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INDEX

Index Terms Links

A

AC power flow 97

sensitivity coefficients 532

Accelerating, torque 328

AGC:

ACE filtering 355

automatic generation control 352

area requirement 349

assist action 355

features 354

Adjusting lambda, Lagrange Relaxation 155

Algorithm, orthogonal decomposition 482

Allocation:

generation 350

problem 76

Analysis, contingency 411 415

Angular, momentum 329

Area, control 348

Area requirement, (ACE) 349

Assist action, AGC 355

Automatic generation, control

implementation 352

Index Terms Links

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Availability, generation 318

B

B matrix 116

Bad measurement:

detection 487

identification 487

Banking, energy 379

Base point 55

Bias factor, frequency 349

Block loaded, unit 272

Bottleneck, transmission 401

Bounding 433

Broker, energy 382

BTU 8

Bus:

generation 98

incremental cost 396 553

load 98

reference 98

C

Capacity, interchange 378

Capacity ordering, unit commitment 147

Chi squared, distribution 488

Cogeneration, unit 17

Combined cycle, unit 16

Index Terms Links

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Combustion turbine, unit 14

Common header, unit 14

Composite, cost function 176

Concentric relaxation 432

Constraints 58

hydraulic 219

unit commitment 133

Contingency:

analysis 411 415

screening 430

selection 430

Contract, take-or-pay 172

Control:

area 348

generation 328 352

ramp 356

Control action, supplementary 346

Control detection, unit 356

Control implementation, automatic

generation 352

Control loop, generation 352

Control modes, unit 356

Coordination equation 35 114

cost:

fuel 8

operating 8

wheeling 397

Index Terms Links

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Cost based, pricing 366

Cost function:

composite 176

piecewize linear 49 250

Coupled plants, hydro 229

Customer, retail 403

Cycle efficiency, pumped storage 231

D

Damping factor, load 332

dc, power flow 108

Decoupled, power flow 105

Density function:

discrete 274

probability 459

Detection, bad measurement 487

Discharge, hydro 231

Discrete, density function 274

Dispatch:

economic 29

optimal 412

secure 412

Distribution, chi squared 488

Distribution factor, line outage 422 439

Diversity, interchange 379

Index Terms Links

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Dual:

optimization 69 160

variables 69

Duality gap 166

Duration curves, load 270

Dynamic programming 72

economic dispatch 51

hydro scheduling 240

multiple hydro plants 248

unit commitment 141

E

Economic dispatch 29

base point 55

dynamic programming 51

gradient 43

Newton’s Method 47

participation factor 55

piecewize linear cost 49

simulating 284

versus unit commitment 57

Economic importance 2

Economy:

interchange 367

interchange evaluation 372

Electrical, torque 329

Emergency, interchange 379

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Energy: banking 379

broker 382

scheduling 214

Energy control center 500

Error, measurement 460

Estimation, least squares 501

Evaluation, interchange transaction 375

Expected cost method 296

F

Failure logic, telemetry 356

Filtering ACE. 355

Forced outage rate 27

Frequency, bias factor 349

Fuel cost 8

Fuel inventory 189

Fuel scheduling 171

gradient search 181

linear programming 187

relaxation 183

G

Gauss Seidel, power flow 95

Generation: allocation 350

availability 26 318

bus 98

control 328

Index Terms Links

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Generation: allocation (Cont.)

control loop 352

non-utility 401

probability method 316

shift factor 422

telemetry 353

Generation control, automatic 328

Generator, bus 98

Governor: model 336

speed droop 337

Gradient: economic dispatch 43

method OPF 517

pumped storage schedule 234

search 43

short term hydro 223

Gradient search, OPF 518

fuel scheduling 181

H

Hard limits 185

Heat rates (typical). unit 24

heat rate function 8

Higher heating value 12

Hydraulic, constraints 219

Hydro, coupled plants 229

discharge 231

inflow 219

Index Terms Links

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Hydro, coupled plants (Cont.)

input output 220

pumped storage 230

scheduling 209

spill 231

storage 223

unit 20 211

units in series 228

variable head unit 22

Hydro characteristic, unit 251

Hydro scheduling:

dynamic programming 240

hear programming 250

long range 210

short range 211 218

Hydrothermal, scheduling 209

Hypothesis testing 488

I

Identification, bad measurement 487

Inadvertant, interchange 380

Incremental: loss 35 114

water rate 213

cost 10

bus cost 396 553

heat rate 10

water rate 21

Index Terms Links

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Inflow, hydro 219

Input output:

characteristic 8

hydro 220

Interchange 363

capacity 378

diversity 379

economy 367

emergency 379

evaluation 372 375

inadvertant 380

net 265

Interconnected area, model 342

Interior point algorithm 551

OPF 517

Interutility, transfers 365

Iteration:

lambda 39

lambda gamma 221 231

K

Kilowatt hour 10

Kuhn-Tucker Conditions 62

Index Terms Links

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L

Lagrange:

equation 60

function 30

multiplier 30 60

Lagrange relaxation:

adjusting lambda 155

unit commitment 152 153

Lambda:

iteration 39

projection 41

Lambda gamma, iteration 221 231

Least squares:

estimation 501

weighted 458

Limitations, transfer 391

Limited energy 171

Limiting, rate 356

Line outage, distribution factor 422 439

Linear, sensitivity analysis 421

Linear programming 195

fuel scheduling 187

hydro scheduling 250

LPOPF. 517 534

Linearized cost function, OPF. 536

Index Terms Links

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Load: bus 98

damping factor 332

duration curves 270

model 332

probability density 270

probability function 270

reference set point 339

Long range, hydro schedufing 210

Loss, incremental 35 114

Losses:

network 35

transmission 111

Lower heating value 12

LPOPF. linear programming 517 534

M

Machine, phase angle 330

Market, wholesale 402

Matrix, orthogonal 483

Maximum likelihood, state estimator 458

Mean 459

Measurement:

error 460

pseudo 493

residual 464

zero injection 481

normalized residual 493

Index Terms Links

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Mechanical, torque 329

Model:

governor 336

interconnected area 342

load 332

prime mover 335

tie line 341

Moment of inertia 329

Momentum, angular 329

Monitoring, system 411

Multiple hydro plants, dynamic

programming 248

Multiplier, Lagrange 30 60

N

Net interchange 265

Net heat rate 11

Network:

losses 35

observability 493

sensitivity factors 439

Newton’s method:

economic dispatch 47

OPF 529

power flow 99

state estimation 473

Index Terms Links

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Non-utility, generation 401

Normal distribution 460

Normalized, measurement residual 493

Nuclear, unit 19

O

Observability, network 493

1P1Q method 431

Open, transmission access 364

Operating, cost 8

OPF:

gradient method 517 518

interior point method 517

linearized cost function 536

Newton method 529

optimal power flow 514

penalty function 530

Optimal:

dispatch 412

policy 74

Optimal power flow:

OPF 514

security constrained 411

Optimization 58

dual 69

Orthogonal, matrix 483

Index Terms Links

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Orthogonal decomposition:

algorithm 482

state estimation 479

P

Participation factor 55 351

Penalty factor 114

exact 120

reference bus 122

Penalty function, OPF. 530

Phase angle, machine 330

Piecewize linear:

cost function 49 250

spill function 252

Policy, optimal 74

Pool, savings 385

Post contingency, state 412

Power, pools 380

Power flow 93

AC. 97

DC. 108

decoupled 105

Gauss Seidel 95

Newton-Raphson 99

Pricing, cost based 366

Prime mover, model 335

Priority list method, unit commitment 138

Index Terms Links

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Privatization 366

Probabilistic, production cost 282

Probability:

density function 459

density load 270

Probability method, generation 316

Production cost:

model 264

probabilistic 282

program 266

Projection, lambda 41

Pseudo:

measurement 493

price 174

Pumped storage:

cycle efficiency 231

hydro 230

schedule, gradient method 234

unit 22

R

Ramp, control 356

Rate, limiting 356

Reference bus 98

penalty factor 122

Relaxation, fuel scheduling 183

Residual, measurement 464

Index Terms Links

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Retail, customer 403

S

Savings, pool 385

SCADA system 411

Scheduling:

energy 214

fuel 171

hydro 209

hydrothermal 209

Screening, contingency 430

Search, gradient 43

Secure, dispatch 412

Security analysis 421

Security constrained, optimal power flow 411 547

Selection, contingency 430

Sensitivity analysis, linear 421 531

Sensitivity coefficients, AC power flow 532

Sensitivity factors, network 439

Shift factor, generation 422 439

Short range, hydro scheduling 211 218

Simulating, economic dispatch 284

Slack variable 68 185

Speed changer 339

Speed droop, governor 337

Index Terms Links

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Spill:

hydro 231

piecewize linear function 252

Spinning reserve 134

State, Post contingency 412

State estimation 453

maximum likelihood 458

Newtons method 473

orthogonal decomposition 479

Steam:

admission valves 13

unit 8

Storage, hydro 223

Supplementary, control action 346

System:

monitoring 411

SCADA 411

System blackout 410

System security 410

T

Take-or-pay, contract 172

Telemetry:

failure logic 356

generation 353

Index Terms Links

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Tie line:

control 346

model 341

Torque:

accelerating 328

electrical 329

mechanical 329

Transfer:

interutility 365

limitations 391

Transmission:

access open 364

bottleneck 401

losses 111

service 395

Transmission system 91

U

Unit:

block loaded 272

cogeneration 17

combined cycle 16

combustion turbine 14

common header 14

control detection 356

control modes 356

heat rates (typical) 24

Index Terms Links

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Unit:

hydro 211

hydro characteristic 251

hydroelectric 20

maintenance/forced outage 26

nuclear 19

pumped storage 22

steam 8

Unit commitment 131

Lagrange Relaxation 152 153

capacity ordering 147

constraints 133

dynamic programming 141

priority list method 138

Unserved load method 284

V

Valve points 13

Variable head unit, hydro 22

Variables, dual 69

Variance 464

W

Weighted, least squares 458

Wheeling 393

cost 397

Wholesale, market 402

Index Terms Links

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Z

Zero forced outage rate 312

Zero injection, measurement 481