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A Celebration of American ValuesTRANSCRIPT
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NOVEMBER 17, 2010
54°40’ OR FIGHT!THE CHARM OFCHARLESTON
THANKSGIVINGMYTHS
AMERICANPATRIOT
THANKSGIVINGMYTHS
46THE CHARM OFCHARLESTON
8GREAT AMERICAN ACTORSPAUL NEWMAN
THIS WEEKIN AMERICANHISTORY
QUOTE OFTHE WEEK
14 15
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JAMES NAISMITHTHE MAN WHOINVENTED BASKETBALL
4 AMERICAN PATRIOT
Thought you knew all about Thanksgiving?It is one of the most beloved of American holidays, built on aspirit of gratitude, generosity and a celebration of our luck andabundance. Not tomention lots of turkey and football. All trueand all deeply important. It turns out, though, that there aresome beliefs about Thanksgiving that need some correction.Read on, and we hope this doesn’t cause you any indigestion.
THE FIRST THANKSGIVING AT PLYMOUTH (1914) by Jennie A. Brownscombe
SITTING DOWN TO THANKSGIVING . . . BEAR?
MYTH 1
Plymouth Colony Was The Siteof The First Thanksgiving
Whether this Thanksgiving myth is truedepends what you consider a Thanksgiving.The first celebration in what would becomethe U.S. took place in southern Texas in1598, when conquistador Juan De Onatearrived at the Rio Grande after a perilousjourney. On the Atlantic coast, BerkeleyPlantation on the James River claimed aThanksgiving Day in 1619, two years beforethe Pilgrims and first Thanksgiving in 1621.So, the Pilgrim’s Plymouth Colony eventwas likely the third Thanksgiving.
MYTH 2Thanksgiving Originated asa Religious Holiday
Not really. Most countries have a religiousbasis for the national day of thanks, but notthe American version. Its origin and traditionis as a fall harvest festival. Think about it:the Pilgrims would never have invited theNative Americans (who they consideredheathens) to a religious observance.
MYTH 3The Turkey-and-Cranberry SauceTradition Started with the Pilgrims
Not likely. While the early English settlerswere familiar with turkey, they hadn’t beenexposed to cranberries by that point. Inaddition, they had no corn, potatoes, yams,or most other foods we associate withThanksgiving. What they did have was deer,and we know they ate that. Very possibly bear,as well. Our traditional meal of turkey anddressing with cranberry sauce is not repre-sentative of the settlers’ Thanksgiving feast.In fact, it is traditional because it’s what theVictorians in England enjoyed on their holiday.
MMYYTTHH 44We've Celebrated ThanksgivingEvery Year Since the First OneWrong, again. Once again, you have to decidewhich one was first one and, in any case, not every year has seen a Thanksgiving assuch. Even if you accept the official date as the 1621 Pilgrim feast, the Pilgrims didn’t have another Thanksgiving until 1623,when they celebrated the end of a drought.Thanksgiving wasn’t even a widespread American holiday outside of New Englanduntil President Lincoln proclaimed it such in 1863. Congress didn’t even make it official until 1939.
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BackWATCH A HISTORY CHANNELVIDEO ON THE ORIGINS OFTHANKSGIVING
6 AMERICAN PATRIOT
Charleston, SC is a city rich in history, tradition and Southern culture, with areputation for outstanding accommodations, entertainment and cuisine. Namedafter King Charles II, it was established in 1670 and is located just south of themid-point of South Carolina’s coastline, at the confluence of the Ashley andCooper Rivers. Charleston’s nickname is The Holy City due to the prominenceof churches and steeples on the low-rise cityscape and the fact that it was oneof the few cities in the original thirteen colonies to extend religious toleranceto the French Huguenot Church. Charleston was also one of the first colonial citiesto allow Jews to practice their faith without restriction.
THE CHARM OF CHARLESTON
Charleston is well-known across the United States
and beyond for its unique culture, which blends
traditional southern American with English, French,
and West African elements. All are visible in
Charleston’s “Low Country” cuisine. Two of the
most celebrated dishes are shrimp and grits and
she-crab soup. There are also a number of differ-
ent breweries offering the authentic taste of
homemade Charleston Beer.
Founded by the British as a “great port towne”
during the colonial period, mid-18th century
Charleston became a major trade center, the hub
of Atlantic trade for the southern colonies, and
the largest city south of Philadelphia. A focal point
during the Revolutionary war, the city became ex-
tremely prosperous in the post-Revolutionary years
through trade and a plantation-dominated econ-
omy. Devoted to the concept of States Rights, South
Carolina seceded from the Union and the first shots
of the Civil War came in Charleston harbor, and the
Confederate soldiers took control of Fort Sumter.
Charleston languished for decades, but has seen an
economic renaissance in the past three decades.
Charleston’s museums offer a glimpse into the
city’s history. The city is home to the Charleston
Museum, America’s oldest, as well Shem Creek
Maritime Museum, which pays tribute to historical
maritime Charleston, and the Karpeles Manuscript
Museum, with the largest collection of significant
historical manuscripts in the world. Charleston’s
rich military history is on display at Ft. Sumter and
Ft. Moutrie. The Avery Institute of Afro-American
History and Culture collects and preserves the
unique historical and cultural heritage of African-
Americans in the South Carolina Low Country.
And standing in remembrance of a dark moment
in Charleston’s history are its historic plantations,
now open to the public, where slaves once labored.
In 1995 Marjabelle Young Stewart, an etiquette
expert recognized Charleston as the “best-man-
nered” city in the US, clearly exemplified by the
friendliness of its population. A visit to Charleston
offers the delights of modern city life and the tra-
ditions of a time past.
AMERICAN PATRIOT 7
WATCH A VIDEO OFCHARLESTON HIGHLIGHTS
SITES TO SEE
GIBBES MUSEUM OF ARTEstablished in 1905, the Gibbes illuminates Charleston’s history with stories of the South Carolina LowCountry as seen through painting,sculpture and photographs.
SPOLETO FESTIVAL USAFounded in 1977, Spoleto is one of the world’s major performing artsfestivals, and features establishedand emerging artists.
KIAWAH ISLANDNamed for an Indian tribe from the1600s, the island features 10 miles ofbeaches and five world-renowned golfcourses just 15 miles from the city. FORT SUMTER
The first shots of the bloody Civil War tookplace here in 1861, and the fort remains apowerful symbol of union and disunion.
BOONE HALL PLANTATIONAn antebellum plantation, which includes apost-civil war farmhouse, original slave cabins,several flowering gardens and the historic “Avenue of Oaks.”
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GIVE. ADVOCATE. VOLUNTEER.LIVE UNITED™
HOW TOLIVE UNITED:JOIN HANDS.OPEN YOUR HEART.LEND YOUR MUSCLE.FIND YOUR VOICE. GIVE 10%. GIVE 100%. GIVE 110%.GIVE AN HOUR.GIVE A SATURDAY.THINK OF WE BEFORE ME. REACH OUT A HAND TO ONE AND
INFLUENCETHE CONDITION OF ALL.
Want to make a difference? Help create opportunities for everyone in your community. United Way is creating real, lasting change where you live, by focusing on the building blocks of a better life–education, income and health. That’s what it means to Live United. For more, visit LIVEUNITED.ORG.
8 AMERICAN PATRIOT
GREAT AMERICAN ACTORS
PAUL NEWMAN
Born in 1925 in Cleveland, OH,
Newman showed an early interest
in the theater. After serving in WWII
and receiving his undergraduate
degree at Kenyon College, he mar-
ried actress Jacqueline Witte and
took over the family sporting goods
store. But Newman grew restless
and subsequently enrolled at the
Yale School of Drama. While there,
he travelled to New York City where
he won a role in the CBS series The
Aldrich Family. In 1953 Newman
made his Broadway debut in Picnic
where he was spotted by Warner
Bros. executives, who offered him
a contract.
Paul Newman was as much a hero off-screen ason. A blue-eyed idol whose career successfullyspanned five decades, he was also a prominentsocial activist, a proponent of actors’ creativerights, and a noted philanthropist.
Though Newman’s early films were disasters,
his third film, Somebody Up There Likes Me,
was a success, with rave reviews for his per-
formance. In 1958, he starred in The Long Hot
Summer and met his second wife, Joanne
Woodward. The couple continued to team on-
screen throughout their careers. When he
appeared in Cat on a Hot Tin Roof opposite
Elizabeth Taylor, Newman scored his first Acad-
emy Award nomination. He was one of the few
actors to successfully make the transition
from 1950s cinema to that of the 1960s and
70s. His rebellious nature recommended him
to the new generation and he received a sec-
ond, third and fourth Oscar nomination. On
his sixth attempt, Newman won the Oscar for
Best Actor for The Color of Money. He contin-
ued making movies until 2002, and in 2007
announced he would retire because he could
no longer act at the level he wanted to.
Newman’s efforts off-screen were equally
prolific. In 1968 he and Woodward made
headlines by campaigning full time for
Democratic candidate Eugene McCarthy
and for their strong opposition to
the war in Vietnam. With Barbara
Streisand and Steve McQueen,
Newman founded First Artists, a production
company created to offer performers the
opportunity to produce their own projects.
Productions included The Sting, which won the
1973 Oscar for Best Picture. With writer AE
Hotchner, Newman founded Newman’s Own,
a line of food products whose proceeds would
be donated to charity. Newman also began
his own charities, the Hole-in-the-Wall Gang
Camp, a residential summer camp for seriously
ill children, and the Scott Newman Foundation,
started after the drug-related death of his
son. He was also an avid racecar driver and
raced frequently in major races including Le
Mans and the Can-Am and Trans-Am series.
In 2008, Newman was diagnosed with lung
cancer and died soon thereafter in his beloved
town of Westport, CT. Father of six children,
he died surrounded by friends and family.
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CLICK HERE TO SEE A MONTAGE OF SOME OF PAUL NEWMAN’S GREATESTMOVIE MOMENTS
10 AMERICAN PATRIOT
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AMERICAN PATRIOT 11
The story is this. In the early 19th Century,the U.S. and British Canada had establisheda joint claim over the Oregon territory, whichcovered lands west of the Rockies and allthe up to the border with Alaska. When jointgovernance caused friction, however, theparties decided to divide the territory.
Enter James K. Polk (pictured above) who,as the 1844 Democratic presidential candi-date, ran on a platform of taking control overthe entire territory. His campaign popular-ized the slogan, “Fifty-four Forty or Fight!”(that was the line of latitude serving as the
northern boundary of the territory). Polkthreatened to go to war unless the U.S. wasgranted the entire territory, and he won theelection by soundly defeating a less bellicoseHenry Clay of the Whig Party.
After the election, calmer heads prevailed.Polk, eyeing expansion in Texas and Mexico,did not want a second war on his hands.When the British Ambassador, proposed acompromise — to use the 49th parallel asa border to divide the territory but loopsouthward around Vancouver Island so theBritish could keep the island intact — bothsides backed down and war was averted.The Treaty of Oregon, signed in 1846, is stillthe law today and the border, which nowseparates Washington State and BritishColumbia, still stands.
During the negotiations in 1845, magazineeditor John O’Sullivan wrote an article stat-ing that the U.S. had a “manifest destinyto overspread the whole of the Continentwhich Providence has given us for the devel-opment of the great experiment of liberty.”The term — Manifest Destiny — became apopular term for the inevitable expansion ofthe country from the Atlantic to the Pacific.
With Canada and America sharing the longest peaceful border in theworld, it is strange to think that war once almost broke out over theexact location of the border in the great Northwest where the U.S.,Canada and then-Russian Alaska met. Strange but true.
< MAP SHOWING PROPOSED BOUNDARIES RELATING TO OREGON QUESTION.From Political History of Oregon by James Henry Brown, copyright W.B. Allen 1892.
The man who invented basketball, Dr. James
Naismith was born in 1861 in Canada. He always
attributed the notion of basketball as arising from
a schoolboy game involving rock tossing that he
had played outside his one-room schoolhouse.
Naismith grew up to attend McGill University
in Montreal and, after serving as the university’s
Athletic Director, he moved on to the YMCA
Training School in Springfield MA in 1891. In
snowy western Massachusetts, Naismith was
faced with finding a sport suitable for play inside
during the winter for the students at the School
for Christian Workers. Naismith wanted to create
a game of skill for the students, and one that
could be played indoors in a relatively small
space. The first version of his invention was
played with a soccer ball and two peach baskets
used as goals. Players tried to throw the ball
into the elevated peach baskets.
JAMES NAISMITHTHE MAN WHO INVENTED
BASKETBALLWhen you think of the fast, flashy and popular spectacle of basketballtoday, it is hard to remember that that game was not invented all that longago and was intended as a quiet game of indoor skill for students.
PICTURED TOP LEFT:The 1899 University of Kansas basketball team, with Dr. James Naismith at the back, right.
PICTURED BOTTOM LEFT: The first basketball court at Springfield College.
12 AMERICAN PATRIOT
AMERICAN PATRIOT 13
The first official game was played in the YMCA
gymnasium in January 1892 with nine players.
The game ended at 1-0; the single score was
made from 25 feet, on a court just half the size
of a present-day standard court. By 1897, teams
of five became standard and, with the help and
missionary zeal of the YMCA movement, the
game spread quickly throughout the country.
The sport caught on and evolved quickly. Peach
baskets, used until 1906, were replaced by
metal hoops with backboards and nets. Baskets,
originally nailed to the mezzanine balcony of
the playing court, were often interfered with by
spectators. The solution: a backboard was intro-
duced to prevent interference and had the addi-
tional effect of allowing rebound shots. While
the “Y” eventually discouraged the sport for its
rowdiness, other clubs, colleges, and professional
clubs filled the void. The first pro league, the
National Basketball League, was formed in 1898
to protect players from exploitation and to promote
a less rough game. The rest, as they say, is history.
As for Naismith, he joined the University of
Kansas faculty in 1898, teaching physical edu-
cation and as chaplain. In addition to creating
the game of basketball, James Naismith gradu-
ated as a medical doctor, primarily interested in
sports physiology and what we would today call
sports science, and as Presbyterian minister
with a keen interest in clean living. Naismith
watched the sport spread to many nations and
to the Berlin Olympics in 1936, where he was
an honored guest. He died in 1939 and, posthu-
mously, the Basketball Hall of Fame in Springfield
is named in his honor.
BASKETBALL GAMES AT THE UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS’ ALLEN FIELDHOUSE TAKE PLACE ON THE JAMES NAISMITH COURT.
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PLAN YOUR TRIP TO THE NAISMITH MEMORIAL BASKETBALL HALL OF FAME IN MASSACHUSETTS
14 AMERICAN PATRIOT
Tiffany Lamps, US Olympic Home
QUOTE OF THE WEEK
“Thanksgiving is an emotional holiday. People travel thousands of miles to be withpeople they only see once a year. And thendiscover once a year is way too often.”
— JOHNNY CARSONCOMEDIAN AND “KING OF LATE NIGHT TELEVISION” AS HOST OF THE TONIGHT SHOW FROM 1962-1992
THIS WEEK IN AMERICAN HISTORY
AMERICAN PATRIOT 15
1851. Moby-Dick, arguable the greatest classic of American literature and a staple of high school Englishclasses, was published by Harper & Brothers. The author, Herman Melville, served in the MerchantMarines, the U.S. Navy, and on a whaling ship, and he brought this knowledge to his story aboutthe obsessive quest to track a great white whale. The book was initially unsuccessful, and Melvilleworked for 20 years as a Customs Inspector to support himself.
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