bob blonski irr presentation crrc_ferro

CRRCFebruary 10, 2004

How Color Pigments Can Save EnergyHow Color Pigments Can Save Energy

Robert P. Blonski Ph.D.

Ferro CorporationPerformance Pigments and Colors

Cleveland, Ohio 44105

The Importance of a Pigments Properties Outside of the Visible

CRRCFebruary 10, 2004

LBL

CRRCFebruary 10, 2004

CRRCFebruary 10, 2004

Top of Colorant Layer

Elementary Layer of Thickness dx

Backing of Reflectance Rg

x

Kubelka-Munk Formalism

K=Absorption CoefficientS=Scattering Coefficient

Change inUpward Flux: dj = -(S+K)jdx + Sidx

Downward Flux: di = -(S+K)idx + Sjdx

CRRCFebruary 10, 2004

Kubelka-Munk FormalismK=Absorption CoefficientS=Scattering CoefficientR=Reflectance

For Opaque Sample

K (1-R)S 2R

2=

CRRCFebruary 10, 2004

K=Absorption CoefficientS=Scattering CoefficientR=Reflectance

2K (1-R)S 2R

=

CRRCFebruary 10, 2004

Kubelka-Munk FormalismK=Absorption CoefficientS=Scattering CoefficientC=Concentration

K KS

CC

i

i

i

i

Total

STotal= i

i

= (1-R)2R

2

For a Multi-Component System

CRRCFebruary 10, 2004

Examples of Increasing Infrared Reflectance

By Modifying Scattering (S)

By Modifying Absorption (K)

Fire-Retardant White Paint

Infrared Reflecting Porcelain Enamel forHalogen Lamp Cooking

CRRCFebruary 10, 2004

Bohren & Huffman, 1983

Mie Scattering Theory

Extinction Cross Sectionversus

Size Parameter =

2*pi*Radius/Wavelength

CRRCFebruary 10, 2004

Rutile Scattering Cross-section

CRRCFebruary 10, 2004

Rutile Scattering Cross-section

CRRCFebruary 10, 2004

Reflectance of Rutile Pigments

Radiation from wood fire~ 1500º K black body

CRRCFebruary 10, 2004

At RiskSubstrate

0.2 µm TiO2 Particle Pigment

1.5 µm TiO2 Particle Pigment

1500° KBlackbody

Flame

70% Absorbed30% Reflected

30% Absorbed70% Reflected

}

}

TypicalWhitePaint

Fire-RetardantWhite Paint

“Shedding Light on Firefighting”Photonics Spectra, Dec. 1995

CRRCFebruary 10, 2004

Cooking with Light

Hybrid MicrowaveInfrared Ovens

Microwave +Tungsten Halogen

Lamps

CRRCFebruary 10, 2004

0

20

40

60

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100

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Wavelength (nm)

% R

efle

ctan

ceTypical White Porcelain Enamel

CRRCFebruary 10, 2004

Titanium Opacified Porcelain Enamel

Glass with a high titania concentration is smelted at a high temperature

The glass is ground to form a frit powder

The frit is applied to substrate and fired

Titania precipitates from frit during firing

CRRCFebruary 10, 2004

For example: Fe+2 strongly absorbs infraredradiation while Fe+3 and Fe+4

do not

In general: oxidized = “lighter”reduced = “darker”

CRRCFebruary 10, 2004

0

20

40

60

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100

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Wavelength (nm)

% R

efle

ctan

ce

High IR Reflecting

Infrared Reflecting Porcelain Enamel

CRRCFebruary 10, 2004

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100

250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000 2250 2500Wavelength (nm)

Ener

gy

UV VIS IR3% 40% 57%

Solar Spectrum

CRRCFebruary 10, 2004

White Porcelain Enamel

0

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Wavelength (nm)

% R

efle

ctan

ce

0

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Wavelength (nm)

% R

efle

ctan

ce

High IR ReflectingNormal

Solar Reflectance = 80.4 Solar Reflectance = 89.9

Normal Infrared Reflecting

CRRCFebruary 10, 2004

CamouflageWoodland

ArcticDesertUrban

CRRCFebruary 10, 2004

Conventional Photographic Film

CRRCFebruary 10, 2004

Infrared Film

CRRCFebruary 10, 2004

Conventional Film Infrared Film

CRRCFebruary 10, 2004

0

10

20

3040

50

60

70

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Wavelength (nm)

% R

efle

ctan

ce

Buckeye Leaf

CRRCFebruary 10, 2004

Conventional Cobalt Bearing SpinelCamouflage Pigment

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Wavelength (nm)

% R

efle

ctan

ce

Conventional

CobaltAbsorption

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Wavelength (nm)

% R

efle

ctan

ce

Conventional Cobalt FreeCamouflage Pigments

CobaltAbsorption

Solar Reflectance=43%

Solar Reflectance=26%

CRRCFebruary 10, 2004

Ultralight Camouflage Netting System(ULCANS)

CRRCFebruary 10, 2004

Arctic Camouflage

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Wavelength (nm)

% R

efle

ctan

ce

Titania

CRRCFebruary 10, 2004

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Wavelength (nm)

% R

efle

ctan

ceZirconia

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0

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Wavelength (nm)

% R

efle

ctan

ce

Titania Zirconia

CRRCFebruary 10, 2004

0

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Wavelength (nm)

% R

efle

ctan

ce

Normal High IR Reflecting

Infrared Reflecting Porcelain Enamel

0

20

40

60

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Wavelength (nm)

% R

efle

ctan

ce

Titania Zirconia

Arctic Camouflage

Whites

CRRCFebruary 10, 2004

Insect VisionSensitive to Blue and near-UV

“Dark”“Bright”

CRRCFebruary 10, 2004

Zircon Praseodymium Yellow

0

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40

60

80

100

250 350 450 550 650 750 850 950 1050 1150 1250 1350 1450

Wavelength (nm)

CRRCFebruary 10, 2004

0

10

20

30

40

50

400 450 500 550 600 650 700

Wavelength (nm)

% R

efle

ctan

ce

IR Reflecting Normal IR Absorbing

Three Black Inorganic Pigments

CRRCFebruary 10, 2004

0

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40

60

80

100

250 750 1250 1750 2250

Wavelength (nm)

% R

efle

ctan

ce

IR Reflecting Normal IR Absorbing

Three Black Inorganic PigmentsSolar

Reflectance

25%

12%

5%

CRRCFebruary 10, 2004

+b(Yellow)

+a (Red)-b

(Blue)

(Green) -a

L= 100= White

L= 0 = Black

ColorValues

CIELAB

CRRCFebruary 10, 2004

0

1 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

5 0

4 0 0 4 4 0 4 8 0 5 2 0 5 6 0 6 0 0 6 4 0 6 8 0

Wa v e l e n g t h ( n m )

x

EyeSensitivity

Curve

X X d=400nm

=700nm

Illuminant ReflectanceCurve

0

1 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

5 0

6 0

7 0

4 0 0 4 4 0 4 8 0 5 2 0 5 6 0 6 0 0 6 4 0 6 8 0

W a v e l e n g t h ( n m )

0

5 0

1 0 0

1 5 0

2 0 0

2 5 0

4 0 0 4 4 0 4 8 0 5 2 0 5 6 0 6 0 0 6 4 0 6 8 0

W a v e l e n g t h ( n m )

A

Calculate Color CoordinatesY, x, z

For example: x =

CRRCFebruary 10, 2004

Calculate Color ValuesCIE 1976 L*a*b*

a* = 500 [ (x/xN)1/3 – (y/yN)1/3 ]

b* = 200 [ (y/yN)1/3 – (z/zN)1/3 ]

L* = 116 [ (y/yN)1/3 - 16

CRRCFebruary 10, 2004

Solar Reflectance of Gray ScalePVDF Coating: Titania + Black Pigment

0

20

40

60

80

100

20 40 60 80 100

L*

Sola

r Ref

lect

ance

Normal Black _____PB-28

IRR Black _____PG-17

Black White

CRRCFebruary 10, 2004

Solar Reflectance=25% Solar Reflectance=40%

L* = 57 L* = 72

L* = 30 L* = 61

Normal BlackPB-28

IRR BlackPG-17

CRRCFebruary 10, 2004

A solar reflectance specification effectivelyfixes how visibly “dark” a surface can be.

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Ener

gy

UV3%

Vis40%

IR57%

CRRCFebruary 10, 2004

“Cool Colors” Reflect SolarRadiation

Emit ThermalRadiation

Passive SolarHeating

Absorb SolarRadiation Emit Thermal

Radiation

Do Not

CRRCFebruary 10, 2004

Optimization of Solar-Selective Paint Coatings

Final Report- June 1982M.A. McChesney, P. B. Zimmer, and R.J.H. Lin

NTIS DE83001278

The Solar Heating and Cooling Development BranchOffice of Conservation and Solar Applications

United States Department of Energy

Do You Remember “The Energy Crisis”?

CRRCFebruary 10, 2004

Infrared Absorbing Pigment

Nanosized 30-200 nmCu, Mn, Fe containing Spinel

“C.I. Pigment Black 26”

100 nm

CRRCFebruary 10, 2004

Thickness-Sensitive Selective Paint

Thickness-Insensitive Selective Paint

Metallic Base Coat

Pigmented CoatingOver Metallic Base

Pigment + Aluminum FlakeCoating Over Arbitrary Base

Arbitrary Base Coat

AluminumFlakes

Solar Absorption = 90%

Solar Absorption = 89%

Thermal Emmisivity = 7%

Thermal Emmisivity = 31%

CRRCFebruary 10, 2004

Silver Coated HollowGlass Sphere

Infrared Reflective Visually ColoredMetallic Compositions

Spectro Dynamic Systems, LLCUS Patent 6,468,647

October 22, 2002

Same Nanosized InfraredAbsorbing Black Pigment CoatedOnto Silver Coated Hollow Glass

Spheres

CRRCFebruary 10, 2004

ElectromagneticRadiation

CommercialPigments

MilitaryPigments

UV

Visible

Near-IR

Far-IR

200 nm

400 nm

700 nm

2,500 nm

15,000 nm

Weathering

Color

HeatBuild-up

HeatRadiation

FullSpectrum

Specifications

The Importance of a Pigments Properties Outside of the Visible

CRRCFebruary 10, 2004

How Color Pigments Can Save EnergyHow Color Pigments Can Save Energy

Robert P. Blonski Ph.D.

Ferro CorporationPerformance Pigments and Colors

Cleveland, Ohio 44105

The Importance of a Pigments Properties Outside of the Visible