American American Urbanization and Urbanization and

New York CityNew York CityBy: Audria MuscaraBy: Audria Muscara

The Country and the CityThe Country and the City Colony of New Colony of New

Amsterdam was a Amsterdam was a beaver skin trading beaver skin trading post ran by the Dutch.post ran by the Dutch.

Start of capitalism Start of capitalism came out of this came out of this cultural and religious cultural and religious melting pot.melting pot.

The colony became The colony became New York after being New York after being taken over and taken over and governed by the governed by the British. The revolution British. The revolution was fueled by taxes was fueled by taxes imposed on merchants imposed on merchants and citizens. and citizens.

The Country and the CityThe Country and the City The British continued to The British continued to

inhabit New York for 7 years inhabit New York for 7 years The land was flourishing yet The land was flourishing yet

in extreme debt.in extreme debt. Alexander Hamilton founded Alexander Hamilton founded

the New York Stock the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and paid Exchange (NYSE) and paid off the debt by moving the off the debt by moving the Capital and selling Capital and selling government bonds.government bonds.

The Country and the CityThe Country and the City John Astor (a fur trader) bought New York John Astor (a fur trader) bought New York

real estate during the “boom” and became real estate during the “boom” and became the richest man in the world.the richest man in the world.

Dewitt Clinton supported the development Dewitt Clinton supported the development of the Erie Canalof the Erie Canal

Because of the large amounts of poverty Because of the large amounts of poverty and disease, Theodore Roosevelt stepped and disease, Theodore Roosevelt stepped in and wanted to “re-build” and expand in and wanted to “re-build” and expand New York City. This was accomplished by New York City. This was accomplished by acquiring Brooklyn, The Bronx, Queens, acquiring Brooklyn, The Bronx, Queens, and Staten Island.and Staten Island.

Sunshine and ShadowSunshine and Shadow 2 extremes of New 2 extremes of New

York; poverty ridden York; poverty ridden (prostitution, begging, (prostitution, begging, starving children, and starving children, and robbery) and pre-civil robbery) and pre-civil war New York (uppity war New York (uppity English province)English province)

At the start of the new At the start of the new century the level of century the level of poverty became more poverty became more pronounced. People pronounced. People were living in filth, were living in filth, disease’ and tight disease’ and tight living quarters.living quarters.

Sunshine and ShadowSunshine and Shadow New York relied on “New Money” to build a new New York relied on “New Money” to build a new

city.city. The Brooklyn Bridge was built to expand New The Brooklyn Bridge was built to expand New

York over the river into the new vast land. It was York over the river into the new vast land. It was the largest structure being built at the time.the largest structure being built at the time.

Tammany Hall was established as a political Tammany Hall was established as a political organization that helped poor immigrants to find organization that helped poor immigrants to find jobs. Corrupt politicians were profiting off of jobs. Corrupt politicians were profiting off of government money and the news became very government money and the news became very public.public.

Thomas Nast from Harpers Weekly informed Thomas Nast from Harpers Weekly informed public (with cartoons) of corrupt politician Boss public (with cartoons) of corrupt politician Boss Tweed.Tweed.

Sunshine and ShadowSunshine and Shadow

1873- Panic starting The Great 1873- Panic starting The Great Depression because of the Depression because of the

corrupt government and financialcorrupt government and financial systemsystem

John P. Morgan wanted to bring order John P. Morgan wanted to bring order to Wall Street by establishing “free to Wall Street by establishing “free market capitalism”market capitalism”

1882- J.P. Morgan sponsors electric 1882- J.P. Morgan sponsors electric lights to light the city and the lights to light the city and the completion of the Brooklyn bridgecompletion of the Brooklyn bridge

A Merger that puts New A Merger that puts New York on TopYork on Top

AOL and Time Warner merge want to lead AOL and Time Warner merge want to lead efforts in bringing back the cultural and efforts in bringing back the cultural and economic influence New York had on the economic influence New York had on the world.world.

American technology companies starting American technology companies starting with the invention of electricity helped fuel with the invention of electricity helped fuel the economy.the economy.

In the past, New York has struggled in In the past, New York has struggled in maintaining it’s national metropolis status.maintaining it’s national metropolis status.

The west coast has given New York some The west coast has given New York some competition in technological advances.competition in technological advances.

The City in the Land of the The City in the Land of the DollarDollar

North American cities were North American cities were described as random, scattered described as random, scattered dwellings with no order, beauty, dwellings with no order, beauty, or mindfulness.or mindfulness.

Chicago- shaped by the Chicago- shaped by the commercial and industrial commercial and industrial expansion of the late 19expansion of the late 19thth century. century.

A new city was built in Chicago A new city was built in Chicago after a 1971 fire nearly destroyed after a 1971 fire nearly destroyed all of it. all of it.

Electric trolleys, elevators, sky Electric trolleys, elevators, sky scrapers, and steel construction scrapers, and steel construction fueled the development of the fueled the development of the city.city.

The City in the Land of the The City in the Land of the DollarDollar

The “Loop” was considered the business The “Loop” was considered the business district of Chicago and housing occupied the district of Chicago and housing occupied the outside country land which eventually grew outside country land which eventually grew and became “city-like.”and became “city-like.”

Chicago was fast growing and attracted the Chicago was fast growing and attracted the people based on the promise of employment.people based on the promise of employment.

Parks within the city similar to central park Parks within the city similar to central park were established.were established.

The Columbian Exposition (Chicago’s world The Columbian Exposition (Chicago’s world fair) tied in classic architecture with urban fair) tied in classic architecture with urban landscaping and art landscaping and art

The City in the Land of the The City in the Land of the DollarDollar

Public parks and boulevards Public parks and boulevards became places of leisure and became places of leisure and recreation.recreation.

Some political groups wanted the Some political groups wanted the cities expansion to grow cities expansion to grow outwards while other groups outwards while other groups pushed for a vertical expansion pushed for a vertical expansion (skyscrapers) which impressed (skyscrapers) which impressed the Europeans.the Europeans.

Between 1919 and 1923 a Between 1919 and 1923 a building code height max was set building code height max was set at 200 feet.at 200 feet.