ch 22.1 aftermath of wwii

CHAPTER 22

Section 1: Aftermath of War in Europe

Section 2: Origins of the Cold War

Europe and North America in the Postwar Years

SECTION 1

Aftermath of War in Europe

Yalta Conference

Allied Control Council

United Nations

ensure lasting peace, decide how to deal with defeated nations

to oversee temporary German government

to prevent another war

Purpose Result

Bell Ringer 22.1:What were the purposes and results of the wartime conferences?

SECTION 1

Aftermath of War in Europe

At the end of WWII, the Allied nations had trouble determining how to keep

peace in Europe.

SECTION 1

Aftermath of War in Europe

Victory over the Axis powers brought on a whole new set of

problems.

To some degree, these problems were the result of decisions they had made

during the war.

SECTION 1

Aftermath of War in Europe

1943 – The “Big Three” met in Tehran, Iran

… decided to defeat Germany ontwo fronts – Western Allies wouldattack from the west while Sovietforces would attack from the east.

SECTION 1

Aftermath of War in Europe

Division & Occupation of GermanyCity of Berlin

SECTION 1

Aftermath of War in Europe

• Poland?– Churchill & Roosevelt believed they should determine

their own futures – Stalin promised to allow free elections …..hmmmmm

• Eastern European gov’ts– Stalin wanted friendly gov’t under SOVIET control

• How to prevent future war– They argued over sphere of influence

– United Nations organization through collective security arrangements

Political Cartoon

Aftermath of War in Europe

SECTION 1

Aftermath of War in EuropeDecisions made at Potsdam

• Germany should remain a single country, although it would be divided for the time being.

• Germany must be demilitarized.

• Nazi Party outlawed.• Gov’t rebuilt on a democratic

basis.• War crimes trials would be

held.

SECTION 1

Aftermath of War in EuropeDemilitarization & Reparations

• Disbanded all German land, air, and sea forces

• All war industries to be dismantled.

• German economic recovery? Very different views ….

SECTION 1

Aftermath of War in EuropeNuremberg Trials

• 1945-46• Special international

court• Charged 22 Nazi

leaders with crimes against humanity

SECTION 1

Aftermath of War in Europe

Oct 1945 charter ratified to establish the United Nations (UN).

Primary purpose = maintain international peace and security

Also designed to foster cooperation to solve cultural, economic, and social problems.

Former First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt would be instrumental in persuading Americans of the importance of the UN.

SECTION 1

Aftermath of War in Europe

SECTION 1

Aftermath of War in Europe

Each permanent memberof the Security Council

can prevent action by usingits veto power.

SECTION 1

Aftermath of War in Europe

The war destroyed many European governments . . . Changes were happening.

Italy abolishes theirmonarchy and

becomes arepublic!

France has a newconstitution in

1946.

Soviet Union establishes

communist govtsin Eastern Europe.

Soviet Union establishes

communist govtsin Eastern Europe.

SECTION 1

Aftermath of War in Europe

Peace would not be easy.• The Allies could not reach agreements.• Austria is restored in 1955 but must agree

to remain neutral.• In the case of Germany, the Allies never

reached a final settlement.• Germany would be formally divided into

West and East Germany – two separate countries.

CHAPTER 22