chapter 1.2 matter and its properties

Matter and it’s PropertiesObjectives:

1. Distinguish between the physical properties and chemical properties of matter.

2. Classify changes of matter as physical and chemical.

3. Explain the gas, liquid, and solid states in terms of particles.

4. Distinguish between a mixture and a pure substance.

Matter and Its Properties

Matter – anything that has mass and takes up space

Mass – measure of amount of matter Volume – amount of space and object

takes up Properties – describe matter

Basic building blocks of matter

Atom – smallest unit of an element that maintains properties of that element Ex: C, H, Al

Element – pure substance made of only on kind of atom Ex: C, H, Al

Compound – substance that is made from the atoms of two or more elements that are chemically bonded. Ex: CO2, H2O, C6H12O6

Properties and Changes in matter

Properties distinguish between substances and separate them

Can reveal identity of unknown substance Extensive property – depend on the

amount of matter that is present Ex: volume/mass

Intensive property – do not depend on the amount of matter present Ex: melting point, density, ability to conduct electricity

Physical properties and changes

Physical property – characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance.

Example : melting point, boiling point, melt, freeze, torn.

Physical Change – change in substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance

Examples: grinding, cutting, melting, boiling

Changes of state Solid – definite volume and shape

Held close together by strong attractive forces

Packed together in fixed position,

Particles of solids are:

Only movement is vibration

Changes of state Liquid – definite volume and no definite

shape Particles of Liquids are:

Close together but can move past one another

Move more rapidly than those of a solid Gives the ability to flow

Changes of state Gas – no definite volume nor shape

Particles of gases are:

Very far apart from one another Move very fast

Visual of all phases of matter

Changes of state Plasma – High temperature physical state of

matter in which atoms lose their electrons Plasma is found in fluorescent bulbs

Chemical Properties and Changes

Chemical Property – substances ability to undergo changes that transform it into different substances.

Examples: ability of charcoal to burn in air, iron to rust, etc. Chemical Change – change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances

Chemical Reaction

Reactants – substances that react in a chemical change

Products – substances that are formed in a chemical change

+

sodium metal chlorine gas table salt

Sodium Chlorine Sodium Chloride

Classification of matterMatter

Can it be separated

MixturesPure

substances

Is the composition

uniform

Can it be decomposed by chemical means

Heterogeneous (granite, blood)

Homogeneous (air, sugar in

water)

Compounds (water, sodium

chloride)

Elements (gold,

aluminum, Oxygen)

Yes

Yes

NoYesNo

No

Classification of matter

Mixture – blend of two or more kinds of matter, each of which retains it own identity and properties. Homogeneous – (solutions) uniform

throughout Heterogeneous – Not uniform throughou

Ways to separate: Filtration, evaporation, chromatography, distillation)

Pure substances

Has a fixed composition and differs from a mixture in the following ways: Every sample of a given pure substance has

exactly the same characteristic properties

Every sample of a given pure substance has exactly the same composition