behaviorism in

Behaviorism inEducation

Instructional Objectives:

1.Understand the difference between operant & classical conditioning

2.Be able to identify the differences between negative and positive

reinforcement

3.Be able to apply the principles of behaviorist theory to the classroom

Goals

The purpose here is to view the things that organisms

do as part of their behavior. Actually the main goal is

to identify the complex mechanisms that guide a

behavior.

Definition

Behaviorism is a learning theory that only focuses on

objectively observable behaviors and discounts any independent

activities of the mind. Behavior theorists define learning as

nothing more than the acquisition of new behavior based on

environmental conditions.

Classical conditioning Operant conditioning

Involuntary Behaviors A form of learning in which

A new, involuntary response a response increases in

is acquired as a result of frequency as a result

two stimuli being of being followed by

presented at the same time reinforcement or punishment

Two Types of Learning

SOUR JUICE CAN DISH RUG SMOKE GREASE

DISH KEEP HEAD HAND TEN DICE PHONE

DISH EYE FRANCE ICE FRIEND CLAP BILL

DISH LAST MIND PARK WORD CAN DISH CAN

BUT DISH PHONE CAN MARK FIRST CAN

CRAB BEAT CAN TOP PHONE CAN THEN

DAY CAN RAIN DISH CAN CLUB DRESS SOFT

DISH CAN FALL CALL STAB CAN DISH

PHONE WORD CAN CRAB MARK BILL CAN

DISH RUG DRESS CAN GREASE CLUB CAN

MIND PARK PHONE CAN KEEP ICE FRIEND

CAN KEEP PHONE DISH CAN FRIEND HAND

Classical Conditioning

Classical conditioning deals with reflexes,

or responses that are evoked from a specific stimulus. People can be

trained to perform a certain task or response by providing some sort of

trigger, which may be a sound, picture, phrase, etc.

When you see these: What do you think of?

Classical Conditioning (Pavlov)

(US) Unconditioned Stimulus

(UR) Unconditioned Response

(NS) Neutral Stimulus

(CS) Conditioned Stimulus

(CR) Conditioned Response

Ivan Pavlov

Pavlov presented food to dogs The dogs’ mouths water

Pavlov rang bell The dogs’ mouths did not water

Pavlov presented food to dogs and rang bell Dogs’ mouths water

Pavlov rang bell without food present Dogs’ mouths water

Classical Conditioning in Edu.

If the teacher is consistent and repetitive with

the stimuli, eventually the students will come

to learn to behave properly through classical

conditioning. Look at this example:

  If the teacher… Then the students…

Before conditioning Counts down from twenty

Tells the class to ask questions

Will not ask questions

Will ask questions

During conditioning Tells the class to ask questions and

counts down from twenty

Will ask questions

After conditioning Counts down from twenty Will ask questions

The students’ behavior has been conditioned!

Operant Conditioning

A form of learning in which a response increases in frequency as a result of being followed byreinforcement or punishment

1. Behavior 2. stimuli 3. response changes a behavior

Operant Conditioning in Edu.

Helping behavioramong peers Behavior helping other student Stimulus Teacher praise ResponseHelping behaviorchanges

Principles of Reinforcement

A reinforcer is any event that strengthens the behavior it follows.

Positive : a stimulus that strengthens an operant response when it is presented after the response.

Negative : a stimulus that strengthens an operant response when it is taken away after the response.

Punishmenta stimulus that weakens the operant response it follows.

Positive: a stimulus that weakens an operant response when it is presented after the response

Negative: a stimulus that weakens an operant response when it is taken away after the response

Punishment

Education example

Behavior cheating on a testStimulus a failing gradeResponse decrease of cheating behavior

Ineffective Forms of Punishment for Teachers ( Research Results)

Physical punishment

psychological punishment

Extra class work/homework

Effective Forms of Punishment( Research Results)

Verbal recommends

Time out

In-school suspension

Summary

What we did cover

Operant vs. Classical Conditioning

Reinforcement & Punishment

- Positive and negative

Application to the classroom

Presented by

Maryam Eskandarjouy

Contact: mehraboonn_a192yahoo.com

Thank You