311 electo silva gasificación de biomasa para la generación de energía eléctrica

Gasificación de biomasa para la

generación de energía eléctrica

IV Congreso de Energias Renovables y Biocombustibles, UNAL, Lima, Perú

Prof. Dr. Electo Eduardo Silva Lora

NEST/IEM/UNIFEI

Itajubá city location in Brazil

Itajubá: 88000 inhabitants

4 universities

Itajubá: 88000 inhabitants

4 universities

FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF ITAJUBA

FOUNDED IN 1913 BY TEODOMIRO SANTIAGO

Students: now 2200 to be increased up to 6000 in 2012

400 graduate students

Professors: now 200 up to 470 in 2012

Mechanical Engineering Institute

EXCELLENCE GROUP IN THERMAL POWER AND

DISTRIBUTED GENERATION - NEST

Professor Dr. Electo S. Lora

Professor Dr. Osvaldo J.

Venturini

Professor Dr. Ricardo D. M. Carvalho

Professor Dr. Vladimir M.

Cobas

DISTRIBUTED GENERATION - NEST

++++ PhD and Master degree students

Professor Dr Rubenildo

Vieira Andrade

Professor DrJosé Carlos

Escobar Palacio

Qualification courses

Systems and process

Power plants diagnostic

Gas microturbines

Training of power plants operators

Biomass and solar energy

Training

RenewablesGENERAL

RESEARCH

AREAS

process modeling

microturbines

Fuel Cells

Stirling enginesCogeneration and

trigenerationPollutants control and sustainability

Thermodynamics and heat transfer

Environment

DG equipment

H2 SYNGAS FOR SOFC

BIOMASS GASIFICATION

BIOENERGY

PROCESS INTEGRATION

BIODIESEL AND SYNGAS

IN GMT

BIOMASS STIRLING

ENGINES

BIOMASS GASIFICATION

BIOFUELS LCA AND SUSTAINABILITY

ACTIVITIES

Our laboratories

Gas microturbines and chiller

Traning center for

power plants operators

Steam cycle

Solo Stirling engine

Bubbling bed gasifier

Refrigeration and

air conditioning

ETC…..

PUBLISHED BOOKS

IN 2010

PUBLISHED BOOKS

INTRODUCCIÓN

Agotamiento de las reservas de combustibles fósiles

Efecto estufa, calentamiento global ycambio climático

Norman Lior, 2008

BIOMASS TO LIQUIDS (BTL)

Biocombustíveis de 2G

Baseados na celulose e

hemicelulose os componentes mais abundantes na

biomassa

Foust, 2010

Foust, 2010

Fontes de Biomassa

Resíduos da Floresta

Resíduos de desbaste

Lascas de madeira

Resíduo de madeira urbana

Resíduos

Agrícolas

Fração de milho

Casca de arroz

Bagaço da cana

Colheita energética

Gramíneas

Arbustos

Etanol lignocelulósico por la ruta Etanol lignocelulósico por la ruta bioquimica: esquemas,

problemas a superar y custos

Biomassa Biomassa lignocelulósicalignocelulósica

FONTE: www.aneel.gov.br- Composição geral da biomassa

Biocombustibles por la ruta Biocombustibles por la ruta termoquímica: líquidos FT, DME,

etanol y gás natural sintético

NREL, TCS 2010

ELECTRICITY

BIOMASS GASIFICATION

BIOFUELS

245242322122266.044.1 76.376.3 mNCHxOHxCOxCOxHxmNmOOwHOCH +++++=+++

Gás sem tratamento

Biomassa

Gaseificador

Lavadores

MCITurbina a gás

Caldeira

Calor

Eletricidade

LIMPEZAACIONADOR PRIMÁRIO

Craqueamento em leito catalítico

Gás limpo

Termo craqueamento

Craqueamento Catalítico

Motor Stirling

Cogeração

Reforma

"Shift"Sintese

Conversão

Célula combustível

Metano

Amônia

GasolinaMetanol

Álcool

MCI

SINTESE

Biomass gasification based technologies

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

GAS MICROTURBINESGAS MICROTURBINES

STIRLING ENGINES

FUEL CELLS

GASIFICATION + ICE

Derating (20-30%)

TimingTiming

Gas cleaning

Compression ratio

BIOMAX 15

Gaseificadores alotérmicosGaseificadores alotérmicosPlanta de Gussing, Áustria Planta de Gussing, Áustria

Usos do Gás de Síntese

46

47

CHOREN Carbo-V Process

TCS, 2010

Syngas/methanol/gasoline,Tarud et al,, NREL, TCS 2010

Pulp and paper International, October 2009

GASIFICATION

AT NEST

TAR AND PARTICLE

CONTENT MEASUREMENT

GAS COMPOSITION

MEASUREMENT

Double stage downdraft gasifier at NEST/UNIFEI

Biomass characteristics

Biomass size adequation for the gasifier

Tested engine –Nominal power 10 Kwe. Achieved power during the tests with poor gas 6 kWe

Thermocouples

location

Cold efficiency and gas power performance for each experimental condition

AR: Ratio between first and second stages air flows (%).

CO emissions in the engine exhaust

Tests results for the three evaluated gasifiers

Present activities of NEST/IEM/UNIFEI in

the field of biomass gasification

• Implementation of gasification procedures for synthesis

gas production (O2 + Steam).

• Small gasification unit built-up for kinetic studies

• RDF gasification demonstration plant

• Biomass/Solar hybrid system

• LCA and exergoeconomics of BTL biofuels (Biochemical

and thermochemical routes).

THANKS A LOT

www.nest.unifei.edu.br

electo@unifei.edu.br