cell parts. animal cells plant cells organelle a specialized subunit within a cell that has a...

CELL PARTS

ANIMAL CELLS

PLANT CELLS

ORGANELLE

• A specialized subunit within a cell that has a specific function.

• The name organelle comes from the idea that these structures are to cells what an organ is to the body.

CYTOPLASM

• Both plant/animal

• Clear, thick, jellylike material

• Supports/protects cell organelles

NUCLEUS

• Both plant/animal

• Large, oval

• Controls cell activities

NUCLEOLUS

• Both plant/animal

• The nucleolus is a knot of chromatin– Chromatin is DNA in its

active form – Made of protein and

nucleic acids

• Site where ribosomes are made

NUCLEAR MEMBRANE

• Both plant/animal

• Surrounds nucleus• Selectively

permeable

• Controls movement of materials in/out of nucleus

CHROMOSOMES• Both plant/animal

• An organized structure of DNA and protein

• Single piece of coiled DNA containing many genes

• Controls activities of

the cell• Pass on

traits/blueprint for life

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

• Both plant/animal

• Network of tubes or membranes

• Carries materials through cell

• Internal delivery system

RIBOSOMES

• Both plant/animal

• Small bodies free or attached to E.R.

• Produce proteins

MITOCHONDRIA

• Both plant/animal

• Bean-shaped with inner membranes

• Breaks down sugar molecules into energy– ATP

VACUOLE

• Plant – few/large• Animal – small

• Fluid-filled sacs

• Store food, water, waste (plants need to store large amounts of food)

CELL MEMBRANE• Both plant/animal

• Plant – inside cell wall• Animal – outer layer; cholesterol• Selectively permeable

• Support and protection• Controls movement of materials

in/out of cell• Barrier between cell and its

environment• Maintains homeostasis

• AKA – plasma membrane

CELL WALL

• Plant, not animal

• Outer layer• Rigid, strong, stiff• Made of cellulose

• Support (grow tall)• Protection• Allows H2O, O2, CO2

to pass into and out of cell

CHLOROPLASTS

• Plant, not animal

• Green, oval usually containing chlorophyll (green pigment)

• Uses energy from sun to make food for the plant (photosynthesis)

LYSOSOMES

• Plant – uncommon• Animal – common

• Small, round, with a membrane

• Breaks down larger food molecules into smaller molecules

• Digests old cell parts

CENTRIOLES

• Animal, not plant

• The walls of each centriole are usually composed of nine triplets of microtubules (protein of the cytoskeleton).

• Play a role in cell division

STRUCTURE & FUNCTION

• Organelles are small structures within cells that perform dedicated functions.

• As the name implies, you can think of organelles as small organs.

• These organelles allow the cell to function properly.

• The function of each organelle is directly related to its structure.