adapted physical activity and exercise is medicine prof. dr. gudrun doll-tepper freie universität...

Adapted Physical Activity and Exercise is Medicine

Prof. Dr. Gudrun Doll-TepperFreie Universität Berlin

International Symposium „Exercise is Medicine“

Györ, 20th May 2011

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- Persons/individuals/athletes with a disability

instead of the disabled

- Adapted Physical Activity and sport for persons

with a disability

Terminology

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Adapted Physical Activity exists in various settings:- Rehabilitation/therapy- Schools- Recreation & community (club sport, sport for all)- Elite sport (competitive, high performance)

What is Adapted Physical Activity?

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- 1952 - AAHPER defined “Adapted Physical

Education“ as a specialisation area with strong

focus on children and youth in special school

settings.

- 1970‘s - the term “Adapted Physical Activity“ was

preferred because it covered a much broader

spectrum

APA Definitions (1)

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1989 – when preparing the International Symposium on

APA, efforts were made to define APA:

Adapted Physical Activity refers to movement, physical

activity, and sport in which special emphasis is placed

on the interests and capabilities of individuals with

limited conditions.“

(Doll-Tepper, Dahms, Doll, Von Selzam, 1990)

APA Definitions (2)

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Adapted Physical Activity is crossdisciplinary theory and practice related to lifespan activity of individuals whose uniqueness of function, structure, or appearance requires expertise in(a) assessing and adapting ecosystems and(b) facilitating changes necessary for

- Equal access- Integration/inclusion- Lifespan wellness- Movement success- Empowerment/ self-actualization

Sherrill (1996)

APA Definitions (3)

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Rehabilitation/therapy

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Physical Education & School Sport

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Recreational & Sport For All

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Recreation & Community Sport

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Competitive Sport

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High Performance Sport

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APA is....

- A VERY broad area of expertise and service

- Cross-disciplinary and links with many different professions

- Is a dynamic area of study, work and research

- Not limited to specific populations

- FOR EVERYONE!

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A Look Back

Sir Ludwig Guttmann – A visionary

1960 1st Summer Games for the Paralysed

Precursor of the Paralympic Games

Introduction of physical activity of sport as part of the rehabilitation process, exercise as medicine!

1899-1980

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‚If I ever did one good thing in my medical career it was to introduce sport into the treatment and rehabilitation programme of spinal cord sufferers and other severely disabled‘

Quote from Sir Ludwig Guttmann

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- Founded in 1973 in Quebec, Canada- Developed regional organisations in:

- Africa- Asia- Europe- Middle East- North America- Oceania- South America

http://www.ifapa.biz

International Federation of Adapted Physical Activity (IFAPA)

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Québec, 1977:1st International Symposium on APA

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Berlin 1989:APA – An Interdisciplinary Approach

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- EMDAPA – since 1991

- EMMAPA – since 2005

- an Erasmus Mundus master programme

- DEUAPA – since 1997

- European University Diploma in APA

- now coordinated by Haaga Helia University of

Applied Sciences in Vierumäki (Finland)

- EUDAPA started in 2010

Education in APA – In Europe

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- More attention given to sport and physical activity of ALL ages, particularly on children and youth

- A focus on the ageing population, THENAPA Network on APA, disability and ageing (THENAPA II)

Youth & Ageing

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Obesity

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Physical Activity and Health

Agita São Paulo Agita Mundo

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IFAPA‘s Scientific Journal

http://www.humankinetics.com/APAQ/journalAbout.cfm

Important Journals

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Important Journals

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Important Journals

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Focus on differences/disabilities

TODAY

Emphasis on similarities/abilities, integrated

settings and inclusive education

In the Past

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1980 – ICIDH: International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps

2001 – ICF: International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICIDH-2)

World Health Organization (WHO)

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The ICF Model of Disability

- aims to provide “an international common

language, as well as a universal conceptual

framework for disability across languages and

cultures” (Üstün et al. 2001)

- classifies disability based on the health condition of

the individual

- looks at body function and structure, activity and

participation

- makes a distinction between contextual factors like

environment and personal factors

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The ICF Model

Health Condition(disorder or

disease)

Contextual factorsa) environmental b)

personal

Body function & structure

ParticipationActivity

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- 1981 - UN International Year of Disabled People

- 1982 - World Programme of Action Concerning

Disabled People

- 1983 -1992 - UN Decade of the Disabled

- 1993 - UN Standard Rules on the Equalisation of

Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities

- 2006 - UN Convention on the Rights of Persons

with Disabilities

United Nations and Disability

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- Remove barriers & change attitudes

- Guarantee equal rights

- Offer full access to all areas of society including sport

- Convince political leaders of the benefits of physical

activity & sport

- Legislation can strongly influence the process of

integration/inclusion!

Action steps in society in general

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- Develop training opportunities for athletes,

coaches, teachers, administrators, officials and

referees

- Intensify cooperation between disciplines in

practice, research and teaching

- Improve networking opportunities on international,

regional and local levels

- Expand research base of APA

- Develop closer links with sport, education, health

and recreation providers

Current & future challenges in APA (i)

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- Be part of APA and help contribute to its professional

development!

- Practise inclusive sport as much as possible

- Improve participation in the practical fields

(therapy/rehabilitation, education, health, recreation

and sport)

- Share examples of good practice!

Current & future challenges in APA (ii)

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Linking Networks

Similarities between networks of „APA“ and „Exercise is

Medicine“ exist, both with regard to

- treatment and

- prevention

Explore how these networks could be connected in order to

bring even more benefits to all people, including those with a

disability!

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For further information

Please contact

Gudrun Doll-Tepper

Freie Universität Berlin

gudrundt@zedat.fu-berlin.de

phone +49-30-838 531 83