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APRIL 20, 2011

EARTH DAY 2011A BILLION ACTS OF GREEN

EASTER EGG ROLLBATTLE OF THE BULGE

AMERICANPATRIOT

EARTH DAY 2011A BILLION ACTS OF GREEN

46

NOAH WEBSTERTHE FATHER OFAMERICAN ENGLISH

8THE BATTLE OF THE BULGE

THIS WEEKIN AMERICANHISTORY

QUOTE OFTHE WEEK

14 15

MARFATEXAS MEETS MINIMALISM

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AMERICA’S FUN FOODSBUFFALO WINGS

4 AMERICAN PATRIOT

EARTH DAY 2011A BILLION ACTS OF GREEN

With the shadow of extreme climate change and nuclear risks hanging overthe world, this year’s Earth Day celebrations will be more ambitious andfar reaching than in past years. The theme of this year’s “day” – recognizethe power of individual action and corporate initiative.

Hoping to amass one billion individual and orga-

nizational “acts” for the environment in advance

of the Earth Summit in Rio in 2012, the Earth Day

Network is coordinating efforts of all sizes and

scope. The project website for “A Billion Acts of

Green,” is registering and quantifying the contri-

butions and commitments of people, corporations

and organizations to further the goal of reducing

carbon emissions and supporting sustainability.

The Earth Day Network has created several new

initiatives for this year, harnessing the power of

environmental experts, citizens and media figures:

ATHLETES FOR THE EARTH

Olympic and professional athletes are recruited

into the environmental movement in this outreach

program. By serving as spokespeople for the envi-

ronment, and by integrating related themes into

athletic events, the athletes have reached groups

generally not exposed to sustainability messages.

Participating athletes/celebs include Olympic Nordic

Combined Gold Medalist Billy Demong, Olympic

Alpine Skiing Bronze Medalist Andrew Weibrecht,

World Champion Freeskier and Save Our Snow

Foundation founder Alison Gannett, Boston Bruins

Defenseman Andrew Ference, Olympic Gold Medal

Swimmer Aaron Peirsol, and NFL Linebacker Dhani

Jones. www.earthday.org/campaign/athletes-earth

THE CANOPY PROJECT

Under 2010’s Avatar Home Tree Initiative, one

million trees have been planted in 16 countries.

South and Central America are the focus this year,

as Haiti, Brazil and Mexico are in urgent need of

reforestation; urban areas of the United States will

be a focus as well. Again looking to plant an addi-

tional million trees, the project will center on large-

scale, sponsor-supported projects in partnership

with non-profit organizations.

www.earthday.org/campaign/canopy-project

GREEN AMERICA’S SCHOOLS

In 2007, in conjunction with several prominent

environmental organizations, former President Clin-

ton and the Clinton Foundation have announced a

commitment to “Green America’s Schools” within

a generation. Green Schools, in addition to reduc-

ing operating costs and ushering in modernization,

are excellent tools to teach children the importance

of sustainability. The program reaches over 30,000

educators a year in all parts of the country.

www.earthday.org/campaign/green-schools

WOMEN AND THE GREEN ECONOMY

As innovation and investment migrate towards

environmentally sustainable technologies, there exists

tremendous opportunity for the advancement of

women worldwide. Prominent women in government,

business, and NGOs have been brought together

through this initiative to aggregate their influence to

promote sustainability, and to grow opportunities

for women in the emerging environmental economy.

www.earthday.org/campaign/women-and-green-

economy-wage

ARTS FOR THE EARTH

This is an innovative education program developed

to teach sustainability and environmental education

through museum and arts community networks.

FOLLOW IN REAL TIME HOW AVERAGE PEOPLE ARE ANSWERING THE CALL TO ACT

6 AMERICAN PATRIOT

NOAH WEBSTERTHE FATHER OFAMERICAN ENGLISH

AMERICAN PATRIOT 7

Born in 1758, Webster was the child of a well-

established Yankee family. He graduated from Yale

University in 1778 and served in the Connecticut

Militia while in school. Webster went on to become

a schoolteacher in Hartford. After a few years of

teaching, he realized that the American school

system desperately needed to be reformed. The

schools were overcrowded and the books were

outdated. Many schoolbooks were still being

shipped over from England.

In 1783, Webster took initiative and wrote his

own textbook entitled “A Grammatical Institute of

the English Language,” but affectionately referred

to by students and teachers alike as the “Blue-

Backed Speller.” So popular were these textbooks,

that they were still in use half a century after

their creation. Throughout his life, he continued

to edit and write textbooks.

Webster’s ultimate goal, however, was to create

a truly American dictionary. At 43 years old,

Webster began his work on this project. American

English was still inconsistent at the time with words,

phrases and spellings from British English mixed

in and mixed up. Webster sought unity; he defined

words like “color”— eschewing the British version

“colour” — so that American English would be

congruous across the country. He finished 47

years later with a dictionary that contained with

70,000 words. Although some Americans found

fault with some of the spellings in the dictionary

at the time, Webster ignored these dissenters,

and forged ahead with publication. The dictionary

became an influential best seller for homes,

schools and businesses.

Webster died in 1843, and the rights to the dic-

tionary were sold to the Merriam brothers. Charles

and George Merriam revised the dictionary several

times during their lifetimes. Modifications were

continued after the brothers died. Now, Webster’s

legacy is fondly remembered by every schoolchild

who owns a Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary.

Noah Webster loved the English language. A lexiconographer, author andpolitical writer, Webster spent his life seeking to reform education and bringcoherence to the language of America.

www.lawdepot.com

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INFLUENCETHE CONDITION OF ALL.

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8 AMERICAN PATRIOT

The winter of 1944 was fiercely cold across Western Europe. Germany waslosing the war, and Allied spirits were rising. Earlier that year, the Allies hadsuccessfully stormed the beaches of Normandy and moved quickly acrossFrance. They had reached the Rhine, but before penetrating the Germanhomeland, they would face one last major offensive.

THE BATTLEOF THE BULGE

“This is undoubtedly the greatest American battle of the war…”– WINSTON CHURCHILL

AMERICAN PATRIOT 9

The Battle of the Bulge, as the fight becameknown, was the largest battle U.S. forces wereinvolved in during World War II. The battlefieldstretched over 80miles, all the way from Belgiumto Luxembourg. Hitler hoped to break the Alliedforces’ momentum by surprise: his strategy wasto break through the Allied troops and marchnorth to Antwerp, where German troops couldcut off the main supply base for the Alliedforces located on the Western Front.

On the night of December 15, 1944, Hitler sentGerman soldiers disguised as American troopswith proficient English skills to confuse theAmerican troops by giving them false directions,cutting communication wires, and changing roadsigns. The next day, under heavy fog, the GermanArmy began to advance, pushing the Americansall the way back to the Meuse River and creatinga huge “bulge” in the line.

It took more than a week for the Americans tobegin their first counterattack. Heavy snow-storms and severe weather made planning andmoving large groups very difficult. German troops

were cleverly dressed in white uniforms to blendinto the snow and fog, which made it even moredifficult for the Allied troops. Over 500,000American and 55,000 British troops fought inthe battle led by Generals Patton, Eisenhower,McAuliffe, Bradley, Hodges, and British GeneralMontgomery. After fierce fighting, the Germansfinally began to retreat in early January. By mid-January, the “bulge” was merely a slight curvein the line.

The Allied troops had been brave and relentless.Winston Churchill said of the battle: “This isundoubtedly the greatest American battle of thewar and will, I believe, be regarded as an ever-famous American victory.” German casualtieswere very high; historians estimate that approx-imately 100,000 German soldiers were killedor wounded during the battle. In addition, 800tanks and 1,000 aircraft were destroyed.

AN INTERACTIVE MAP OFTHE BATTLE OF THE BULGE

A COLLECTION OF PHOTOGRAPHSFROM THE BATTLE

10 AMERICAN PATRIOT

MARFATEXAS MEETS MINIMALISM

AMERICAN PATRIOT 11

Marfa was a small ranching community in the

middle of the desert approximately 200 miles

southeast of El Paso. At one time, it was known

only for its military base built in 1942. After

WWII had ended, the base was mothballed.

In 1977, Donald Judd, theminimalist American

artist, auctioned off twenty of his most famed

pieces and used the money to move his work

from New York City to Marfa. He turned the

space into a museum and workshop.

In 1986, the Chinati Foundation, a contempo-

rary art museum based on the Judd’s ideas,

was opened on the site of the airbase. The

goal was and is to preserve and present to the

public permanent large-scale installations by

a limited number of artists including Judd,

Donald Flavin and John Chamberlain. The

Chinati Foundation now occupies ten buildings.

Since Judd’s death in 1994, the Chinati Foun-

dation and the Judd Foundation, which preserves

his living quarters, ranch and workspaces, have

kept Judd’s vision alive.

Judd’s presence and influence turned the

small town into a magnet for artists; a place

for innovative artwork within a town that still

retains its traditional western feel. A new wave

of artists is moving to Marfa to live and work.

As a result, new gallery spaces are opening

in the downtown area. There is a writers-

in-residency program, a Marfa theater group,

and a multi-functional art space called Ball-

room Marfa has begun to show art films, host

musical performances, and exhibit other art

installations. Ballroom Marfa is a nice combi-

nation of old and new: the former western dance

hall is a space for the most modern of art but

is located near an old-fashion general store.

Outside of Donald Judd and modern art, Marfa

may be most famous for the mysterious Marfa

lights, visible every clear night between Marfa

and the Paisano Pass when one is facing

southwest toward the Chinati Mountains.

A TASTE OF THE MARFA ART SCENE

While driving along Route 90 through the barren west Texas desert,

drivers might be surprised to spot a Prada store along the side of the

road. Turns out it’s not actually a real store, but a pop art installation.

The scene is fitting for the area because Marfa TX has become the hip

new spot to view world-class minimalist art.

LEARN MORE ABOUT THECHINATI FOUNDATION

AMERICA’S FUN FOODS

BUFFALO WINGS

AMERICAN PATRIOT 13

America was forever changed on October 3, 1964. On that day, TeressaBelissimo, owner of the Anchor Bar in Buffalo NY, threw some chickenwings into the deep fryer as a late night snack for her college-aged son.As the legend goes, Teressa mixed the wings with cayenne hot sauce, andserved the newfound American delicacy over celery sticks and blue cheese.

Before Teressa made her legendary invention,

chicken wings were discarded as scrap meat.

They only cost five cents per pound at that time.

Her “discovery” dovetailed with a revolutionary

time for Buffalo; in the 1960s the rust-belt city

had been declared an international seaport

and was attempting a revival. To locals, Buffalo

was back on the map. The newly invented food

was part of the excitement.

The snack became a local obsession. However,

the broader growth of Buffalo wings did not

begin to take off until 1975. Retirees from

cold and snowy Buffalo tended to migrate to

South Florida. These retirees could not live a

life void of their favorite bar snack, so Edmund

J. Hauk, a former Buffalo resident, opened the

Wings N’ Curls chain in Florida. In January

1979, Craig Claiborne and Pierre Franey, high-

profile food writers for the New York Times

Magazine, wrote a recipe page on wings. This

first national article was followed by many

others. Then in 1983, Hooters opened; its

menu revolved around Buffalo wings. Soon

other chain restaurants like Dominos and Pizza

Hut added wings to their menus.

Today, the Anchor Bar sells over 70,000 pounds

of Buffalo wings per month. Dominos says more

than 1/3 of their customers order wings. Hooters

claims to sell over 30 million pounds of chicken

wings per year. July 29 has been designated

as the official “Chicken Wing Day” and Buffalo

celebrates an annual Buffalo Wing Festival

where tens of thousands attend the event.

THE ORIGINAL ANCHOR BARBUFFALO WING RECIPE

“The preservation of the sacred fire ofliberty, and the destiny of the Republicanmodel of Government, are justly consideredas deeply, perhaps as finally staked, onthe experiment entrusted to the hands ofthe American people."

— GEORGE WASHINGTONFIRST INAUGURAL, APRIL 24, 1790

14 AMERICAN PATRIOT

QUOTE OFTHE WEEK

AMERICAN PATRIOT 15

1878.The original site of the national Easter Monday Egg Roll was not the White House but the United

States Capitol. The egg roll activity of 1876 took its toll on the grounds. When Congress passed a

law forbidding the Capitol grounds to be used as a children's playground, President Rutherford B.

Hayes invited the egg rollers to move to the South Lawn of the White House. As children were being

turned away from the Capitol grounds, word quickly spread to go to the president’s home. Succes-

sive Presidents continued the tradition, and the event has been held on the South Lawn ever since.

For 2011, President Obama and the First Lady have adopted the theme “Get Up and Go!” to

health and wellness, part of the First Lady’s Let’s Move! campaign to combat childhood obesity.

SEE PICTURES OF THE 2010 EASTER EGG ROLL

THIS WEEK INAMERICAN HISTORY

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