carbon compond ppt

8/13/2019 Carbon Compond Ppt

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CARBON COMPOUNDS

1. Carbon compound is a compound comprising

carbon elements.

2. A carbon compound can be classified as:

• Organic carbon compound

• Inorganic carbon compound

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3. Organic compounds are carbon compounds

that are obtained from living things such as

sugar, starch, protein, vitamin, enzyme etc. theyare obtained from plants and animals.

4. Inorganic compounds are carbon compounds

that are usually do not contain carbon to carbon

bonds such as carbon dioxide (CO2), calcium

carbonate (CaCO3) etc.

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5. Most organic compounds contain the element

carbon and hydrogen.

6. Complete combustion of organic compounds

produces carbon dioxide and water.

7. Incomplete combustion of organic compound

produces mixture of carbon, C, carbon

monoxide, CO or CO2 and water.

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HYDROCARBONS

1. Hydrocarbons are organic compounds that contain onlycarbon, C and hydrogen, H.

2. Hydrocarbons are classified into two groups:

saturated hydrocarbons

*contain only single covalent bond between carbon atoms.

example of structural formula.

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unsaturated hydrocarbons

* contain at least one double or triple covalent

bond between carbon atoms.

• example of structural formula.

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NON-HYDROCARBONS 

• organic compounds that contain other elements

(oxygen, nitrogen, iodine, phosphorus)

• Eg: ALCOHOL

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SOURCES OF HYDROCARBON:

Petroleum  – naturally occuring sources of hydrocarbon.It is a complex mixture hydrocarbons. These compounds

can be separated by using fractional distillation.

• < 35°C – petroleum gas

• 35°C – 75°C – Petrol (gasoline)

• 75°C – 170°C – Naphtha

• 170°C – 230°C – Kerosene

• 230°C – 250°C – Diesel

•

250°C – 300°C – Lubricating oil• 300°C – 350°C – Fuel oil

• > 350°C – Bitumen

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ALKANES•

GENERAL FORMULA•MOLECULAR FORMULA

•STRUCTURAL FORMULA

•NAME OF EACH MEMBER

•PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

•CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

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4CH 

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62 H C 

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83 H C 

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104 H C 

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125 H C 

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146 H C 

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167 H C 

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188 H C 

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209 H C 

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2210 H C 

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Naming alkanes

• Identify the stem

• Identify the branch (if any)

• Put numbering on the main chain

• Name the branch first, then the stem

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 Number of carbon atoms  Root name 

1  meth- 

2  eth- 

3  prop- 

4  but- 

5  pent- 

6  hex- 

7  hept- 

8  oct- 9  non- 

10  dec- 

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Homologous

series 

Functional group  Suffix 

Alkane  - C –  C -  -ane 

Alkene  - C = C -  -ene 

Alcohol   –  OH  -ol 

Carboxylic acid  – 

 COOH  -oic Ester   –  COO –   -oate 

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1 2 3

propane

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1 2 3 4

butane

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1 2 3 4 5

pentane

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Steps to name branched alkanes;

i. determined and named the long chains

ii. determined and named the branch chain

Branch name 

CH3 -methyl 

C2H5 -ethyl 

C3H7 -propyl 

C4H9 -butyl 

C5H11 -pentyl 

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• -give number to the carbon atoms in long chain,

which started from the nearest branched

• -The number for carbon atom which branched

emerged from, must put before/infront the alkyl

• -Named the branched first, followed by the

named of long chains

• -The word “ di, tri” is used if the branched chainsis more than one

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12345

2- methylpentane

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1 2 3 4 5

2,4- dimethylpentane

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ALKANES

•PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

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ALKANES•CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

COMBUSTION

SUBSTITUTION REACTION

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SUBSTITUTION REACTION

Example:

Reaction of methane with chlorine

in the presence of UV

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H

C

H

HH Cl Cl

H

C

H

HH Cl Cl

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Cl ClHC

H

H

Cl

H ClC

H

H Cl

Cl

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Cl Cl

H Cl

C H

H

Cl

Cl

C

H

Cl

Cl

Cl

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Cl Cl

H Cl

C HCl

Cl

Cl

C Cl

Cl

Cl

Cl

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Equation

Step 1

CH4 + Cl2 ---------> CH3Cl + HCl

step 2

CH3Cl + Cl2 -------> CH2Cl2 + HCl

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Equation

Step 3

CH2Cl2 + Cl2 ---------> CHCl3 + HCl

step 4

CHCl3 + Cl2 -------> CCl4 + HCl

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ALKANES

•CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

COMBUSTION

Example :

Methane burns

in excess air

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C

H

H

H

H

O O

O O

C OOH H

O

H H

O

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equation

O H COOCH 2224

  22  

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