1 12/20/201512/20/2015 paramyxoviruses fackrel@uwindsor.caparamyxo.ppt

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ParamyxovirusesParamyxoviruses

Fackrel@Uwindsor.caFackrel@Uwindsor.ca

paramyxo.pptparamyxo.ppt

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ParamyxovirusesParamyxoviruses

StructureStructureClassificationClassificationMultiplicationMultiplicationClinical manifestationsClinical manifestationsEpidemiologyEpidemiologyDiagnosisDiagnosisControlControl

Baron’s Web Site

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ParamyxoviridaeParamyxoviridae

Paramyxovirus Paramyxovirus - parainfluenza, mumps- parainfluenza, mumpsPneumovirusPneumovirus - respiratory syncytial virus - respiratory syncytial virusMorbillivirusMorbillivirus - measles - measles

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Rubella virus is a member of the Togaviridae!!!

Rubella virus is a member of the Togaviridae!!!

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Structure: ParamyxoviridaeStructure: Paramyxoviridae

Enveloped 150-300 nmEnveloped 150-300 nmhelical, pleomorphic helical, pleomorphic

symmetrysymmetrySS RNA ,antisense SS RNA ,antisense

monopartitemonopartite

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Viral ProteinsViral Proteins

RNA-directed RNA polymeraseRNA-directed RNA polymeraseHemagglutininHemagglutinin

parainfluenzaparainfluenzameaslesmeasles

NeuraminidaseNeuraminidaseparainfluenzaparainfluenza

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Neuraminidase & hemagglutinin activities are different sites of the

same protein

Neuraminidase & hemagglutinin activities are different sites of the

same protein

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Fusion protein causes syncytia formation

Fusion protein causes syncytia formation

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MultiplicationMultiplication

Antisense strand -> sense RNA Antisense strand -> sense RNA RNA directed RNA polymeraseRNA directed RNA polymerase

Viral proteinsViral proteinssense RNA template for antisense strandssense RNA template for antisense strandscapsid assemblycapsid assembly

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ParamxyovirusParamxyovirus

Parainfluenza virusParainfluenza virus

Mumps virusMumps virus

Measles virusMeasles virus

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Parainfluenza VirusesParainfluenza VirusesParainfluenza VirusesParainfluenza Viruses

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Paraflu:Clinical manifestionsParaflu:Clinical manifestions

mild or severe infectionsmild or severe infectionslower and upper respiratory tractlower and upper respiratory tractparticularly in childrenparticularly in children

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Paraflu: ClassificationParaflu: Classification

types 1,2,3,4 in humanstypes 1,2,3,4 in humanstype 4 subtypes A & Btype 4 subtypes A & B

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Paraflu: EpidemiologyParaflu: Epidemiology

occurs worldwideoccurs worldwideusually endemicusually endemicprimarily in young childrenprimarily in young childrenreinfections commonreinfections common

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Paraflu: DiagnosisParaflu: Diagnosis

clinical symptoms nonspecificclinical symptoms nonspecificIsolate virusIsolate virusDetect viral antigensDetect viral antigensDetect rise in specific antibodiesDetect rise in specific antibodies

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No vaccine is available for Parainfluenza

No vaccine is available for Parainfluenza

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Mumps virusMumps virusMumps virusMumps virus

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Mumps:Clinical manifestionsMumps:Clinical manifestions

systemic febrile infectionsystemic febrile infectionchildren & young adultschildren & young adultsswelling of salivary glandsswelling of salivary glands

Parotid glandParotid glandmeningitis commonmeningitis commonencephalitis can occurencephalitis can occurorchitis oophoritis in adultsorchitis oophoritis in adults

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Single mumps serotype Single mumps serotype

shared antigens with paraflu type 1shared antigens with paraflu type 1

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Mumps:PathogenesisMumps:Pathogenesis

droplet infectiondroplet infectionviremiaviremiaspreads to glands & nervous tissuespreads to glands & nervous tissueinflammation & cell deathinflammation & cell death

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Mumps:EpidemiologyMumps:Epidemiology

worldwideworldwideendemic in urban areasendemic in urban areasintermittant in rural areasintermittant in rural areas

epidemic 2-7 yearsepidemic 2-7 years

peak incidence Jan-Maypeak incidence Jan-May

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Mumps:DiagnosisMumps:Diagnosis

TYPICAL TYPICAL clinical diagnosisclinical diagnosisATYPICALATYPICALisolate virusisolate virusviral antigen in saliva of CSFviral antigen in saliva of CSFDetect specific IgMDetect specific IgMDetect rising titer of IgGDetect rising titer of IgG

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Mumps: DefensesMumps: Defenses

InterferonInterferonhumoral immunityhumoral immunitycell mediated immunitycell mediated immunitylifelong protectionlifelong protection

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Mumps:ControlMumps:Control

live attentuated vaccinelive attentuated vaccinelong term protectionlong term protectionreinfections can occurreinfections can occur

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MorbillivirusMorbillivirusMorbillivirusMorbillivirus

Measles virusMeasles virus

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Measles: Clinical manifestionsMeasles: Clinical manifestions

coryza, conjunctivitis, fever rashcoryza, conjunctivitis, fever rashmaculopapular rash 1-3 days latermaculopapular rash 1-3 days laterComplicationsComplicationsotitis, pneumonia, encephalitisotitis, pneumonia, encephalitisSSPE (subacute sclerosing SSPE (subacute sclerosing

panencephalitis)-rarepanencephalitis)-rare

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Measles: PathogenesisMeasles: Pathogenesis

viremiaviremiamultiples in cells of :multiples in cells of :

lymphatic systemlymphatic system respiratory systemrespiratory system skinskinbrainbrain

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Measles:Host DefensesMeasles:Host Defenses

InterferonInterferonHumoral immunityHumoral immunityCell mediated immunityCell mediated immunityLife long protectionLife long protection

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Measles: EpidemiologyMeasles: Epidemiology

worldwideworldwideendemics & epidemicsendemics & epidemicsmainly late winter-early springmainly late winter-early spring

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Measles IncidenceMeasles Incidence

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Measles: DiagnosisMeasles: Diagnosis

TypicalTypicalclinical manifestationsclinical manifestations

AtypicalAtypicalIsolate virusIsolate virusDetect specific IgMDetect specific IgMDetect increase in IgGDetect increase in IgG

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Measles: ControlMeasles: Control

Active vaccinationActive vaccinationLive attentuated virus vaccineLive attentuated virus vaccinelong lasting protectionlong lasting protection

Passive immunityPassive immunitymeasles hyperimmunoglobulinmeasles hyperimmunoglobulin

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WHO MeaslesVaccination Strategy

WHO MeaslesVaccination Strategy

"catch-up""catch-up" everyone aged 1-14 years everyone aged 1-14 years"keep-up""keep-up" 90% of children at age 12 months; 90% of children at age 12 months; "follow-up""follow-up" 3-5 years 3-5 years

WHO Report

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PneumovirusPneumovirusPneumovirusPneumovirus

Respiratory syncytial virusRespiratory syncytial virus

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RSV:Clinical manifestionsRSV:Clinical manifestions

upper & lower respiratory tract infectionupper & lower respiratory tract infectionfrequent in young childrenfrequent in young childrensignificant in elderlysignificant in elderly

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RSV: PathogenesisRSV: Pathogenesis

dropletsdropletsdirect contactdirect contactinfects ciliated epithelium of respiratory infects ciliated epithelium of respiratory

mucosamucosalocalizedlocalized

AAntibody ntibody DDependent ependent CCytotoxicityytotoxicity

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RSV: Host DefensesRSV: Host Defenses

interferoninterferoncell mediated immunitycell mediated immunityHumoral immunityHumoral immunitySecretory immunity ( sIgA)Secretory immunity ( sIgA)reinfection possiblereinfection possible

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RSV: EpidemiologyRSV: Epidemiology

worldwideworldwidetemperate climatestemperate climatesepidemic winter and early springepidemic winter and early springinfants & young childreninfants & young children

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RSV: DiagnosisRSV: Diagnosis

nonspecific clinical symptomsnonspecific clinical symptomsIsolate virusIsolate virusDetect viral antigenDetect viral antigenDetect IgM, IgADetect IgM, IgADetect icrease in IgGDetect icrease in IgG

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RSV: ControlRSV: Control

no vaccineno vaccineribavrin as aerosolribavrin as aerosolisolate patients in hospitalsisolate patients in hospitals