ausit ethics_tassie
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Some DefinitionsSome Definitions Before WeBefore WeTake OffTake Off
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ETHICSETHICS -- (via Latin(via Latin ethicaethica fromfrom
the Ancient Greekthe Ancient Greek [[] "moral philosophy",] "moral philosophy",from the adjective offrom the adjective of
thosthos "custom, habit"), a major"custom, habit"), a majorbranch of philosophy,branch of philosophy,encompasses right conduct andencompasses right conduct andgood life.good life.
Systematizing, defending, andSystematizing, defending, andrecommendingrecommending concepts of rightconcepts of rightand wrong behaviorand wrong behavior
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More than justMore than just than analyzing right andthan analyzing right andwrong.wrong.
Central issue = "the good life = the lifeCentral issue = "the good life = the lifeworth livingworth living
A life worth living is one that has foundA life worth living is one that has foundthe the greatest good.greatest good.
Main Mantra: Main Mantra: primum non nocereprimum non nocere firstly do no harmfirstly do no harm..
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ETHICS are relative toETHICS are relative to
-- social circumstancessocial circumstances
-- culturescultures-- historical situationshistorical situations
-- personal and religious moral beliefspersonal and religious moral beliefs
-- personal circumstancespersonal circumstances
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Some acts can be ethical but illegal, andSome acts can be ethical but illegal, andothers can be unethical but legal.others can be unethical but legal.
Same applies to morality.Same applies to morality. So what guides us?So what guides us?
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TYPES OF ETHICSTYPES OF ETHICS
MetaethicsMetaethics: where our ethical principles come: where our ethical principles comefrom, and what they mean. Are they merelyfrom, and what they mean. Are they merelysocial inventions?social inventions?
Normative ethicsNormative ethics:: defining moral standards thatdefining moral standards thatregulaterightand wrong conduct. Thismayregulaterightand wrong conduct. Thismayinvolvearticulating the good habitsthatweinvolvearticulating the good habitsthatweshould acquire, the dutiesthatweshould follow,should acquire, the dutiesthatweshould follow,
orthe consequencesofourbehavioron others.orthe consequencesofourbehavioron others. Applied ethicsApplied ethics: examinesspecific controversial: examinesspecific controversial
issues(e.g. abortion, animal rights,issues(e.g. abortion, animal rights,environmental concerns, capital punishment)environmental concerns, capital punishment)
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Ethics or professional conduct?Ethics or professional conduct?
EthicsEthics: Personal? Going further than: Personal? Going further thanstandards? Implicit? Open tostandards? Implicit? Open tomisunderstandingmisunderstanding
Professional conductProfessional conduct: meeting defined: meeting definedstandardsagreed by all partiesin advancestandardsagreed by all partiesin advanceand usually made publicand usually made public
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APPLIED ETHICSAPPLIED ETHICS -- a discipline of philosophy thata discipline of philosophy thatattempts to apply ethical theory to realattempts to apply ethical theory to real--life situations.life situations.
PROFESSIONAL ETHICSPROFESSIONAL ETHICS -- concerns the moral issues thatconcerns the moral issues thatarise because of the specialist knowledge thatarise because of the specialist knowledge thatprofessionals attain, and how the use of this knowledgeprofessionals attain, and how the use of this knowledge
should be governed when providing a service to theshould be governed when providing a service to thepublicpublic
Codes of ConductCodes of Conduct
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AA code of conductcode of conduct is a set ofis a set ofrulesrules outliningoutliningthe responsibilities of or proper practices for anthe responsibilities of or proper practices for anindividual or organization.individual or organization.
Principles,values,standards,orrulesofPrinciples,values,standards,orrulesofbehaviorthatguidethedecisions,proceduresbehaviorthatguidethedecisions,proceduresandsystemsofanorganizationinawaythatandsystemsofanorganizationinawaythat
contributestothe welfareofitskeycontributestothe welfareofitskeystakeholders,andstakeholders,and
(b) respectstherightsofallconstituents(b) respectstherightsofallconstituentsaffectedbyitsoperations.affectedbyitsoperations.
IFA, 2007IFA, 2007
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In the context of a code adopted byIn the context of a code adopted bya profession or by a governmentala profession or by a governmentalor quasior quasi--governmental organ togovernmental organ toregulate that profession, an ethicalregulate that profession, an ethicalcode may be acode may be a code of professionalcode of professionalresponsibilityresponsibility, which may dispense, which may dispense
with difficult issues of whatwith difficult issues of whatbehavior is "ethical".behavior is "ethical".
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promulgated by quasipromulgated by quasi--governmental agencygovernmental agencyresponsible for licensing a profession, withresponsible for licensing a profession, withviolations of these codes subject toviolations of these codes subject toadministrative (e.g. loss of license), civil oradministrative (e.g. loss of license), civil or
penal remedies (eg. Law Society, MIA, AMA)penal remedies (eg. Law Society, MIA, AMA) enforced by the promulgating organizationenforced by the promulgating organization
alone; violations of these codes are usuallyalone; violations of these codes are usuallylimited to loss of membership in thelimited to loss of membership in the
organization (eg. AUSIT)organization (eg. AUSIT) merely advisory and there are no prescribedmerely advisory and there are no prescribed
remedies for violations or even procedures forremedies for violations or even procedures fordetermining whether a violation even occurreddetermining whether a violation even occurred(eg.(eg.
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Professional EthicsProfessional Ethics and Usand Us
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DEFINITION?DEFINITION?
A set of principles to guide you to carry outA set of principles to guide you to carry out
all of your professional duties fully and toall of your professional duties fully and tothe best of your ability.the best of your ability.
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LINGUISTICCOMPETENCE?LINGUISTICCOMPETENCE?
Generally into A languageGenerally into A language Educated native speaker mastery of TLEducated native speaker mastery of TL
(ATA)(ATA)
Advanced & idiomatic command ofAdvanced & idiomatic command oflanguages concerned (IoL)languages concerned (IoL)
Sound knowledge of SL, mastery of TLSound knowledge of SL, mastery of TL
(FIT)(FIT)
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DOINGTHE WORK?DOINGTHE WORK?
Refuse to give text an interpretation ofRefuse to give text an interpretation ofwhich he/she does not approvewhich he/she does not approve
Translation to be faithful and renderTranslation to be faithful and renderexactly the idea and form of the originalexactly the idea and form of the original
Faithful translation should not be confusedFaithful translation should not be confusedwith a literal translation, culturalwith a literal translation, culturaladaptation may be neededadaptation may be needed
(FIT)(FIT)
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WHICH MEANS WHAT?WHICH MEANS WHAT? FaithfulFaithful
Meaning, register, and formMeaning, register, and form
butbut
Not literalNot literal Culturally appropriateCulturally appropriate
High qualityHigh qualitylinguistically/stylisticallylinguistically/stylistically
Because you need toBecause you need to Satisfy needs of end usersSatisfy needs of end users
But not to extent of reinterpretingBut not to extent of reinterpreting
And no alterations, additions, orAnd no alterations, additions, oromissionsomissions
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It is logically impossible to be professionalIt is logically impossible to be professionalin ones work and unethical at the samein ones work and unethical at the sametime.time.
UNETHICAL = UNPROFESSIONALUNETHICAL = UNPROFESSIONAL
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AUSIT CODE OF ETHICS addresses 8AUSIT CODE OF ETHICS addresses 8aspects of our profession:aspects of our profession:
Professional ConductP
rofessional Conduct ConfidentialityConfidentiality
CompetenceCompetence
ImpartialityImpartiality AccuracyAccuracy
EmploymentEmployment
Professional DevelopmentProfessional Development
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BreachingBreaching any of these means youany of these means you
have actedhave acted unethicallyunethically.... but only if you did thatbut only if you did thatpurposefullypurposefully
andand consciouslyconsciously....
Acting ethically takes a lot ofActing ethically takes a lot ofintrospectionintrospection andand truthfulnesstruthfulness withwithoneselfoneself
It is about making theIt is about making theRIGHTRIGHTCHOICESCHOICES RIGHT for all those involvedRIGHT for all those involved
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Behaving ethically can often
mean NOTDOING
SOMETHING.
Conscience is a maturing of
the mind, educated byenvironment, by family, by
professional training and even
to a certain extent by intuition.
If by acting you are offending
your conscience, then ACT
NOT.
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Professionalism is not just about doing
your utmost for the client to the very
best of your learning, experience andtraining. Professionalism is also about
the ability to say no for just ethical
cause. Such professionalism ()
requires not just education and therecognition of your peers in
professional association; it requires
courage born out of experience, and
trust and confidence in ones own
ethical ability to perform or not to
perform, as the case may be, in
accordance with ones own
conscience and principles.
Michael McCann, InfoMarex, Ireland
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In the course of your work as an T/I you
must adhere to various professional
codes of conduct and practices or ethics: Youremployers general code of
professional conduct and practices
Yourjobs code of professional conduct
(if you are a bilingual nurse, physician,
technician, support personnel, etc.).When you are a bilingual staff member,
you are not an interpreter unless you are
in a triadic situation.
Your personalcode of ethics and morals
(religion, beliefs).
TheAUSITcode of professional conduct
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What makes sense for one cultural
group may not for another. Asking
interpreters what a particular rule meansfor them individually and within their
culture will help to clarify the code,
support the interpreters in their efforts to
comply, and adapt the code when it
doesn't work.RCCHC
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A number of interpreterCodes of Ethics is
available for comparison on
http://www.diversityrx.org/HTML/MOIPOV.htm
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Codes of practise can regulate/protect butCodes of practise can regulate/protect butmany translation dilemmas faced regularlymany translation dilemmas faced regularlyin your career wont be covered by thesein your career wont be covered by thesenarrow codes.narrow codes.
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WHAT IS MISSING FROM ALL THIS??WHAT IS MISSING FROM ALL THIS??
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The fact that we are small businesses, notThe fact that we are small businesses, notanyones employees.anyones employees.
No part of the AUSIT Code of EthicsNo part of the AUSIT Code of Ethicstouches on such issues as businesstouches on such issues as businesspractices, advertising and marketing,practices, advertising and marketing,information management or riskinformation management or risk
management.management.
Is it ethical for an ethics promotingIs it ethical for an ethics promotingorganisation to let its members runorganisation to let its members run
businesses without guidance?businesses without guidance?
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WHAT ARE THE ETHICALWHAT ARE THE ETHICALQUESTIONS RELEVANT TOQUESTIONS RELEVANT TOUS TODAY?US TODAY?
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BUSINESS PRACTICEBUSINESS PRACTICE
QualificationsQualifications Confidentiality (consultation, use of information)Confidentiality (consultation, use of information) Payment & referencesPayment & references NonsolicitationNonsolicitation Continuing educationContinuing education Conflict of interestConflict of interest
SubcontractingSubcontracting DeadlinesDeadlines ObjectivityObjectivity Responsibilities to other translatorsResponsibilities to other translators
Encouraging & assisting beginnersEncouraging & assisting beginners
Refraining from unfair competitionRefraining from unfair competition Res ect & su ort fellow rofessionalsRes ect & su ort fellow rofessionals
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So Why ShouldSo Why Should
We, like,CARE??We, like,CARE??
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Acting ethically (therefore professionally)Acting ethically (therefore professionally)pays in the long runpays in the long run (read Efficient(read EfficientEthics handout.)Ethics handout.)
Acting unethically can cause legalActing unethically can cause legalproblems that might not be immediatelyproblems that might not be immediatelyclear.clear.
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Ethical issues affect an interpretersEthical issues affect an interpretersperformance whether he or she is awareperformance whether he or she is awareof it or not.of it or not.
An interpreters ability to do their jobAn interpreters ability to do their jobethically can affect someonesethically can affect someones
health and wellhealth and well--being,being,
their exercise of rights and/or obligations, andtheir exercise of rights and/or obligations, and
their perception of the world around them.their perception of the world around them.
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SKOPOS and translatingSKOPOS and translating
SkoposSkopos theorytheory Drop the idea of fidelityDrop the idea of fidelity
Intended purposeof the target textIntended purposeof the target textdeterminestranslation methods/strategiesdeterminestranslation methods/strategies
Goal is functionally appropriate target textGoal is functionally appropriate target text
Givesthe translator more freedom of actionGivesthe translator more freedom of action
Provides framework for educating clientsProvides framework for educating clients
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Continuum ofChoicesContinuum ofChoices
Literal FreeLiteral Free
Semantic DynamicSemantic Dynamic
DocumentaryDocumentary
InstrumentalInstrumental
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BUT!!!!!BUT!!!!!
ThisThisdependson the translator receivingdependson the translator receivingtranslation instructionswith cleartranslation instructionswith clearstatement of purposestatement of purpose
Assumes that translator isviewed asanAssumes that translator isviewed asanindependent expertindependent expert
May lead to ethicallyproblematicMay lead to ethicallyproblematicsituations (WHY??)situations (WHY??)
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DIFFERENTLY?DIFFERENTLY?
Always work to create trustAlways work to create trust Bad translation is unethical translationBad translation is unethical translation
Keep your source language grammar toKeep your source language grammar to
yourselfyourself Know the linguistic resources available inKnow the linguistic resources available in
your languagesyour languages
Be aware of various translation strategiesBe aware of various translation strategies
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Case StudiesCase Studies
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HOW?HOW?
All based on practising translatorsAll based on practising translatorsscenariosscenarios
Notgiving the answers but raising ethicalNotgiving the answers but raising ethical
questionsquestions How mightHow mightyouyou respond?respond?
How would you justifyyour decision (to aHow would you justifyyour decision (to aclient, to other translators, to a jury, to aclient, to other translators, to a jury, to a
friend, to yourself)?friend, to yourself)?
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As a translator you are offered a manual toAs a translator you are offered a manual totranslate. Theclient is a welltranslate. Theclient is a well--know internationalknow internationalagency, they pay well and the deadlines areagency, they pay well and the deadlines are
reasonable. The brief says the manual is relatedreasonable. The brief says the manual is relatedto military matters, in which you are a specialist.to military matters, in which you are a specialist.
You agree. The manual arrives and you discoverYou agree. The manual arrives and you discoverthat ithas to do with the building of a nuclearthat ithas to do with the building of a nuclear
weapons plant in a country currently showing allweapons plant in a country currently showing allsigns of aggression towards its neighbours..signs of aggression towards its neighbours..What would you do?What would you do?
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How Do ICharge?How Do ICharge?
Why is this an ethics question?Why is this an ethics question? Can billing be unethical?Can billing be unethical?
Same rate for every jobSame rate for every job
ClientClient--dependentdependent ExperienceExperience--dependentdependent
STST--dependentdependent
TimeTime--dependentdependent
Colleague/IndustryColleague/Industry--dependentdependent
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Only when youre too busy to take onOnly when youre too busy to take onmoremore
ExperienceExperience--dependentdependent STST--dependentdependent
ClientClient--dependentdependent
When Do I refuse work?When Do I refuse work?
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Who owns translation?Who owns translation?
a)a) Whoever pays for itWhoever pays for it
b)b) Whoever manages the translation jobWhoever manages the translation job
c)c) The translator(s)The translator(s)d)d) The ST author(s)The ST author(s)
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Limits of confidentialityLimits of confidentiality
a)a) As defined in theclients contract/jobAs defined in theclients contract/jobspecspec
b)b) STST--dependentdependentc)c) Follow codes of professionalFollow codes of professional
conduct/agency rulesconduct/agency rules
d)d) NoneNone
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Translation choices during theTranslation choices during the
translation task?translation task?
Maintain sense or style?Maintain sense or style?
Sacrificecontent/change emphasisSacrificecontent/change emphasis
where unavoidablewhere unavoidable STST--dependentdependent
ClientClient--dependentdependent
EndEnd--user/Audienceuser/Audience--dependentdependent
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COMMON SCENARIOS?COMMON SCENARIOS?
How to respond when a client treats youHow to respond when a client treats youbadly?badly?
Responsibilities to translator colleaguesResponsibilities to translator colleagues when revising?when revising?
duty to profession?duty to profession?
duty to colleagues?duty to colleagues?
duty to client/endduty to client/end--user?user?
How to respond to poor translations?How to respond to poor translations?
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You are interpreting at a news conferenceYou are interpreting at a news conferencefor a high ranking politician from countryfor a high ranking politician from countryX, who is visiting country Y. During theX, who is visiting country Y. During theconference the politician says thatconference the politician says thatparticular minority in his country is full ofparticular minority in his country is full ofscum and should be all deported backscum and should be all deported back
home. What do you do?home. What do you do?
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A translator is hired by a man
who suspected that his wife
was unfaithful and married himonly to get an Australian Visa.
He had with him photocopied
pages from her diary.T
hereading of the diary incidentally
confirmed the devastated
man's suspicions. Should the
translator accept this job?
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You are interpreting in a court
setting for the defendant in acriminal case.During the
recess, the defendant confides
that he did commit the crimeand intends to take the stand
and lie about it. What do you
do?
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You are interpreting in a
hospital.The patient tells thedoctor everything is hanky
dory, but after you both come
out of the clinic, he confides inyou that he is seriously thinking
of taking his life. What do you
do?
Your association for the Hearing Impaired decides on the
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g p
following Code ofConduct. See if you can help set it
right:
At the start of all meetings, workshops, or conferences,
always start the ball rolling by telling a funny joke orstory.
If the deaf person takes a long time to answer a
question, or seems unsure of what to say, don't let
them flounder -- help the deaf people out by providing
any information you may have related to the topic.If
you are unfamiliar with the topic, make up an answer.Remember, awkward and halting conversation can't
lead to successful communication.
Always offer (or interject) your personal opinion.
Make sure that you're always the center of attention.If
the audience is focusing on the hearing speaker, stand
up, dance around, or make wierd facial expressions. Always wear the current fashion styles (bright colors
and checkerboard prints are best.)
Before, after, and during breaks give brief lectures on
deafness, how you became involved in interpreting,
and highlights of your childhood.
If you become drowsy during an interpreting
assignment, take a nap for 15-20 minutes.
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THANK YOU!
HOL
DO
N,D
ON
T
FALL OFF.
ITIS UNETHICAL FOR OTHERS TO PRESENT
THIS WORKSHOP AS IF IT WAS THEIRS
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