airsmart - icopal.co.uk
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Superior strength and quality
Energy saving and cost effective
Reduces condensation risk
Enhances thermal performance
Complete airtight solution
AirSmart®
The intelligent choice in airtight systems
The AirSmart® Solution
Air leakage and U-value performance
AirSmart® vapour control layer
AirShield vapour control layer
Accessories
Icopal MonoSleeve
Detailing principles
Roof Window detail
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Contents2 3
Air tightness is absolutely essential if you
want to achieve a healthy environment,
reduce heating costs, eliminate heat
loss and reduce CO2 emissions. It also
protects the building envelope from
harmful condensation in walls and roof
spaces that can form mould, mildew
and rot resulting in the decay of the
construction and potentially leading to
health risks.
The Solution
The AirSmart® solution from Icopal
consists of two specially designed
membranes presenting benefits
depending on the construction
requirement in new build or refurbish-
ment projects. Since air tightness
involves a lot more than just
membranes, Icopal also offer a range
of specially designed accessories for
overlaps, details and upstands including
Monosleeve; a pre-made flexible
collar providing an easy, fast and
airtight solution for electricity cables
and pipe penetrations.
Why air tightness
Air tightness is the control of air leakage
and heat loss through the building fabric
and in particular at interfaces , joints
& junctions It is therefore extremely
important to provide an airtight seal
within the internal building fabric that
eliminates air leakage heat loss and
unwanted condensation in the building
fabric.
Carbon dioxide emissions from the
housing sector accounted for 27 per
cent of the UK’s carbon footprint.
Research shows that poor air tightness
alone is responsible for between
30-40% of the heat loss from buildings.
The UK government is introducing
legislation that will require CO2 levels to
be cut by 60% by 2050 from those levels
recorded in 1990. This will result
in improved U-values in buildings,
however, air leakage issues must
firstly be addressed by the introduction
of an air tightness system such as
AirSmart®.
Air Leakage
Effective Air tightness involves securing
air leakage paths and therefore reducing
the risk of condensation through warm
air from the inside of the building coming
into contact with cold surfaces in roofs
and walls. The amount of moisture
created in a typical domestic dwelling
is approximately 15 litres of water per
24 hours. If not ventilated away, the
moist air will enter the building fabric
and take with it heat that will eventually
condense. In winter time this will often
accumulate on the roofing underlay
including roofs designed with vapour
permeable membranes where the
amount of condensation is higher than
the membrane capacity. In severe cold
weather and if a building is newly built or
even up to 12 months after construction,
condensation will be a major concern.
The AirSmart® system controls the
amount of vapour that can escape into
the building fabric making it possible
for vapour permeable membranes to
perform as designed even in winter
conditions.
Given a winter situation where outside
air temperature is 5°C at 90% relative
humidity (RH) then it would take
approximately 10 m3 of air change to
remove 1 m3 of the moist indoor air at
20°C at 50% relative humidity. This is
not always possible as periods of cold
weather often provide very little air
movement resulting in the formation
of condensation. The moment vapour
condensates it will change from being
airborne to becoming liquid and can
therefore no longer pass through the
vapour permeable membrane. This in
turn means that the condensate water
will drip down onto the insulation and
affect the insulation’s U-value and may
subsequently form mould, mildew and
rot within the construction.
Due to these factors there is a much
higher focus on building airtight, and
ensuring a comfortable indoor climate.
Building airtight also means it is essential
to have adequate air changes withiin
the building as stated within Part F of
the Building Regulations. In essence
it is about the combination of building
airtight and ventilating correctly.
The AirSmart® Solution
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The smallest crack in a plasterboard
or unsealed overlap in a vapour control
layer, which is unavoidable using
traditional building techniques, will lead
to what is referred to as ‘convection’.
A small 1mm wide gap over an area of
1m2 in the inner building fabric like the
plaster board will lead to a reduced
U-value. It is important that reliance on
workmanship and cross over trades are
reduced as research shows that in cold
winter conditions the difference between
a perfectly sealed vapour control layer
system and a small 1mm continuous
gap in an area of 1m2 can reduce the
U-value performance by a factor of 4.8.
This means that the U-value cannot
be achieved if the structure is not
airtight and therefore you would require
increased energy to heat the house. It is
important to remember that air tightness
doesn’t increase U-value, however it
does provide the perfect conditions for
the intended calculated U-value to be
achieved.
Common air leakage path
There are a vast number of possible air
leakage paths in a building which need
to be considered for Airtight design
such as:
• Gaps around windows and external
door frames.
• Areas around extractor fans, cooker
hoods and boiler flues.
• Gaps around electrical services,
sockets, light fittings, built-in spot
lights, antenna cables.
• Partition junctions such as ceilings or
external walls.
• Holes through walls such as gaps in
the mortar joints or missing joints on
the inner leaf block work.
• Cracks in plaster board.
• Cuts and holes in the vapour control
layer for service penetrations.
• Gaps around loft hatch frames or the
seal between the hatch and frame.
• Gaps around central heating and soil
pipes, plumbing pipes behind sinks,
baths and toilets.
Air leakage and U-value performance
Air tightness – Building Regulations
The Building Regulations approved
document Part L1A 2010 now
specify that any new dwellings are built
airtight. The regulation is focused upon
conservation of fuel and power usage.
Part L1A states that any new dwellings
are tested for air tightness in accordance
with Table 1 as shown.
The Scottish Building Regulations,
Section 6, states the requirement to
build an airtight building and all new build
domestic dwellings should be should be
tested for air tightness (see Table 2).
Air tightness testing is carried out by
using a method known as a ‘blower door
test’ in accordance with BS EN 13829.
The measurement is taken by blowing
air into the house via a particular door
that is mounted in the main entrance.
By the use of thermographic equipment,
leakage paths can be identified.
The new Part L1A requires an air
tightness of maximum 10 m3/hr/m2 air
loss at a pressure of 50 Pa. Standard
good practice for air tightness testing in
the UK is a maximum of 7 m3/hr/m2 and
best practice is 3 m3/hr/m2 of air loss.
Section 6 of The Scottish Building
Regulation requires a maximum of 7
m3/hr/m2 of air loss at a pressure of 50
Pa. The Scottish regulations will be fully
enforced for all dwellings by 1st October
2011 and this test is mandatory.
Number of instances of the dwelling type
Number of tests to be carried out on the dwelling type
4 or less Two tests of each dwelling type.
Greater than 4, but equal to or less than 40
Three tests of each dwelling type.
More than 40 At least 10% of the dwelling type, unless the first 5 units of the type that are tested achieve the desired air permeability, when the sampling frequency can be subsequently reduced by 2%.
Number of pressure tests for dwellings that have not adopted accredited construction details
Pressure test frequency
Dwelling description
Baseline Testing of completed dwellings to be carried out on 1 in 20 dwellings or part thereof.
Large developments
It is advisable to test more than one example of the same dwelling type, completed at different stages in the overall development, to help establish consistency in quality of construction.
Smaller developments
The proportion of dwellings tested may need to increase, dependant on the range or type and form of dwellings present, to ensure a representative sample is taken.
One single dwelling
Air tightness testing should be carried out as it will not be possible to obtain comparative data on the quality of construction from similar dwellings. Alterna-tively, where a default design value of 15 m3/hr/m2 at 50 Pa is stated in demonstrating compliance under standard 6.1, testing need not be carried out.
50 Pa
England/WalesMax. 10m3/hr/m2
ScotlandMax. 7m3/hr/m2
Crack
Part L1A Regulations Scottish Building Regulations
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Tabel 1
Tabel 2
AirSmart® is a high-performing, multi-
purpose air barrier and vapour break
containing a special co-polymer coated,
spun bond, non-woven reinforcement. It
is designed to provide both an effective
air leakage barrier as well as regulating
vapour control properties.
Condensation
Typically, many damages to buildings are
caused by moisture from condensation
and moist building materials used within
a new construction. It is therefore of
vital importance that any moisture that
penetrates into the building envelope
(diffusion) or residual moisture from
the construction phase can dry out
effectively. The AirSmart® membrane
provides this protection due to its
low, but dynamic regulating vapour
resistance and can be used in new build
as well as in refurbishment projects as a
retrofit membrane.
Mechanical performance
The membrane has a reinforced
structure making it extremely durable
during installation and can easily be
shaped without stretching or tearing
around fixing points. The dynamic
performance of the membrane also
means it can be used with ecologically-
friendly insulation such as sheep’s wool,
which is sensitive to moisture build up
and can affect the thermal performance
of the insulation.
Dynamic performance
In the Winter period the dynamic
performance of the AirSmart®
membrane will allow a controlled
amount of vapour through the building
envelope which can be ventilated away
through the permeable roof underlay
without overloading the membrane and
causing unnecessary condensation risk.
In the Summer period the dynamic
performance of the AirSmart®
membrane is reversed as the vapour
drive is from outside to indside. In this
situation the membrane will allow a
AirSmart® vapour control layer
controlled amount of vapour to pass
into the building which is ventilated away
by natural ventilation. The AirSmart®
membrane will provide this protection
whilst remaining completely airtight
once installed using the entire AirSmart®
accessory program to effectively seal
the membrane.
The AirSmart® membrane is installed
on the warm side of the insulation,
where it can block air leakage and
help meet the building regulations and
standards. It thereby improves the
thermal performance of the insulation by
reducing convection flow.
Testing
The AirSmart® membrane is tested and
approved as a vapour barrier under the
European CE marking regulations and
classified as a Type A membrane under
the EN 13984 standard.
Benefits
• Superior strength for secure
installation and detailing.
• Due to the dynamic effect of the
product, any residue moisture can dry
out minimising the risk of unhealthy
mould and mildew.
• Energy and cost effective by reducing
convection flow therefore improving
the thermal performance of insulation.
• Lightweight and easy to cut and
handle.
• When fixed to the underside of
timber rafters provides a solid and
secure support for non rigid insulation
products.
Technical data
Performance Unit Value
Weight g/m2 130
Roll size m 1.5 x 50
MD CD
Tensile strength N/50 mm >400 >400
Nail tear resistance
N >250 >250
Water vapour resistance
MN s/g 5 - 20
Fire retardant class
E
MD: Machine DirectionCD: Cross Direction
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The AirShield membrane is a high
performing vapour control layer
and effective air barrier. Its robust
composition and reflective surface
enhances the overall thermal
performance of walls, ceilings and
floors. AirShield contains a highly
reflective foil with a high strength
polyester reinforcement sandwiched
between polyethylene for strength and
superior water vapour resistance.
Versatile
In addition to the superior vapour
control performance over any standard
800 gauge polyethylene films, the
highly reflective and low emissivity foil
face also contributes to the thermal
enhancement of the structure once
installed with the reflective surface
facing towards a still-air cavity. This
means not only does AirShield help
to maintain the calculated U-value
by limiting convection it can also help
contribute to the structure’s U-value.
Testing
AirShield is approved and tested as a
vapour barrier under the European CE
marking and is classified as a Type A
membrane in the EN 13984 standard.
Benefits
• Superior strength yet enables easier
installation and detailing.
• Improved thermal performance saving
costs and energy.
• Energy and cost effective by improving
the thermal performance of insulation
by reducing convection flow.
• Reflective, corrosion-resistant surface
that increases performance
throughout the lifetime of the product.
• Excellent vapour resistance helps
avoid condensation risk, ensuring a
safe and sound structure.
AirShield vapour control layer
Technical data
Performance Unit Value
Weight g/m2 190
Roll size m 1.5 x 50
MD CD
Tensile strength
N/50 mm >400 >425
Nail tear resistance
N >180 >185
Water vapour resistance
MN s/g >1000
Reflection % >75
MD: Machine DirectionCD: Cross Direction
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The AirSmart® accessory range has
been developed specially for the
AirSmart® membranes helping to
reduce uncontrolled air and vapour
leakage, whilst ensuring durability.
AirSmart® Lap Tape
Single sided green PE film with a strong
reinforcing grid and water based acrylic
adhesive with a release paper backing.
AirSmart® Lap Tape is highly suitable for
laps, butt joints and straight detailing.
Dimensions: 60 mm x 25 m.
AirSmart® Detail Tape
Single sided green PE film with split
release paper and a water based
acrylic adhesive. The tape has a special
diagonal reinforcing grid making it
possible to carry out detailing work
around penetrations without stretching.
AirSmart® Detail Tape is highly suitable
for detailing at windows and door
frames as well as around large pipe
penetrations.
Dimensions: 60 mm x 25 m.
AirSmart® Metalised Tape
Single sided acrylic adhesive with a
reflective foil facing. Should be used as
lap and butt joint tape together with the
AirShield membrane.
Dimensions: 50 mm x 25 m.
Monobond LT
Double sided adhesive butyl tape
based upon light and highly age
resistant rubber. The tape is used for
the sealing of AirSmart® membranes
against penetrations, corners and wall,
ceiling and floor joints as well as
between membrane and building
elements
Dimensions: 30 mm x 10 mm x 30 m.
AccessoriesAirSmart® Sealant
AirSmart® Sealant is water based and
specially developed for the sealing of
joints between AirSmart® membranes
and building materials such as bricks,
wood, plaster and concrete.
The sealant is applied to one surface in
an 8mm thick bead.
Packaging: 300 ml tube.
Coverage: Approx. 7m.
AirSmart® tapes and sealant for the AirSmart® system
AirSmart® Lap Tape
AirSmart® Detail Tape
AirSmart® Metalised Tape
Monobond LT
AirSmart® Sealant
AirSmart® VCL • • • •
AirShield VCL • • • • •
Tape application
Lap sealing • • •
Butt joints • • •
Details, penetrations • • •
Membrane & wall detail • •
AirSmart® Metalised Tape AirSmart® Detail Tape
AirSmart® Sealant
AirSmart® Lap Tape
Monobond LT
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Icopal MonoSleeve is a five-in-one
sized cable and pipe sleeve accessory
consisting of an EPDM rubber plate
measuring 245 x 245mm with a self
adhesive backing, suitable for cable
and pipes up to Ø180mm.
The MonoSleeve ensures that
penetrations in the AirSmart®
membrane can be made completely
air- tight and avoid weak points in the
system created by cutting for service
penetrations.
Pipe size (in Ø mm)
Pipe size (in Ø mm)
Pre-made substrate size (in Ø mm)
From (mm) To (mm)
16 18 32
41 46 68
65 72 93
90 100 129
135 150 180
Installation instructions
1. Select and cut out the pipe
dimension needed, Remembering
to cut through the backing paper
and ensure the dimension chosen is
10-20% smaller than the actual pipe
size.
Icopal MonoSleeve
2. Pull the Icopal MonoSleeve over
the pipe up against the wall before
removing the split backing paper.
3. Press the MonoSleeve firmly into
place on the underlay ensuring that
a small up-stand forms around the
pipe. For security, a single layer of
Icopal AirSmart® Detail Tape can be
used around the pipe.
4. Installed MonoSleeve
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With MonoSleeve you can make airtight penetrations
of ventilation pipes of up to Ø 180mm.
The AirSmart® system is sealed with Monobond LT
or AirSmart® Sealant to the load bearing beam.
A strip of Xtra Load DPC is placed between the wall
and top rim. The AirSmart® system is then sealed to
the Xtra Load DPC using Monobond LT.
The AirSmart® system is sealed to the brick work
with AirSmart® Sealant or Monobond LT.
Detailing principles Roof Window detail
References
• Building regulations, approved document Part L1A 2010.
• BS 5250:2002: Code of practice for control of condensation in buildings.
• BS EN 13829:2001: Thermal performance of buildings. Determination of air permeability of buildings. Fan pressurization method.
• BS 9250:2007: Code of practice for the design of air tightness of ceilings in pitched roofs.
• The Code for Sustainable Homes (England, Wales).
• BRE IP 4/6 Air tightness of ceilings – energy loss and condensation risk.
• The Code for Sustainable Homes (Scotland), Section 7.
• The Scottish Building Regulations, Section 6.
The AirSmart® Detail Tape is used around windows
between the membrane and window frame to ensure
a perfect airtight seal.
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ICO
2230
Icopal, founded in 1876, operates worldwide and has 35 production
facilities and more than 90 offices in Europe, North America and Asia,
Icopal is Europe’s leading manufacturer of products for the protection and
waterproofing of building constructions, particularly roofing materials and
waterproof membranes.
Inspiration
Motivation
Creation
Icopal Limited Barton Dock Road, Stretford, Manchester M32 0YL ■ Tel +44(0)161 865 4444 ■ Fax +44(0)161 864 2616 ■ Email: info.uk@icopal.com www.icopal.co.uk
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