AMERICANPATRIOT VIEW IN

FULLSCREENCLICK ABOVEOCTOBER 6, 2010

THE CODE TALKERSOF THE PACIFIC WAR

COLONIALWILLIAMSBURGLEARNING FROMTHE PAST

CHARLES IVESINSURANCE SALES TOMASTER COMPOSER

AMERICANPATRIOT

ORIGINAL WWIICODETALKER DIES

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COLONIALWILLIAMSBURGLEARNING FROM THE PAST

8CHARLES IVESINSURANCE SALES TO MASTER COMPOSER

THIS WEEKIN AMERICANHISTORY

QUOTE OFTHE WEEK

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MERIWETHERLEWISFORGOTTEN HERO

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THE MAN WHOFED THE WORLD

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4 AMERICAN PATRIOT

ORIGINAL WWIICODETALKER DIES

CHECK OUT THE FAIR’S WEB-SITE FOR VISITOR INFOR-

The Code Talkers were used to confuse theJapanese, who often tried to intercept Americanmilitary messages over the air. Taking part in everyMarine assault as the U.S. fought to control overthe Pacific, they sent thousands of messages onJapanese troop movements, battlefield tacticsand other communications so critical that his-torians today consider them crucial to our winningthe war. Indeed, some have speculated that theAllies would not have been able to win the pivotalbattles of Iwo Jima and Guadalcanal withoutthe code talkers.

When June first tried to sign up for the Marinesin his hometown at age of 16, he was told he wastoo young. He traveled to another reservationtown and lied about this age in order to enlist.During his three and a half years in service withthe Marines, June was involved in many majorbattles and crossed the Equator eight times.Tribal Council Speaker Lawrence Morgan saidthe Navajo Nation has lost a great warrior. “Hisunique service to his country brought positiveattention to the Navajo Nation,” Morgan said ina statement. “He will be missed.”

Code Talkers were also used during the KoreanWar and the early part of the Vietnam War. Oncetheir role in the war was declassified in 1968,recognition from a grateful nation came in waves.

In 1982, the code talkers were given a Certificateof Recognition by President Reagan who alsonamed August 14, 1982 “Navajo Code TalkersDay.” On December 21, 2000 the U.S. Congresspassed, and President Clinton signed, a lawwhich awarded the Congressional Gold Medalto all 29 originals. In July 2001, President Bushpersonally presented the Medal to four survivingCode Talkers at a ceremony held in the CapitolRotunda in Washington, DC. Gold medals werepresented to the families of the others codetalkers no longer living. A recent popular movie,Windtalkers, honored their contribution.

LEARN MORE ABOUT THENAVAJO CODE TALKERS

Allen Dale June, one of the Navajo Code Talkers who served the U.S. military duringWorldWar II by sendingmessages in their native language, died lastmonth at age 91.That leaves alive only two of the 29 originals who developed the code, though severalhundred Navajos later participated. At a time when America's best cryptographerswere falling short, these farmers and shepherds fresh from the reservation fashionedan ingenious and successful communications solution.

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Colonial Williamsburg is the crown jewel of Virginia’s Historic Triangle of Williamsburg,Yorktown and Jamestown, which welcomes roughly four million tourists a year. ColonialWilliamsburg itself is a several hundred acre historic district filled with the buildings,streets and squares that, from 1699 to 1780, formed Virginia’s colonial capital. For much ofthe 18th century, the city was the center of government, education and culture in Virginia —hence the American Colonies — and its inhabitants, at one time or another, includedGeorge Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Patrick Henry, James Monroe, James Madison, anddozens more who shaped early America.

The motto of Colonial Williamsburg is “that the future may learn from the past,” and theHistoric Area is an interpretation of a Colonial city with exhibits that include dozens ofauthentic or accurately recreated colonial buildings. Not just a museum, however, the townis alive: interpreters work and dress as they did in the era, speak as the colonists did, andvisitors can move among them to get the flavor of life in the colonial era.

Colonial Williamsburg has become a destination spot for world leaders, including severalU.S. presidents. In 1983, the United States hosted the first World Economic Conference there,and Jamestown (the original Virginia settlement) and Yorktown (where the Revolutionary Warended) are linked to the historic area by the bucolic Colonial Parkway, operated by the NationalPark Service. A popular but distinctly non-colonial family destination, Busch GardensWilliamsburg, a Europe-themed park with rides, is nearby.

COLONIAL WILLIAMSBURGLEARNING FROM THE PAST

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SEE SCENES FROM THE STORY OF A PATRIOTA WELCOME MOVIE SHOWN AT THE VISITOR’S CENTER

Bruton Parish ChurchThis Episcopal Church is both a part of the historic area and the most active parish in SouthernVirginia. It has been restored to the colonial era, and name plates on its pews commemoratefamous worshippers like George Washington and John Tyler. The church still uses a bell castin 1761, which rang to celebrate the signing of the Declaration of Independence in 1776.

The Governor’s PalaceThis is one of the two largest buildings at Colonial Williamsburg. When the city was thecapital of the Virginia Colony, the Governor's Palace was the official residence of the royalgovernor. The original building took 16 years to construct and was completed in 1721. Oneof its other illustrious residents was Thomas Jefferson.

CHECK OUT THESE WILLIAMSBURG SITES

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8 AMERICAN PATRIOT

CHARLESIVESINSURANCE SALES TOMASTER COMPOSER

So unconcerned was Charles Ives with his status as an artist, his colleagues in theinsurance business were often surprised to hear he was a composer. For 32 years,Ives made a living selling insurance, quietly writing the compositions that woulddistinguish himself as America’s first, and arguably best, composer of modern instru-mental music. Working in his off-hours, he was a prolific, perfectionist composer.Ives set out to integrate the classical tradition, American and European popularmusic, church music, and the burgeoning concept of experimental music in piecesranging from spare piano sonatas to full symphonies.

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Though many of his pieces are now recognizedas masterworks, he worked in obscurity through-out most of his career; many works would gounperformed for years. He possessed classicNew England Yankee industriousness and stub-bornness — legendary composing colleagueArthur Schoenburg regarded Ives as a monumentto artistic integrity. Unconcerned with critical orpopular attention, Ives was free to constructworks that shirked convention, while elevatingthe essence of American popular music into thecanon of “serious” music. Though he would reachacclaim near the end of his life, Ives had littlepatience for criticism and outreach, resisting thetechnologies of radio and phonographic records.

Born in Danbury, CT in 1874, Ives was steepedin American music. His father was a bandleader;the influence of an open-minded approach tomusic embodied in 19th century bands woulddeeply impress a young Ives, reinforced by histraining as a church organist at age 14. He hadknowledge and respect for the “people’s music”that informed his works and separated him fromother more staid composers. Ives excelled insport and music, earning a slot at Yale University.Educated in a traditional style, Ives completedhis first symphony as his senior thesis, as wellas numerous choral pieces and a campaignsong for William McKinley. After graduation,and seeking security for his young family, Ivesentered the insurance business. He was suc-cessful and established his own insurance agency,where he would remain until 1930.

The early part of the 20th century was a pro-ductive musical period for Ives. As his compo-sitions matured, new experimental approachesgave his sound a distinct character. Around1900, he completed his Second symphony, whichadopted several new techniques including mu-sical quotations (a use of a portion of an existingwork to augment a composition) and experi-mental dissonance. “Central Park in the Dark”,from 1906, is considered the first radical pieceof music of the 20th century. Ives attempted toevoke the feeling of walking through Manhattan,comparing the sounds of music clubs spillingout onto the street, and the space and feeling ofthe Central Park woods on a dark, misty night. Alsoin 1906, Ives penned his famous “unansweredquestion”, an unusual arrangement of trumpets,flutes, and strings in a mysterious style.

Ives composed until 1927 when illness forcedhim into retirement. The remaining years of hislife saw a gradual acceptance of his work in Europeand the U.S. Listeners would heed his advicetoward his challenging compositions: “Use yourears like men!” He traveled extensively as hisworks began to be performed worldwide. HisThird symphony won the Pulitzer Prize for musicin 1946. Passing in 1954, Ives had lived a life ofprinciple, dedicated not to fame but to music.

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MERIWETHER LEWISFORGOTTEN HERO

PICTURED ABOVE:Lewis and Clark on the Lower

Columbia by C.M. Russell

This fall, two centuries after leading the famousexpedition that bears his name, MeriwetherLewis was finally honored as a genuine Americanhero at his grave site just off the Natchez TraceParkway in Tennessee.

The Lewis and Clark Expedition took placefrom 1804 to 1806 and was the first over-land expedition undertaken by the U.S.government to the Pacific coast and back.Lewis, along with William Clark, laid much ofthe groundwork for the westward expansionof the new country. When they returnedfrom the exploration, Meriwether Lewisand William Clark were hailed as heroes,but history soon pushed Lewis into the back-ground, in part because of his untimelyand, some say, mysterious death.

Lewis was born in 1774 on a plantationnear Charlottesville, Virginia. He spent hischildhood in the wilderness and devel-oped a love of hunting and exploring. As ayoung man, Lewis fought against theWhiskey Rebellion. From there, he becamean officer in the army and fought againstNative Americans in the NorthwestTerritory. He became expert on NativeAmericans and their languages.

President Thomas Jefferson recruited Lewisto be his private secretary in 1801. Fortwo years, Jefferson prepared him to leada group of explorers across the LouisianaPurchase. To prepare, Lewis studied naviga-tion, plants, and animals. He also recruitedClark as his assistant. The epic trip itselftook three years, with the members of theexpedition suffered many hardships as theynavigated the Missouri River, crossed theRocky Mountains, and followed the ColumbiaRiver to the west coast and the Pacific.During that journey, Meriwether kept adetailed journal of events, drawn maps,collected plant specimens, and managedto pass peacefully through Indian territory.

Upon his return, Lewis was named aBrigadier General, given a land grant, andappointed governor of the Louisiana Territory.Then, in October 1809, he was found deadfrom gunshot wounds at an Inn. Historianshave long debated whether Lewis committedsuicide or was murdered; the mystery hasnever been solved.

Among the hundreds attending the recentgravesite event was Peyton “Bud” Clark, adirect descendent of William Clark spokeabout how is ancestor respected Lewis,his partner and mentor: “They were ‘sonsof the Revolution,’ drawn together by anunmistakable chemistry. William Clarkwrote that Meriwether Lewis was a manof impeccable integrity... This celebrationto honor Meriwether Lewis is long overdue.He truly is an American hero.”

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FOLLOW LEWIS ANDCLARK’S TRAIL

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THE MAN WHOFED THE WORLD

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Born in 1914 in rural Iowa, where he waseducated in a one-room schoolhouse, Borlaugwon the Nobel Peace Prize in 1970 for his workending the India-Pakistan food shortage ofthemid-1960s. He spent most of his life in poorcountries, teaching the impoverished farmersin India, Mexico, South America, Africa andelsewhere the Green Revolution agriculturaltechniques that prevented the global famineswidely predicted when the world populationbegan to skyrocket following World War II. It hasbeen estimated that Borlaug’s efforts, alongwith like-minded colleagues, saved the livesof one billion human beings.

As a young scientist, Borlaug helped developthe basis of the Green Revolution: hybrid cropsselectively bred for vigor; shuttle breeding,which decreased crop disease; and cerealsthat can grown in all climates. The result wasmore reliable harvests and tremendous in-creases in output. Though the message spreadfast, in the mid-1960s India and Pakistanwere exceptions and famine struck. Borlaugarranged for a convoy of 35 trucks to carryhigh-yield seeds to India and Pakistan. Oper-ating despite a war between the two countries,he helped the Pakistanis become self-sufficient

in wheat production within three years and Indiain the production of all cereals within six years.

After this triumph, and the Nobel Peace Prize,Borlaug turned to Africa. At that point, Borlaugbecame the target of environmentalists whodenounced him because his techniques usedpesticides and fertilizer. As the criticism in-tensified, he told an interviewer that Westernenvironmentalists were “fashionable elitists”and who “have never experienced the physicalsensation of hunger. They do their lobbyingfrom comfortable office suites in Washingtonor Brussels.”

In the late 1980s, Borlaug found privatefunding his programs in African. The final tri-umph came when the Rockefeller Foundationand the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundationannounced a major expansion of high-yieldagriculture throughout Africa. Borlaug receivedmany awards, including the Presidential Medalof Freedom and the Congressional Gold Medal.One other legacy: he founded the World FoodPrize, which has become the equivalent of aNobel Prize in agricultural science. It isbased near his hometown in Iowa.

Arguably the greatest American of the 20th century. The man who defusedthe population bomb. The man who fed the world. The father of the GreenRevolution. Thesewere just some of the descriptions in obituaries for NormanBorlaug who died recently at the age of 95. And yet not many Americansknew the name of this kindly and modest Iowan.

WATCH NORMAN BOURLAGSPEAK ABOUT HIS LEGACY

Pictured Left: Inspecting ears of hybrid seedcorn. Reinbeck, Iowa. September, 1939.

QUOTE OFTHE WEEK

Every ship that comes to Americagot its chart from Columbus.— RALPH WALDO EMERSON

POET AND WRITER

14 AMERICAN PATRIOT

THIS WEEK INAMERICAN HISTORY

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1956.New York Yankees right-hander Don Larsen pitched the first no-hitter in the history of the

World Series. Even better, it was a perfect game — no runs, no hits and no errors, and

no batter reached first base. The Yanks ended up winning the championship against

cross-river rival Brooklyn Dodgers, the last all-New York World Series until 2000.

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