adaptive reuse of el hogar building unfinished
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Table of Contents
PRELIMINARIES:
Acknowledgement ………………………………………………. i.
Dedication ………………………………………………………… ii.
Table of Contents ………………………………………………. Iii.
CHAPTERS:
I. INTRODUCTION
A. Historical Background ……………..
A.1 Background of the Problem ………….
A.2 Background of the Study
A.3 Background of the Project
B. Statement of the Problem …………
C. Significance of the Problem …………
C.1 Significance of the Study ……
D. Goals and Objectives ………………..
E. Scope and Limitations ………………..
F. Theoretical Framework ………………..
G. Definition of Term ………………………..
II. CASE STUDY & REVIEW OF RELATED
LITERATURE
A. Case Study (with Assessment)
A.1 Local Projects
A.2 Foreign Projects
B. Review of Related Literature (with Assessment)
B.1 Local Literature
B.2 Foreign Literature
III. SITE PRESENTATION & ANALYSIS
A. Site Selection Criteria
A.1 Major
A.2 Specific
B. Site Selection
B.1 Site Selection Process
B.2 Site Justification
C. Site Assessment
C.1 Geographical Setting
C.2 Site Suitability
C.3 Utilities
C.4 Socio-economic Conditions
IV. USER ANALYSIS
A. Demographic Profile
B. Target Users
C. User’s Requirements
V. ARCHITECTURAL SOLUTION
A. Architectural Programming
A.1 Site
A.2 Buildings
A.3 Bubble Diagrams
A.3.1 Site
A.3.2 Buildings
B. Project Conceptualization
B.1 Design Philosophy
B.2 Design Concept
B3. Conceptual Drawings
VI. SUMMARY
A. Summary of Findings
B. Conclusion
C. Recommendations
VII. LIST OF REFERENCES
VIII. APPENDIXES
A. Historical Background
“He who does not know how to look back at his origin will never arrive at his
destination.”
As a former territory of Spain, Japan, and the United States,
with both Asian and Polynesian influences, the history and
culture of the Philippines is rich and storied. As a result, the
exploration of Filipino efforts to preserve their heritage makes
for a fascinating results.
Unlike the United States, the historic preservation movement
in the Philippines appears to have always been a government-
led effort. Ironically, the Philippine preservation movement
originated with a law passed by the United States. Act No. 243
was passed in 1901 by the Philippine Commission—the
colonial governmental body created by the United States—and
declared “that a monument shall be erected to Jose Rizal, the
Philippine patriot, writer, and poet, upon the Luneta, in the city
of Manila.” Much like the beginnings of the American
preservation movement, the erection of this monument to Jose
Rizal was clearly intended to inspire patriotism—Mr. Rizal is
the embodiment of Filipino patriotism and the father of Filipino
nationalism.
The Philippine government did not begin to
establish a systematic approach to historic
preservation until the 1930s. Even then, the
approach to preservation was limited in scope
with no regulatory authority. In 1933, American
Governor-General Frank Murphy issued an
executive order that created a committee to
identify, designate, and mark historic
antiquities. This executive body, called the
Philippine Historical Research and Markers
Committee (PHRMC), had no actual control
over the preservation of antiquities, as it was
only empowered to find and mark properties
that, in its estimation, should be preserved.
“It is hereby declared to be the policy of the state to
preserve and protect the cultural properties of the
nation and to safeguard their intrinsic value”
-Cultural properties and Preservation Act
Although cultural treasure designation provided
greater protections to personal property, real
property (i.e. buildings, monuments, shrines, and
landmarks) cultural treasures were provided
limited protection. Before any non-inheritance
change in ownership of a privately owned real
property cultural treasure could take place, the
National Museum must have been notified and
given an opportunity to comment on the transfer.
Other than this, real property designated as a
cultural treasure received no special protection
from the CPPPA.
The Philippine historic preservation movement
began as a sporadic, ad hoc monument
construction and historic site designation
program with little or no regulatory authority.
Now, the Philippines boasts a progressive,
robust preservation system with strong
regulatory powers. Even though the current
program is radically more powerful than it was
just thirty years earlier, the Philippine built
heritage preservation system has maintained its
foundational core—national historic sites. In
fact, almost all regulatory authority under the
National Cultural Heritage Act stems from the
designation of a cultural property as a national
shrine, landmark, monument or site.
Other governments seeking to emulate the
Philippine preservation model should take note
of the island nation’s careful and collaborative
legislative process, which spanned over fifteen
years and involved open communication
amongst all affected stakeholders. Despite their
success, leaders of the Philippine preservation
program should strive to enlist more grassroots
support by decentralizing preservation
regulatory power and by encouraging local
government units to create and experiment with
their own preservation programs.
Notwithstanding its shortcomings, the Philippine
historic preservation movement has grown into
an enviable regulatory system that has the
potential to effect successful long-term
preservation of its historically and culturally
significant built environment
(http://preservelaw.com/2014/01/historic-
preservation-philippines/).
A.1 Background of the Problem
Change is inevitable in the historic
environment. Buildings, streetscapes, and
urban areas are dynamic places that are
constantly adapting to the needs of their
inhabitants, with each generation contributing
uniquely to this evolution.
There are varying views on what constitutes
appropriate new development within a historic
context. Some argue that new architectural
insertions should represent a continuum of
building traditions and replicate the surrounding
historic environment, while others advocate for
the juxtaposition of new and old, with the new
reflecting contemporary expression through
different forms, styles, materials, and/or
technologies. Between these two extremes are
design responses that respect traditional
architectural forms and hierarchies but are
expressed using a contemporary architectural
language.
The twentieth century brought rapid
transformation to the urban landscape and the
pace of change continues to increase in the
twenty-first century and, with it, so have threats
to the conservation of historic environments.
Urban areas face development pressures to
accommodate unparalleled urban population
growth and new economic pressures.
Modernism, the leading architectural force of
the twentieth century, broke with traditional
architectural and planning approaches, utilizing
forms and materials that often contrasted with
the existing historic environment. More recently,
in response to economic pressures, civic
leaders have promoted their cities by creating
new landmarks, often turning to celebrity
architects to create provocative designs that
strive for individual attention, overshadowing
traditional civic landmarks such as city halls and
cathedrals
(
http://www.getty.edu/conservation/our_projects/
field_projects/cahe/overview.html).
A.2 Background of the Study
A.3 Background of the Project
B. Statement of the Problem
C. Significance of the Problem
C.1 significance of the Problem
C.2 Significance of the Study
D. Goals and Objectives
E. Scope and Limitations
F. Theoretical Framework
G. Definition of Terms
II. CASE STUDY & REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
A. Case Study (with Assessment)
A.1 Local: Juan Luna E-service Building: from City Bank to BPO
Known before as the First National City Bank
Building, it has been given a new lease of life ready for the
future with a new name to reflect its rebirth: the Juan Luna E-
Services Building.
Designed by an architect whose name is now
unfortunately lost in history, the building was completed in
1922 thanks to funding from the El Hogar Mutual Association,
AKA its neighbor across Juan Luna St. It first served as the
headquarters of a trading company, the Pacific Commercial
Company. Then in the 1930s until the 1940s, the building
became the Philippine office of an American bank, the First
National City Bank (of New York) which would later be one of
the precursor institutions to what would become one of the leading
financial institutions in the world today, Citibank.
In its heyday, it was (and still is) one of the imposing buildings
to have been built along the northern bank of the Pasig River. After
all, it was hard to miss the classic columnar design meshed with early
20th century building architecture. It fell into a slow steady decline in
the following decades as it fell into gradual disuse. Fortunately, with
the dawn of the 21st century came also a new dawn for this building.
Under new ownership, the building was given a new lease of life
thanks to adaptive reuse, now envisioned to serve as office space for
the country’s thriving business process outsourcing (BPO) industry.
With that came a new name for the building, now known as the Juan
Luna E-Services Building. With a team headed by architect and writer
Augusto Villalon, the building went through some structural retrofitting
and some changes such as the addition of a viewing deck at the
topmost floor while keeping many of its elements intact.
As of this writing, some works are still being done but
needless to say, the building is almost ready to be leased to
interested BPO companies as part of an effort to lure businesses back
to the capital city and its old business district in Binondo.
A.2 Foreign: Ambler Boiler House conversion: from Power Plant
to Office
The shell of a 19th-century industrial plant is converted into
three levels of modern office space.
Like many 19th-century industrial facilities, the Ambler Boiler
House long ago outlived its initial use. Built in 1897 to generate power
for an asbestos plant, the structure was abandoned when the owner
folded after the Depression. In the early 2000s, Summit Realty
Advisors bought the site, appreciating its proximity to a rail stop—
Philadelphia is 40 minutes away by train—as well as good roads and
utility services.
The 2008 crash delayed plans, but three years later, construction of
an office complex began. Summit used creative financing, including
state and county funds, to realize this speculative project in tough
economic times.
Asbestos was remediated with the help of the Pennsylvania
Department of Environmental Protection and state grants and loans.
The endeavor required 760 man-hours of labor and the removal of
530 cubic yards of contaminated construction debris and waste. All
that remained was a brick shell and steel roof trusses.
The former two-story plan entailed excessive floor-to-floor
heights for offices, so the Building Team, led by Heckendorn Shiles
Architects, inserted structural steel and concrete slabs to create three
levels. Entryways and windows, many of which had been walled
up, were reopened and in filled with high-efficiency store-front
glazing. An iconic 140-foot smokestack was retained, and the
original monitor roof profile, now equipped with translucent
composite clerestories, enhances daylighting. Loft-style office spaces
are characterized by references to the past, including exposed brick
and reclaimed wood. However, the infrastructure is thoroughly
modern. In particular, a 54-well geothermal system makes the building
economical to operate, contributing to a LEED Platinum designation.
Since it opened in August 2012, the development has attracted a mix
of tenants, including Summit Realty, Clutch (a mobile app designer),
and AEC firm Core States Group. Did, a boutique healthcare
marketing agency, recently completed a two-story fit-out, with an open
communicating stair and a “village green” common space. Ambler
Boiler House—first an economic engine, then an eyesore—is most
emphatically back in business.
B. Review of Related Literature (with Assessment)
B.1 Local Literature: The Legarda Ancestral Mansion: from a house
to restaurant
An old art deco house, one of the first art deco houses
built in San Miguel, Manila circa 1937, the mansion still houses the
clinic of Ramona's husband and Legarda patriarch Dr. Alejandro, his
collection of antique cameras and radio equipment, and various family
memorabilia including valuable artworks of the country's national
artists, and photographs of the original house which document the
ambiance of stately dinners and those who came to wine and dine.
The house today is home to La Cocina de Tita Moning, which
is more than a restaurant, Chef Suzette said, as it offers a dining
experience which aims to recreate the elegant banquets during the
1930's served on no less than antique china.
B.2 Foreign Literature: Berlin Water Pump Plant: Water Pumping
Plant to Residential House
The building was erected between 1925 and 1926 as an
extension to the first pumping station in Berlin’s Neukoelln district
(then called Rixdorf) dating from 1893. In 1993 new facilities were
built on the adjoining premises and the old pumping station was
decommissioned. In 1989 the former pumping station was placed
under preservation order. Over the 13 years following the closedown it
was not possible to find a use for the building, mainly because of its
location, the exceptional size of the hall and the lack of a second
escape route for the upper floors.
There had been a survey commissioned by the preservation
authorities in 2002 that included major concessions such as new
staircases within the hall and big dormers on the roof, but still no one
could be found to buy it. It was only in early 2006, when Berlin-based
artists Michael Elmgreen and Ingar Dragset caught sight of the house
through an online real estate service and spontaneously decided to
make it their new headquarters.
The resulting adaptation is a home with a vast floor plan
broken up into small “nooks.” It contains two separate private areas
for each of the artists, as well as kitchen, four bathrooms, an attic
living room, and a large living/working space.
III. SITE PRESENTATION & ANALYSIS
B. Site Selection Criteria
Criteria Description
C1. Architectural Physical condition, architectural evaluation; structural analysis; functional
changeability, technological difficulties; material and decoration; refurbishment
feasibility; function performance
C2. Economic Potential market, benefit-cost ratio; life-cycle cost; financial sources; subsidize;
exemption
C3. Environmental Site layout; environmental impact; environmental quality of surroundings; energy
usage
C4. Social Compatibility with existing; public interest and support; social value; enhancing
community; loss of habitat
C5. Legal Outline Zoning Plan (OZP); Development Permission Area (DPA) Plans; new policy
measures to revitalizing industrial buildings; Wholesale Conversion of Industrial
Buildings
Source: Table 41.1 Selection Criteria of adaptive reuse industrial building; Liyin Shen & Kunhui Ye, Proceedings of the 19 th International
Symposium on Advancement of Constructions Management & Real Estate, April 27, 2015
A.1 Major
C.3 Description
Environmental
Environmental impact
Environmental Quality of
Surroundings
Energy Usage
C.4 Social Description
Public interest and support
Social value
Enhancing community
Loss of habitat
C.5 Legal
C.5.1 Outline Zoning Plan (OZP)
C.5.1.1 Development Permission Area (DPA) Plan
New policy measures to revitalizing industrial buildings
Wholesale Conversion of Industrial Buildings
A.2 Specific
C.1 Architectural Description
Physical condition
Architectural evaluation
architectural evaluation
structural analysis
functional changeability
Technological difficulties
material and decoration
refurbishment feasibility
function performance
C.2 Economic Description
Potential market
Benefit-cost ratio
life-cycle cost
financial sources
subsidize
exemption
B. Site Selection
B.1 Site Selection Process
Source: “A Proposed Histo-Cultural Preservation and Adaptive Reuse of the El Hogar Filipino Building into a Boutique Hotel and Café
Restaurant”, By: ESPIRITU, Joneveive D. SANSAIT, Toby Mar C. VALDEZ, Andre Patrick M., March 2014
B.2 Site Justification
B.2.1 Site Analysis
RARITY
This structure is one of the few surviving
architectural pieces not only in its vicinity, but in the
entire manila that bear the characteristics the eclectic
style of its era, a subtle mixture Beaux-Arts exterior
and Art Nouveau interiors in contrasts to its surviving
contemporaries which mostly characterize a purist
style of Art-Nouveau architecture; most notably of
which are the works of Juan Nakpil in the early 30's,
the Metropolitan Theatre and the Capitol Theatre.
ARCHITECT & BUILDERS
In this aspect the El Hogar falls short of merits, as Arch. Irureta
Goyena - like most architects of his generation - lacks proper
historic documentation of his works and career so there is no way
for the proponents to establish his notability as an Architect.
MEANING WITHIN ITS SOCIETY'S CULTURE
The El Hogar Building is a remnant of the glory days of the old
Escolta, its lavish interior and exterior mouldings bear the marks of
the
affluence of Manila during its early years. Today in our city's poverty
stricken age, the El Hogar stands as a testament that we once
achieved an age of economic development that financed a majestic
piece of architecture.
OWNERSHIP
Aside from its close affiliation to the influential family of the Zobels,
The El Hogar Building is primarily owned by Antonio Melian, a self-
made Peruvian tycoon that fashions himself as ''El Conde de
Peracamps” or "The Count from Peru". Antonio Melian cemented his
place in local history of Escolta by creating the EL HOGAR FILIPINO
SOCIEDAD MUTUA DE CONSTUCCION Y PRESTAMOS and the
insurance company called Filipinas Compañía de Seguros. This
creation and ownership of the El Hogar is a monument to our ties to
prominent families in foreign countries during this era.
MATERIALS
The El Hogar is a type 2 construction that is comprised primarily by
reinforced concrete and wooden roof members.
RELATIVE AGE
It was built in 1914, and now stands on its 99th year.
HISTORY OF ITS VARIOUS USES
El Hogar Filipino is notably the first financial institution in Manila, a
financial cooperative that helped finance the construction of a number
of Manila landmarks, including Jones Bridge and Metropolitan
Theater.
CURRENT LEVEL OF PROTECTION
Although the El Hogar Building's age endows it the protection of the
Heritage Law, it is still one of the most undocumented heritage
buildings. During the time that the proponents were conducting this
study, the El Hogar was not recorded as a historical or cultural
landmark by the NHCP and the NCCA.
VIABILITY FOR COMMERCIALIZATION
The area where the El Hogar building is located is a commercial zone
that is adjacent to Binondo, Escolta, and Intramuros, two of which are
commercial hubs and the latter a major tourist destination.
C. Site Assessment
C.1 Geographical Setting
“Any unit that includes all of the organisms (the community) in a given area, the physical environment so that a flow of energy leads to
clearly defined trophic structure, biotic diversity, and material cycles within the system is an ecosystem.”
C.1.1 Landforms
Source: googleearthsatelite
Source: googleearthsatelite
The existing landform is located in front of the El Hogar Filipino
building which is the ilog Pasig that stretches from Laguna de Bay
going to Manila. Its length is 15 kilometers which splits the Manila into
two. Its major branches are Ilog Marikina and Ilog San Juan. During
the Spanish times, it was a significant route of transportation. At the
moment, the river were pronounced dead due to pollution. One of the
factors are the urbanized areas surrounding the river and the informal
settles located on the sides of the river along Manila. Pasig River
Rehabilitation Commission or PRRC was implemented to aid the
restoration of the river
(src: http://fil.wikipilipinas.org/index.php/Ilog_Pasig).
C.1.2 Artificial Geographic Features
C.1.2.1 Settlements and Engineered Constructions
C.2 Site Suitability
C.3 Utilities
C.4 Socio-economic Conditions
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