christine arlyn a. laurie - znnhs
Post on 12-May-2022
6 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
(SUPPORT MATERIAL FOR INDEPENDENT LEARNING ENGAGEMENT) A Joint Project of
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF DIPOLOG CITY and the
DIPOLOG CITY GOVERNMENT
Completing An Analogy Quarter 1 - Module 1 - Week 1
CHRISTINE ARLYN A. LAURIE
English-Grade 7 Support Material for Independent Learning Engagement
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Completing An Analogy
First Edition, 2020
Printed in the Philippines by the Department of Education – Region IX- Dipolog City Schools Division
Office Address: Purok Farmers, Olingan, Dipolog City
Development Team of the Module
Authors: Christine Arlyn A. Laurie Editor: Luz D. Cortez Josephine M. Cuenca
Ermelyn M. Yap Reviewers: Elma S. Quimpo
Illustrator: Layout Artist:
Management Team: Dr. Virgilio P. Batan, Jr. - Schools Division Superintendent Dr. Jay S. Montealto, – Asst. Schools Division Superintendent
Amelinda D. Montero, DM – CID Chief Nur N. Hussien -Chief , SGOD
Ronillo S. Yarag, Ed.D. – EPSpvr- LRMS Leo Martinno O. Alejo – PDO II, LRMS
7
English Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Completing An Analogy
This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed by
educators from public and private schools, colleges, and or/universities. We encourage teachers and other education stakeholders to email their feedback, comments, and recommendations to the Department of Education at
action@deped.gov.ph.
We value your feedback and recommendations.
Introductory Message
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both from
public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping the learners
meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social,
and economic constraints in schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent learning
activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire the
needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the
module:
As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also
need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their own
learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the
tasks included in the module.
The following are some reminders in using this module:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module.
Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises. 2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities included
in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task. 4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next. 6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to
consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it and have fun!
What I Need to Know
This module is designed to help you master the skills in analysing relationship of
words. By completing this module, you will develop the skills necessary to tackle each type
of analogy completion questions. You will also improve your vocabulary and your process of
elimination skills.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. define analogy;
2. analyze relationships presented in analogies; and
3. supply other word or expression that completes the analogy
Complete the Analogy
Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
Decide the relationship between the first two words in each analogy. Then complete the
analogy with one of the words in parentheses. Choose the letter of the best answer.
Example: wrong : right : : sky : _______________ (toy, fly, earth)
Answer: wrong : right : : sky : earth
1. begin : end : : open : ___________________
A. reach
B. unlock
C. close
D. near
2. angry : calm : : clean : ___________________
A. neat
B. lost
C. safe
D. dirty
3. pen : write : : knife : ___________________
A. sharpen
B. sip
C. compose
D. cut
1
What I Know
4. find : found : : mind : ____________________
A. minded
B. mind
C. mound
D. brain
5. nose : face : : elbow : ___________________
A. arm
B. wrist
C. knee
D. leg
Lesson
1
Word Analogy
Analogy plays a significant role in problem solving, as well as decision making,
argumentation, perception, generalization, memory, creativity, invention, prediction, emotion,
explanation, conceptualization and communication.
Analogies are such an important skill for students to master. Many standardized tests
use analogies to check for vocabulary mastery.
People often wonder about the effectiveness of analogies. What do they teach? How
do they work? Why are they so useful? What makes analogies so effective is their ability to
get students to think critically. In order to answer an analogy question correctly , the student
has to form a logical relationship, or "bridge" between two words. They must think about how
the words are related. Since words represent particulars (not universals), there is a nearly
infinite number of ways they might be related.
Analogies are useful in different subject areas to enhance learning of key concepts.
This makes them useful for assessment, but they can also be used as an effective learning
strategy as well. As students create incorrect analogies, analyse the relationships their
analogies are suggesting, and then correct them accordingly, students are grappling with
ideas, monitoring and revising their thinking, and otherwise actively consider the often
complex relationships between disparate things.
Here are some of the instructional benefits of this strategy:
develops understanding of the nature of various kinds of relationships;
helps students identify and analyze relationships; develops and refines students’ understanding of the specific vocabulary and
concepts that are used in analogies; develops critical thinking abilities in students.
2
Analogy Defined
Analogy basically means ‘‘resemblance of one object to another in certain aspects.’’
It is a way of stating a comparative relationship between two sets of terms.
An analogy is often represented as follows: A : B :: C : D.
A and B (of the first set) are related to each other in the same way that
C and D (of the second set) are related to each other.
In this lesson, an analogy question consists of words related to each other based on some
logic and it is required to find a word/pair of words analogous to those given in the question.
To solve these questions, following two simple steps are to be followed
Step I
Identify the relationship between the pair of numbers/letters/words given.
Step II
Find out the other pair such that the relationship between the third and the fourth
numbers/letters/words is similar to the relationship that exists between the first and second
numbers/letters/words.
Now, it is clear that analogy is established, when the two pairs on both the sides of the sign
(::) bear the same relationship.
For example: kitten : cat :: puppy : dog
The colons stand for words, so that when you read it aloud, the analogy says:
Kitten is to cat as puppy is to dog.
In this case, the relationship described is between the young and adult animals. The two
animals being compared are cats and dogs.
3
What’s In
What’s New
Take a look at the analogies below to see if you can figure out how the words are related to
each other. This will help you understand the comparison that is being made.
moon : night :: sun : day
feather : bird :: fur : dog
hot : oven :: cold : refrigerator
ski: snow :: raft : river
smile: frown :: pretty : ugly
cow : mammal :: snake : reptile
pencil : write :: scissors : cut
kitchen : cooking : bedroom : sleeping
apple : fruit :: carrot : vegetable
football : field :: tennis : court
near : far :: open : closed
umpire : baseball :: referee :
soccer
When completing word analogies, begin by determining the relationship between
the first word pair. Then look at the first word in the second word pair, and choose the word
that has the same relationship to it as the first two words have to each other. Some other
types of relationships include class to item (fish: trout) and part to whole (door: house).
Here are some relationships that form the basis of many analogies:
Analogy Types & Analogy Examples
Nature of Relationship Examples
1. Synonymous Relationship
This type of relationship is established between
the two words, when they convey the same
meaning.
Abandon : Leave
‘Abandon’ means almost the same as ‘Leave’.
Hence,
‘Abandon’ is a synonym of ‘Leave’.
Dwelling : Abode
Vacant : Empty
House : Home
2. Antonymous Relationship
This type of relationship is established between
the two words, when they are opposite in
meaning.
Kind : Cruel
‘Kind’ means the opposite of ‘Cruel’. Hence,
‘Kind’ and ‘Cruel’ have antonymous relationship.
Meet : Avoid
Never : Always
Chaos : Peace
3. Individual and Group Relationship
When one word of the pair is the collective group
of another word of the pair, then it is called
individual and group relationship.
Cattle : Herd
A group of ‘Cattle’ is called ‘Herd’.
Termites : Colony
Pupils : Class
Players : Team
Flowers : Bouquet
Musicians : Band
4
What is It
4. Worker and Product Relationship
When one word of the pair represents the
working professionals and the other word of the
pair represents their final product, then it is called
worker and product relationship.
Author : Book
An author writes a book. It means ‘Book’ is the
product of
‘Author’.
Poet : Poem
Producer : Film
Tailor : Clothes
Chef : Food
Carpenter : Furniture
5. Worker and Tool Relationship
When one word of the pair represents the
working professionals and the other word of the
pair is the tool used for their working, then it is
called worker and tool relationship.
Chef : Knife
‘Knife’ is a tool used by ‘Chef’.
Surgeon : Scalpel
Tailor : Needle
Labourer : Spade
Author : Pen
Soldier : Gun
Farmer : Plough
6. Product and Raw Material Relationship
When one word of the pair represents the raw
material used for the formation of the product
given in the other word of the pair, then it is called
product and raw material relationship.
Furniture : Wood
‘Furniture’ is made of ‘Wood’.
Book : Paper
Paper : Pulp
Road : Asphalt
Shoes : Leather
Cloth : Fibre
Furniture : Wood
7. Part and Whole Relationship
When one word of the pair represents a single
part of the whole object given in other word of the
pair, then it is called part and whole relationship.
Computer : Hard Disk
‘Hard Disk’ is a part of ‘Computer’.
Fan : Blade
Bicycle : Pedal
Cart : Wheel
Pen : Nib
Circle : Arc
Class : Student
House : Room
8. Worker and Working Place Relationship
When one word of the pair represents the
working professional and the other word of the
pair their working place, then it is called worker
and working place relationship.
Clerk : Office
A ‘Clerk’ works in an ‘Office’.
Warrior : Battle field
Teacher : School
Doctor : Hospital
Farmer : Field
5
9. Tool and Action Relationship
When one word of the pair represents the tool
and the other word of the pair gives its
function/action, then it is called tool and action
relationship.
Gun : Shoot
Spoon : Feed
Knife : Cut
A ‘Knife’ is used for ‘Cutting’.
Axe : Grind
Shovel : Scoop
Binocular : View
10. Pair Relationship
When the two words form a genuine pair, then it
is called a pair relationship.
Lock : Key
‘Lock’ and ‘Key’ make pair.
Question : Answer
Pencil : Eraser
Shoes : Socks
11. Study and Topic Relationship
When one word of the pair gives the branch of
study and the other word gives the topic of study
of that branch, then it is called study and topic
relationship.
Pathology : Diseases
‘Pathology’ is the study of ‘Diseases’.
Botany : Plants
Astrology : Planets
Cardiology : Heart
Physiology : Body
12. Animal and Movement Relationship
When one word of the pair gives the animal name
and other word of the pair represents its
movement, then it is called animal and movement
relationship.
Donkey : Trot
‘Trot’ is the name given to the movement of the
‘Donkey’.
Rabbit : Leap
Mouse : Scamper
Horse : Gallop
Lion : Prowl
13. Animal/Thing and Sound Relationship
When one word of the pair represents the sound
produced by the animal/thing given in the other
word of the pair, then it is called animal/thing and
sound relationship.
Elephant : Trumpet
Trumpet’ is the sound produced by ‘elephant’.
Lion : Roar
Donkey : Bray
Rain : Patter
14. Individual and Dwelling Place Relationship
When one word of the pair represents the
dwelling place of the individuals given in the other
word of the pair, then it is called individual and
dwelling place relationship.
Mouse : Hole
A ‘Mouse’ lives in a ‘Hole’.
Nun : Convent
Peasant : Cottage
Soldier : Barracks
15. Games and Playing Place Relationship
When one word of the pair represents the place
for playing the game given in the other word of
the pair, then it is called games and playing place
relationship.
Cricket : Pitch
‘Cricket’ is played on the ‘Pitch’.
Skating : Rink
Boxing : Ring
Badminton : Court
6
16. Male and Female Relationship
When two words of the pair represents male and
female gender of each other, then it is called
male and female relationship.
Man : Woman
‘Man’ is the male while ‘Woman’ is the female.
Horse : Mare
Bull : Cow
Bullock : Heifer
Cock : Hen
17. Animal and Young One Relationship
When one word of the pair represents the name
given to the young ones of the animals given in
other word of the pair, then it is called animal and
young one relationship.
Frog : Tadpole
‘Tadpole’ is the young one of ‘Frog’.
Cat : Kitten
Dog : Puppy
Deer : Fawn
Duck : Duckling
Verbal Reasoning: Analogy. Retrieved from:
https://www.123test.com/verbal -reasoning-test-analogies/
Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
Activity 1.1 Choose the best word that will complete the analogy.
1. good : bad :: black : __________ A. color B. white C. evil D. sad
2. dwelling : abode : : endless : _________ A. eternal B. measurable C. final D. beginning
3. warrior : sword : : tailor : _________ A. chisel B. paint C. needle D. stethoscope 4. soldier : barracks : : teacher : _________
A. bank B. school C. hospital D. gym 5. cock : hen : : lion : _________
A. mare B. cub C. lioness D. chicken
Activity 1.2 Identify the nature of relationship/ analogies present in the pairs of word.
7
What’s More
A B
1. left is to right as horizontal is to vertical A. Worker and Tool Relationship
2. poet is to poem as chef is to food B. Antonymous Relationship
3. butcher is to knife as hairdresser is to scissors C. Part and Whole Relationship
4. nun is to convent as teacher is to school D. Worker and Working Place
Relationship
5. class is to student as house is to room E. Synonymous Relationship
F. Worker and Product Relationship
1. A word analogy draws a relationship between two words by comparing them to two other
words. 2. Analogies are such an important skill for students to master. Many standardized tests use
analogies to check for vocabulary mastery.
3. When you write, it is important to understand how words are related. A word analogy shows how word pairs are related. Once you determine how the two words are related, you
find the same relationship among the pairs in the answer choices. 4. There are different types of analogies.
5. To answer an analogy question you must:
recognize the relationship between the words in the given word pair; select the answer containing words related to one another in most nearly the same way;
recognize when two word pairs display equal relationships.
6. Approaches that may be helpful in answering analogy questions: try to determine the precise relationship between the words in the given pair;
form a sentence that captures the relationship between the two words; then look for the answer choice containing the word pair whose relationship is closest
to that of the given pair and can be expressed in a similar fashion.
Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper. Complete the table below. Provide an analogy for each nature of relationship.
Nature of Relationship Examples
1. Synonymous Relationship
2. Antonymous Relationship
3. Individual and Group Relationship
4. Worker and Product Relationship
5. Worker and Tool Relationship
6. Product and Raw Material Relationship
7. Part and Whole Relationship
8. Worker and Working Place Relationship
9. Tool and Action Relationship
10. Pair Relationship
11. Study and Topic Relationship
12.Animal and Movement Relationship
8
What I Have Learned
What I Can Do
13. Animal/Thing and Sound Relationship
14. Individual and Dwelling Place Relationship
15. Games and Playing Place Relationship
16. Male and Female Relationship
17. Animal and Young One Relationship
Assessment
Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper. Identify the relationship between the first pair of words given below. From the four choices,
choose the pair of words that has the same relationship as the original pair of words.
1. chef : knife : : ____ : ____
A. computer : hard disk B. famous : renowned
C. sink : drown D. warrior : sword
2. Botany : plants : : ____ : ____
A. horse : grass B. Zoology : animals
C. Cardiology : Physiology D. rabbit : leap
3. scientist : laboratory : : ____ : ____
A. beautician : parlor
B. court : lawyer C. theater : artist
D. factory : worker 4. question : answer : : ____ : ____
A. pen : write
B. shoes : socks C. binocular : view
D. table : sit
5. king : palace : : ____ : ____
A. eskimo : igloo B. barracks : soldier
C. cock : hen D. nephew : niece
6. abduct : kidnap : : ____ : ____
A. meet : avoid B. always : never
C. affirm : deny D. endless : eternal
7. create : destroy : : ____ : ____
A. never : always B. assign : a lot
C. house : home D. enormous : huge
8. class : student : : ____ : ____
A. dramatist : play
B. book : chapter C. producer : film
D. tailor : clothes 9. gun : shoot : : ____ : ____
A. pencil : eraser
B. cut : knife C. pen : write
D. sew : needle
10. skating : rink : : ____ : ____
A. boxing : ring B. arena : wrestling
C. court : tennis D. boxing : gloves
9
Additional Activities
Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
Choose the pair of words that best express a relationship similar to that of the original pair. Then write the bridge sentence.
Bridge Sentence: Someone who is a liar lacks honesty. Someone who is a _____ lacks _____.
Bridge Sentence:
A downpour is a heavy rain. A _____ is a heavy _____.
Bridge Sentence: A democracy is a type of government.
A _____ is a type of _____.
Bridge Sentence:
Cowardly is the opposite of brave. _____ is the opposite of _____.
Bridge Sentence: A conclusion is part of an essay.
A _____ is part of a _____.
10
1. LIAR : HONEST
A. lawyer : mercy B. mother : children
C. fool : wisdom D. soldier : power
2. DOWNPOUR : RAIN
A. wave : water B. tornado : clouds
C. blizzard : snow D. desert : heat
3. DEMOCRACY : GOVERNMENT
A. master : slave
B. storm : blizzard C. sonnet : poem
D. tribe : family
4. COWARDLY : BRAVE
A. numerous : many B. foolish : wise
C. awful : dreadful D. anxious : nervous
5. CONCLUSION : ESSAY
A. theme : song B. meal : dessert
C. parade : party D. scene : play
Answer Key
References
Verbal Reasoning: Analogy. Retrieved from: https://www.123test.com/verbal-reasoning-test-analogies/
https://elearning.shisu.edu.cn/pluginfile.php/36509/mod_resource/content/1/ANALOGIES.pdf
https://www.mansfieldschool.com/cms/lib07/NJ01000046/Centricity/Domain/20/analogies%2
03-11.pdf
http://www.panpipes.net/languagearts/worksheets/writing/analogies.pdf http://www.eduplace.com/rdg/hme/vocab/7/unit14.pdf
https://www.images-na.ssl-
image/amazon.com/images/G/31/img15/books/tiles/9351765105_Reasoning_Verbal.p
JPEG image (.jpg). Retrieved from:
http://www.clipartpanda.com/clipart_images/analogies-70937007
JPEG image (.jpg). Retrieved from: https://clipartlook.com/img-20053.html
11
What I Know
1.C
2.D
3.D
4.A
5.A
What’s More
Activity 1.1
1.B
2.A
3.C
4.B
5.C
Activity 1.2
1.B
2.F
3.A
4.D
5.C
What I Can Do
(Answers vary)
Assessment
1.D
2.B
3.A
4.B
5.A
6.D
7.A
8.B
9.C
10.A
Additional
Activities
1.C
2.C
3.C
4.B
5.D
top related