cell parts. animal cells plant cells organelle a specialized subunit within a cell that has a...
TRANSCRIPT
CELL PARTS
ANIMAL CELLS
PLANT CELLS
ORGANELLE
• A specialized subunit within a cell that has a specific function.
• The name organelle comes from the idea that these structures are to cells what an organ is to the body.
CYTOPLASM
• Both plant/animal
• Clear, thick, jellylike material
• Supports/protects cell organelles
NUCLEUS
• Both plant/animal
• Large, oval
• Controls cell activities
NUCLEOLUS
• Both plant/animal
• The nucleolus is a knot of chromatin– Chromatin is DNA in its
active form – Made of protein and
nucleic acids
• Site where ribosomes are made
NUCLEAR MEMBRANE
• Both plant/animal
• Surrounds nucleus• Selectively
permeable
• Controls movement of materials in/out of nucleus
CHROMOSOMES• Both plant/animal
• An organized structure of DNA and protein
• Single piece of coiled DNA containing many genes
• Controls activities of
the cell• Pass on
traits/blueprint for life
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
• Both plant/animal
• Network of tubes or membranes
• Carries materials through cell
• Internal delivery system
RIBOSOMES
• Both plant/animal
• Small bodies free or attached to E.R.
• Produce proteins
MITOCHONDRIA
• Both plant/animal
• Bean-shaped with inner membranes
• Breaks down sugar molecules into energy– ATP
VACUOLE
• Plant – few/large• Animal – small
• Fluid-filled sacs
• Store food, water, waste (plants need to store large amounts of food)
CELL MEMBRANE• Both plant/animal
• Plant – inside cell wall• Animal – outer layer; cholesterol• Selectively permeable
• Support and protection• Controls movement of materials
in/out of cell• Barrier between cell and its
environment• Maintains homeostasis
• AKA – plasma membrane
CELL WALL
• Plant, not animal
• Outer layer• Rigid, strong, stiff• Made of cellulose
• Support (grow tall)• Protection• Allows H2O, O2, CO2
to pass into and out of cell
CHLOROPLASTS
• Plant, not animal
• Green, oval usually containing chlorophyll (green pigment)
• Uses energy from sun to make food for the plant (photosynthesis)
LYSOSOMES
• Plant – uncommon• Animal – common
• Small, round, with a membrane
• Breaks down larger food molecules into smaller molecules
• Digests old cell parts
CENTRIOLES
• Animal, not plant
• The walls of each centriole are usually composed of nine triplets of microtubules (protein of the cytoskeleton).
• Play a role in cell division
STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
• Organelles are small structures within cells that perform dedicated functions.
• As the name implies, you can think of organelles as small organs.
• These organelles allow the cell to function properly.
• The function of each organelle is directly related to its structure.