !loser to ape/ "ha#ing only one

pulp horn$

The a$illary canine is the tooth #ith the longest single root

!ornerstone o the ar!h

#ery important rom an estheti! and un!tional aspe!t

oten last remaining tooth in the ar!h

guide mandibular mo#ements

!anine eminen!e "bone under gums$ helps support the a!ial mus!ulature

long roots ? stable: support bridges, dentures, et!

thic2est 3L root

,eneral:

5arger than mandibular !anine

5ongest tooth in ar!h "2&O mm$


10/33


11/33

Inter!roximal contact !oints: (heihts o" contour)

mesial: in!isal 1*3

distal: middle 1*3

eihts o" contour:



%oot:

ingle root oten !ur#ed to mesial "typi!ally$

1 pulp horn mostly 1 pulp !anal, sometime has 2 sometimes biur!ated root

be!ause de#elopmental depression splits at api!al end

oot !ur#ature 'i present' is mesial "unusual$

'more prounou!ed distal root !on!a#ity than that on mesial

'root is shorter by 1'2 mm than ma/ !anine

!ross'se!tion: o#oid gets more o#oid as you get !loser to ape/ ' in !ross se!tion,

the root is 7attened in a mesiodistal dire!tion

Most li2ely anterior tooth to have 4 roots or 4 root canals5"ifurcation

,eneral:

(ompared to ma/ !anine: narro-er ., mesial = distal ridges are not as buly,

!usp height is shorter

more symmetri!al !ro-n than ma/ !anine

general shape -hen #ie-ed rom the a!ial or lingual aspe!t is a pentagon

F5 measurement is greater than . measurement

e#elops rom 4 lobes ? 3 labial "middle best de#eloped ? orming !usp$ and one

lingual

Labial ' &acial:

(usp height is 1* o !ro-n height, as opposed to 1*3 in ma/illa

(ro-n is narro-ed . than the ma/illary !anine ">s broader F5 though$

(ro-n is as long or longer in!isogingi#ally than ma/ !anine

.esial !usp arm is shorter than distal !usp arm

.esial outline is straight and in line -ith mesial outline o the root

istal outline is !on#e/ and o#erhangs the root "!ro-n appears bent distally on

root$

Linual:

imilar to ma/ !anine e/!ept not as pronoun!ed*de#eloped

5ingual aspe!t is relati#ely 7at = smooth

5ess de#eloped "relati#e to ma/illary$ !ingulum and mesial = distal marginal

ridges and mesiolingual = distolingual ossa


12/33

(ro-n and root narro- lingually "Jedge shape, and mu!h sura!e !an be seen$

Mesial:

(er#i!al 1*3 narro-er "-here is base o !ro-n$, in!isal portion is thinner ".$,

labial is less !ur#ed than ma/ !anine "!ing et!$

5ingual outline is more !on!a#e than ma/ !anine due to less prominent !ingulum

(usp tip is lingual to line bise!ting root rom pro/imal #ie- "uh$

(ontinuous !on#e/ a!ial sura!e rom in!isal to api!al end, -hen #ie-ed rom

the pro/imal aspe!t

-hen #ie-ed rom the a pro/imal point, a line bise!ting the root -ill pass bu!!al

to the !usp tip

istal:

!ur#ature o (%; is less on distal than on mesial

distal de#elopmental depression is deeper than on mesial

Incisal:

labial outline is less !on#e/ and a!ial ridge is less de#eloped than ma/illary

!anine "does not bulge out as mu!h$

mesial and distal marginal ridges are less de#eloped than ma/ !anine ".arginal

ridges are lingual stru!tures$

(usp tip is slightly lingual

.esial !usp arm is in!lined slightly lingual

Mandibular

(ro-n is smaller

>n!isal margin 1* !ro-n length

5ingual ura!e is 7atter

5ess prominent anatomi!al eatures

.ore symmetri!al !ro-n

Maxillary

(ro-n is larger

.ared !on#ergen!e to-ard !er#i!al area

>n!isal margin 1*3 o !ro-n height

All anatomi!al eatures 'ridges, ossae et! more prominent

.ared asymmetry -hen #ie-ed rom in!isal


13/33

Chronoloy:

eruption o de!iduous: "epla!es ma/ 1st molar '


!al!i)!ation initiation: 1 ' 2 years


mesial: middle 1*3 ">nterpro/imal !onta!ts are oLset bu!!al$

distal: middle 1*3 ">nterpro/imal !onta!ts are oLset bu!!al$ ? 5o!ated

+ust a bit more !er#i!al than the mesial

eihts o" contour:


lingual: middle 1*3

%oot:

single root "0P$

only premolar -ith biur!ated roots "0P'''2 !anals used together$ "Bu!!al and

lingual$


14/33

Mesial:


(usp tip is lo!ated -ithin !on)nes o root sura!es

mesial !usp ridge is longer than its distal !usp ridge ' only tooth -here

mesioin!isal is longer than the distoin!isal

Both !usps are #isible, and the bu!!al !usp is 1 mm taller, straighter, = less

pointed than lingual !usp "more !on#e/$

mesial !on!a#ity is belo- !onta!t point "middle 1*3$ allo-s easy distinguish rom

distal

mesial de#elopmental depression * !on!a#ity present, note ma/illary se!ond

premolars don@t ha#e this

mesial marginal ridge de#elopmental groo#e is present "


15/33

!al!i)!ation initiation: 2'2 Q years

Inter!roximal contact !oints: (same as heiht o" contour)

mesial: middle 1*3

distal: middle 1*3

eihts o" contour:


lingual: middle 1*3

%oot:

ingle root is typi!al 40P ha#e 2 !anals

oot length is same as in ma/ 16.

broad B5, narro- .

no de#elopmental groo#e depressionR

bu!!olingual se!tion: 2 pulp horns o eCual height "usually 1 !anal$

mesiodistal se!tion: resembles !anine "same as ma/ )rst premolar$

trans#erse se!tion: o#al shaped, !igar shaped pulp !a#ity

,eneral:

esembles ma/illary )rst premolar'''more rounded, less angular, more #ariation,

single'rooted

2uccal:

similar to ma/ )rst premolar

5ess prominent than 16.: .B and B line angles, bu!!al !usp ridge, bu!!al

de#elopmental depressions less prominent than 16.

.B !usp ridge is shorter than B !usp ridge

Bu!!al !usp not as long as in 16.? bu!!al !usp ridge is not as ob#ious


16/33

istal:

similar to mesial (%; is more straight

3cclusal:

hape is rounded or o#al

.B and B line angles are more rounded

5ess lingual !on#ergen!e

II


!al!i)!ation initiation: 1 ? 2 years

>nterpro/imal !onta!t points:

mesial: middle 1*3

distal: middle 1*3 "broader than mesial$

eihts o" contour:

bu!!al: +un!tion o middle 1*3 and !er#i!al 1*3

lingual: middle 1*3

%oot:

ingle root

rounded, !ur#es distally groo#ed longitudinally "mesial groo#e more mared$

may be biur!ated, but rare

2uccal:

hape is trape9oidal

prominent bu!!al ridge

-ell'de#eloped middle bu!!al lobe

mesial !usp arm is shorter than distal !usp arm

mesial outline is straight*slightly !on!a#e

distal outline is slightly !on!a#e

!er#i/ is mu!h narro-er mesiodistally than the !ro-n -idth at the !onta!t points

Linual:

lingual !usp is small and may resemble !anine !ingulum

!ro-n and root taper rom bu!!al to lingual


17/33

o!!lusal sura!e slopes lingually in a !er#i!al dire!tion

mesial and distal outlines are !on!a#e rom !er#i!al margin'!onta!t areas

only premolar that has a mesiolingual de#elopmental groo#e "demar!ates lingual

lobe rom mesioa!ial lobe'''separates mesial marginal ridge rom lingual !usp$

root tapers to pointed ape/

more de#elopmental depressions or groo#es mesially on root

Mesial:

hape is rhomboidal

bu!!al outline is #ery !ur#ed*!on#e/

lingual outline is mu!h less !on#e/

bu!!al !usp tip is !entered o#er the midline o the root

lingual !usp tip on a line -ith lingual border o root

distan!e rom (%; to lingual !usp tip is 2*3 distan!e rom (%; to bu!!al !usp tip

istal:

only tooth in -hi!h the mesial marginal ridge is at a lo-er le#el than the distal

marginal ridge "slopes !er#i!ally rom bu!!al to lingual = not perpendi!ular lie

most other teeth$

distal marginal ridge almost at right angles to the long a/is o tooth

root shallo- de#elopmental depression but not groo#e

3cclusal:

mesio' and disto' bu!!al line angles prominent yet rounded

mesial and distal !onta!ts !entered labiolingually

bu!!al and lingual triangular ridges +oined together to orm a single ridge !alled

the trans#erse ridge Sseparates mesial o!!lusal ossa rom distal o!!lusal ossaT

"bu!!al triangular ridge larger than lingual triangular ridge$

distal o!!lusal ossa is larger than mesial o!!lusal ossa

!usps separated by a !entral groo#e as in ma/illary premolars

Mandibular 4econd Premolar (#-+ And #-9)

Chronoloy:

eruption o de!iduous: N %(>II

eruption o permanent: 10'13 years "usually erupt ater the ma/illary !anine but

may o!!ur along -ith it$

!al!i)!ation initiation: 1 ? 2 years


mesial: middle 1*3

distal: middle 1*3


18/33

eihts o" contour:

bu!!al: +un!tion o middle 1*3 and !er#i!al 1*3

lingual: middle 1*3

%oot:

ingle root that !ur#es distally

root ape/ is more blunt and longer than mandibular )rst premolar

,eneral:

2 types o .andibular 2nd premolar e/ist:

*)3 !usp type S1 a!ial = 2 lingualT " lobes$ ''' most !ommon

bu!!al !usp U mesiolingual !usp U distolingual !usp

-)2 !usp type "4 lobes$

2uccal:

resembles mandibular )rst premolar

bu!!al !usp is shorter and less pointed than that o mand )rst premolar

Linual:

diLers rom !ro-n o mand )rst premolarVlingual lobes are better de#eloped

3 !usp type'''2 lingual !usps "mesiolingual and distolingual !usps$ are separated

by lingual groo#e

Mesial:

hape is rhomboidal

diLeren!es rom mand )rst premolar

'!ro-n and root are -ider bu!!olingually than mand )rst premolar

'bu!!al !usp tip is not as lingually pla!ed

'lingual and bu!!al !usps are more eCual in si9e

'mesial marginal ridge is at right angles to the long a/is o the tooth

'no mesiolingual de#elopmental groo#e

!an only see 2 !usps rom this #ie-

istal:

imilar to mesial e/!ept that distal marginal ridge is at a lo-er le#elV!an see all 3

!usps

3cclusal:

0 cus! ty!e "most !ommon, orming a W'shape more !ommon$

2 lingual !usps and 1 bu!!al


19/33

de#elopmental groo#es separate !usps to orm a W'shape on o!!lusal "mesial,

distal, = lingual$

!entral pit'''-here the 3 groo#es meet

mesial triangular ossa and distal triangular ossa

large mesiolingual groo#e that separates the mesial marginal ridge rom the

lingual !usp

- cus! ty!e"D'shaped and I'shaped'''I'shaped is least !ommon$

outline is rounded

lingual !on#ergen!e o mesial and distal marginal ridgesVlingual !usp -ell

de#eloped

mesiolingual and distolingual line angles are rounded

!entral de#elopmental groo#e, mesial and distal de#elopmental ossa

may or may not ha#e mesial and distal de#elopmental pits

,eneral Characteristics o"

MA5ILLA%6 C$7T%AL I7CI43%

.ember o in!isal !lassi)!ation o teeth

Ised to !ut or in!ise ood

ho#el'shaped

2 in ma/illary ar!h

u!!edaneous teeth "repla!es primary tooth$

4 lobes "3 a!ial and 1 lingual'''mesiolabial, middle labial, distolabial, and lingual

lobes$

%rupts at &'8 years o age


MA5ILLA%6 LAT$%AL I7CI43%

supplements the !entral in!isor in un!tion

#aries in orm more than any other tooth in the mouth e/!ept or 3rd molars

'peg'shaped laterals, dens in dente, t-isted roots, et!

most reCuently !ongenitally absent anterior tooth

roughly same anatomy as ma/illary !entral in!isor e/!ept things more

pronoun!ed


MA7I2LA% I7CI43%4


20/33

used to in!ise or !ut ood

4 in number: 2 !entral and 2 laterals

ha#e smaller mesiodistal diameters than any other teeth "mandibular !entral

in!isor is the smallest tooth$

mandibular in!isors are broader bu!!olingually than mesiodistally "opposite to

ma/illary in!isors$

4 lobes "3 labial and 1 lingual$


CA7I7$4

single pointed !usp "!uspids$

designed to tear, pier!e, and hold ood

teeth -ith longest and thi!est "a!iolingually$ roots'''stable

teeth orm !ornerstone o ar!h

#ery important teeth rom an estheti! and un!tional aspe!t

oten last remaining tooth in ar!h

prominent ridge o bone on the labial aspe!t'''!anine eminen!e

help support a!ial mus!ulature

loss o !anine teeth !hanges shape o a!e in this area

guiding teeth: mandibular !anine slide along lingual sura!e o ma/illary !anine

and guides mandible

long roots: good an!hors or support or prostheses

de#elops rom 4 lobes "3 labial and 2 lingual$ Smiddle labial lobe is best

de#elopedT


MA5ILLA%6 P%$M3LA%4

4 in ma/illary ar!h

o!!lusal sura!e

2 !usps: lingual "un!tional !usp$ and a!ial "non'un!tional !usp$

do not reer to as bi!uspids

su!!edaneous teeth "repla!e de!iduous molars$

de#elop rom 4 lobes "B, .B, and B$ and "1 lingual$ S-ell de#eloped middle

a!ial lobeVa!ial !uspT

!entral de#elopmental groo#e is demar!ation bet-een lingual and a!ial lobes

ma/illary )rst premolar is bigger than ma/illary se!ond premolar

ma/illary premolars are more similar than the mandibular premolars


21/33

!usps are appro/imately the eCual in si9e

!ro-ns are !entered o#er the root -ith a slight i any lingual in!lination

ma/illary )rst premolar normally has 2 roots

height o !ontour o lingual pro)le is at midportion o !ro-n

ma/illary )rst premolar: mesial marginal ridge de#elopmental groo#e

Eeneral (hara!teristi!s o

MA7I2LA% P%$M3LA%4

su!!edaneous teeth "repla!e de!iduous molars$

misleading to reer to them as bi!uspids

mandibular )rst premolar de#elops rom 4 lobes "3 a!ial and 1 lingual$ V2 !usps

mandibular se!ond molar de#elops rom 4 or lobes "3 a!ial and 1'2 lingual$V2'

3 !usps

mandibular se!ond premolar is bigger than mandibular )rst premolar

lingual !usp"s$ are less prominent than the bu!!al !usp

!ro-ns are mared -ith lingual in!lination

mandibular )rst premolar has one root

height o !ontour o lingual pro)le is !loser to !usp tip

mandibular )rst premolar: mesiolingual de#elopmental groo#e

2 !usp premolar 3 !usp premolar

4 lobes lobes

1$lingual

1$mesiolingual

2$mesioa!ial

2$distoa!ial

3$middlea!ial

3$mesioa!ial

4$distoa!ial

4$middlea!ial

$distoa!ial


MA5ILLA%6 M3LA%4

3 roots''''2 bu!!al, 1 lingual "the largest$


22/33

4 !usps''''3 ma+or !usps, 1 smaller !usp "1st molar has th !usp$

.5 !usp is the largest

.5, .B, and B !usps orm a triangle''''trigon or primary !usp triangle

B !usp is the smallest and de!reases in si9e rom the )rst to the third molar

!ro-ns are broader B5 than .

B !usp is !onne!ted to .5 !usp by an obliCue ridge

!ro-n relati#ely short o!!luso'!er#i!ally

Eeneral (hara!teristi!s o

MA7I2LA% M3LA%4

largest mandibular teeth

#ariations in numbers o !usps

'generally !usps in 1st, 4 !usps in 2nd

teeth broader mesiodistally than bu!!olingually

1st molar has lobes and !usps

2nd molar has 4 lobes and 4 !usps

T$$T TI2IT4

All teeth are trape9oidal in shape rom the bu!!al aspe!t

>n most teeth, the distal !onta!t point is positioned more !er#i!ally than mesial

!onta!t point "e#en i it is lo!ated in the same 1*3 o tooth$

All teeth are broad on a!ial and narro- on lingual

All teeth ha#e a greater bu!!olingual dimension than mesiodistal

dimension$5C$PT: mandibular molars

ma/illary in!isors "!entral and lateral$

All teeth are shorter as you go anterior to posterior be!ause distal marginal ridge

is usually shorter than mesial marginal ridge $5C$PT: mandibular )rst premolar

.esial marginal ridge is usually perpendi!ular or most

teeth $5C$PT: mandibular )rst premolar "slopes !er#i!ally rom bu!!al to

lingual$

A55 ma/illary molars "permanent 1'3 and primary 1'2$ ha#e obliCue ridges


23/33

eciduous entition Chronoloy:

First sign o tooth de#elopment: H'& -ees "in utero$

(al!i)!ation begins: 13'1H -ees "in utero$

(al!i)!ation o all teeth ha#e begun: 18'20 -ees

6rimary dentition !ompleted: 2 ' 3 years

(ompletion o root de#elopment or primary dentition: 1 yr ater eruption

mandibular !entral in!isorXXXXXX8 months

ma/illary !entral in!isorXXXXXXX10 months

ma/illary lateral in!isorXXXXXXX11 months

mandibular lateral in!isorXXXXXX13 months

ma/illary )rst molarXXXXXXXXX1H months "generally !efore mandi!ular

#rst molar)

mandibular )rst molarXXXXXXXX1H months

.a/illary !anineXXXXXXXXXXXX1 months

mandibular !anineXXXXXXXXXXX20 months

mandibular se!ond molarXXXXXX2& months

ma/illary se!ond molarXXXXXXXX2 months

Permanent entition Chronoloy:

Calcication initiation:

"1st part to !al!iy is the !ro-n$

Incisors' 3'4 months

e/!ept: ma/illary lateral in!isor: 10'12 months

Canines:4' months

Premolars: 1 ? 2 years

ma/ 1st : 1 M ' 1 Y years ma/ 2nd : 2' 2 Q years

mand 1st: 1 Y ' 2 years mand 2nd: 2 Q ' 2 M years

*st molars: B>


24/33

ma/: 2 M ' 3 years mand: 2 M ' 3 years

0rd molars: &'10 years

ma/: &' years mand: 8 ? 10 years

Calcication com!lete: ;1*2 time o eruptionTO1 year

%oot de


25/33

!al!i)!ation initiation: B>


26/33

.5 and 5 !usps separated by lingual groo#e "ends in the middle o the lingual

sura!e$

.5 !usp 3* mesiodistal -idth o tooth

'.5 broader and the longest and the largest

'.5 !usp has (usp o (arabelli

istal:

!ro-n !onstri!ts to-ard distal "bu!!al aspe!t is #isible rom distal$

3 roots #isible

biur!ation is about mm api!al to (%;

distal root smoothly rounded

B !on!a#ity around the !er#i!al area

'5 is spheroidal

Mesial:

hape is trape9oidal

tooth !on#erges o!!lusally "ma/imum B5 -idth is at !er#i/$

only .B and .5 !usp are #isible

!er#i!ally to !onta!t area, shallo- !on!a#ity -hi!h e/tends to the mesial area o

the root trun

mesiobu!!al and lingual roots #isible

'.B root is broad B5, hides B root

'lingual root is narro- B5 "banana'shaped$ 0P !ur#es bu!!ally

'le#el o biur!ation 3 mm api!al to (%;

3cclusal:

hape is rhomboidal

a!ute angles .B and 5

obtuse angles .5 and B

!ro-n -ider bu!!olingually than mesiodistally

mesial aspe!t U distal

only tooth -hi!h broadens to-ard the lingual

.5 !usp largest U .B U B U 5 U )th !usp o (usp o (arabelli

.5, .B, and B !usps are rom the primary molar triangle "trigon$

obliCue ridge distolingual !usp ridge o the .5 !usp and the triangular ridge o

the B !usp

'obliCue ridge is the same le#el in !enter as the marginal ridges

2 ma+or ossae

'!entral ossa lies in the !enter o the trigon mesial to the obliCue

ridge, roughly triangular

'distal ossa distal to obliCue ridge, roughly linear

2 minor ossa


27/33

'mesial triangular ossa

'distal triangular ossa

!entral pit: !entral de#elopmental groo#e, bu!!al groo#e, trans#erse groo#e o

the obliCue ridge

distal pit: distal obliCue groo#e, lingual groo#e

Maxillary 4econd Molar (#- And #*/)

Chronoloy:



!al!i)!ation initiation: 2 M '3 years


mesial: middle 1*3 "oLset to bu!!al$

distal: middle 1*3 "oLset to bu!!al$

eihts o" contour:


lingual: middle 1*3

,eneral:

!ro-n is smaller, shorter, more rhomboidal than ma/illary 1st molar

2 o!!lusal types:

1$ rhomboidal "resembles 1st molar$'''most !ommon

2$ heart'shaped "resembles 3rd molar$'''-hen 5 is absent

roots are as long or longer, distally in!lined

5 !usp is smaller

B !usp is less de#eloped

No !usp o (arabelli

2uccal:

!ro-n is shorter and narro-er mesiodistally

B !usp is smaller

roots are more parallel and in!lined to distal

.B root ape/ is in line -ith bu!!al groo#e

Linual:

5 !usp is mu!h smaller

lingual root is narro-er mesiodistally

lingual root distal in!lination

'ape/ lines up -ith 5 !usp tip


28/33

no (usp o (arabelli

Mesial:

similar to ma/ 1st molar but shorter !ro-n height

same B5 -idth as the ma/ 1st

roots do not di#erge as mu!h''''!on)ned -ithin !ro-n -idth

istal:

!ro-n !on#erges to-ards the distal

B and 5 !usps are smaller and mu!h o the o!!lusal sura!e and .5 !usp

#isible

all 3 roots #isible

3cclusal:

hape is more rhomboidal

.B, .5 !usps are -ell'de#eloped

B5 dimension similar to 1st, . smaller

B and 5 !usps less de#eloped '''tooth !onstri!ts to-ards the distal

!ro-n !on#erges to-ards the lingual

more #ariable pit and groo#e anatomy

some ha#e no 5 !usp'''heart'shaped

Maxillary Third Molar (#* And #*1)

Chronoloy:


eruption o permanent: 1&'21 years "generally ater ma/illary 3rd molar$

!al!i)!ation initiation: &' years

,eneral:

most #ariable tooth anatomy in dentition

smaller . and !er#i!o'o!!lusally, less de#eloped than the ma/ 2nd

molar

may resemble 1st or 2nd molar

5 !usp is poorly de#eloped or absent

1 lingual !usp usually

heart'shaped o!!lusal usually

roots are shorter and usually used "3$

Mandibular &irst Molar (#*9 And #0+)

Chronoloy:


29/33

eruption o de!iduous: 1H months "generally ater the ma/illary )rst molar$

eruption o permanent: H years "generally beore the ma/illary )rst molar$

!al!i)!ation initiation: B>


30/33

'mesial !usps are taller*higher than distal !usps

tooth !on#erges distolingually

!ro-n has a lingual tilt in relation to its root a/is

.B !usp in line -ith bu!!al 1*3 mesial root

lingual !usp tip in line -ith lingual 1*3 o the root

blunt root ape/ that lies under .B !usp slight mesial de#elopmental depression

on root

!er#i!al line !ur#es o!!lusally''''1 mm !er#i!al line is higher lingually than

bu!!ally

istal:

more tooth #isible'''!an see all !usps "tooth is shorter and narro-er to distal$

distal marginal ridge is shorter and dips !er#i!ally

B de#elopmental groo#e ends on distal sura!e at distobu!!al line angle'''!an

see B groo#e

distal !usp maes up the distal !onta!t

3cclusal:

hape is he/agonal or H sided

. -idth o !ro-n is greater than B5

!ro-n is -ider B5 on mesial aspe!t "tapers distally$

!ro-n is -ider . on bu!!al aspe!t "tapers lingually$'''be!ause the 3rd !usp is

on bu!!al

.B U .5 U or 5 U B U

most bu!!al sura!e #isible

tooth narro-s mesiodistally

1 ma+or ossa !entral ossa''''!ir!ular, !entrally pla!ed bet-een !usp ridges

boundaries o !entral ossa

'distal slope o .B !usp

'mesial and distal slopes o B !usp

'mesial slope o distal !usp

'distal slope o .5 !usp

'mesial slope o 5 !usp

2 minor ossae mesial triangular ossa and distal triangular ossa "base o

triangle at marginal ridge$

de#elopmental groo#es

'!entral de#elopmental groo#e "mesial marginal ridge, distal marginal

ridge$

'mesiobu!!al de#elopmental groo#e ".B rom B !usp$

'distobu!!al de#elopmental groo#e "B !usp rom distal !usp$

'lingual de#elopmental groo#e

!an ha#e !entral pit at base o ossa

'mesial and distal pit


31/33

Mandibular 4econd Molar (#*8 And #0*)

Chronoloy:

eruption o de!iduous: 2& months


!al!i)!ation initiation: 2 M '3 years


"more !er#i!al than mand 1st molars$

mesial: middle 1*3

distal: middle 1*3

eihts o" contour:

bu!!al: !er#i!al 1*3 "not as pronoun!ed$

lingual: middle 1*3

,eneral:

smaller than mandibular 1st molar

4 !usps ".B, .5, B, 5$''''no distal or th !usp

2 roots "mesial and distal root$'''roots are not as broad bu!!olingually

"narro-er$

roots are not as -idely separated as in the 1st mandibular

molar

2uccalal:

hape is trape9oidal

!ro-n is shorter and narro-er than the )rst molar

4 !usps #isible ".B, B, .5, and 5$

'lingual !usps are taller and more pointed than bu!!al !usps

bu!!al de#elopmental groo#e separates 2 bu!!al !usps

!er#i!al line points to-ard biur!ation

roots !loser, more parallel, in!lined distally

root trun is shorter

Linual:

hape is trape9oidal

!ro-n !on#erges to lingual but less than the 1st molar

(%; higher on lingual than on bu!!al

!an only see 2 !usps "lingual !usps$

Mesial:

similar to 1st molar e/!ept:


32/33

bu!!al !ur#ature and bu!!al !er#i!al ridge are less pronoun!ed

!er#i!al line is less !ur#ed

mesial root more pointed ape/

bu!!al height o !ontour "!er#i!al 1*3$ is not as pronoun!ed

istal:

no distal !usp

!an see more o o!!lusal sura!e

3cclusal:

hape is re!tangular

no distal !usp'''re!tangular

B !usp is more prominent

all 4 !usps relati#ely eCual in si9e

!ross'shaped de#elopmental groo#es "!entral, lingual, and bu!!al groo#es$

'!entral groo#e runs mesiodistally

more supplemental groo#es'''-rinly appearan!e

Mandibular Third Molar (#* And #0-)

Chronoloy:


eruption o permanent: 1&'21 years "generally beore ma/illary 3rd molar$

!al!i)!ation initiation: 8'10 years

,eneral:

ma/illary and mandibular 3rd molars are most #ariable teeth in mouth'''''

mandibular 3rd molar is the se!ond most #ariable tooth in mouth

usually similar to other mandibular molars

anomalies:

'most o mandibular 3rd !ro-ns are o#ersi9ed

'most ma/illary 3rd molars are undersi9ed

mandibular 3rd molars are !ommonly impa!ted

!ro-n tends to be larger and ha#e more !usps

'4 !usps'''!ross'shaped

' !usps'''W'shaped

'H !usps

2uccal:

2 !usps and 2 roots "shorter$


33/33

Linual:

imilar to bu!!al

Mesial:

root shorter and more tapered

istal:

similar to mesial but narro-er

3cclusal:

more rounded

all about permanent teeth

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