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Proyecto Mejillones – Cardones 500 kV HVAC Ventajas y Desafíos
GDF SUEZ
Energy International
Santiago
29 de Mayo de 2013
Demián TALAVERA – Karim KAROUI
-
50
100
150
200
250
300
Ene Feb Mar Abr May Jun Jul Ago Sep Oct
USD/MWh
Quillota C. Navia A. JahuelCharrua Cardones D. Almagro
SIC y SING: dos realidades distintas para una demanda creciente
SIC
Región
Metropolitana
SING
Cuello de
botella
Cuello de
botella
Actualmente, mercado adaptado (Costo Marginal bajo 100US$/MWh), sin
problemas de capacidad.
Mercado industrial y eminentemente termoeléctrico: grandes proyectos mineros
permiten construcción de nuevas unidades eficientes.
Exceso de capacidad en GNL y Diesel/Fuel Oil aseguran suministro ante aumento
de demanda.
Mercado mayormente regulado, con fuerte componente hidro.
Judicialización de proyectos y dificultades en desarrollo conllevan carencia de
nuevas unidades grandes eficientes.
Mientras tanto, la demanda sigue creciendo, requiriendo despacho de unidades
ineficientes y a diesel.
Además, debilidades del sistema de transmisión generan precios locales, sobre
todo en Norte del SIC.
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50
100
150
200
250
300
Ene Feb Mar Abr May Jun Jul Ago Sep Oct
USD/MWh
Quillota C. Navia A. JahuelCharrua Cardones D. Almagro-
50
100
150
200
250
300
Ene Feb Mar Abr May Jun Jul Ago Sep Oct
USD/MWh
Quillota C. Navia A. JahuelCharrua Cardones D. Almagro-
50
100
150
200
250
300
Ene Feb Mar Abr May Jun Jul Ago Sep Oct
USD/MWh
Quillota C. Navia A. JahuelCharrua Cardones D. Almagro
2
Evolución Costos
Marginales SIC 2012
86.50 US$/MWh
196.50 US$/MWh
188.40 US$/MWh
176.80 US$/MWh
Precio marginal
promedio 2012
Situación Actual 2013 Situación Proyectada 2019
Puerto Montt
Charrúa
Alto Jahuel/Polpaico
Tal Tal
Mejillones
Puerto Montt
Charrúa
Alto Jahuel/Polpaico
Tal Tal
Mejillones
Línea 220 kV
Línea 500 kV
3
Evolución del Sistema troncal La Interconexión SIC-SING, pieza cable de “vertebrización”
CHOOSE EXPERTS, FIND
PARTNERS
The Mejillones – Cardones HVAC 500 kV Project Advantages & Challenges Presentation to CIGRE Chileno D. Talavera & K. Karoui - Santiago, May 29th 2013
CONTENTS
• Project description
• Operating conditions
• Reactive compensation
• Small signal stability (modal analysis)
• Transient stability
• Generation contingencies & SING voltage stability
• Conclusions
May 29th 2013 5 The Mejillones -Cardones HVAC 500 kV Project
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
• Technical reference: Chilean grid code
- Maximum clearing time: 120 ms with 2-ph fault to ground
- Damping minimum requirement: 10%
• Initial studies for 1000 MW have shown that
- One intermediate substation and ‘50%’ series compensation required to achieve satisfactory transient stability and damping results
- Adequate voltage profile is achieved with approx. 1000 Mvar shunt compensation (4x155 Mvar + 4x100 Mvar)
May 29th 2013 6 The Mejillones -Cardones HVAC 500 kV Project
SING
SIC
IEM
Elevadora
Compensadora
Reductora
IEM = GDF Suez group power plants located in Mejillones or other near located units (eg Angamos or others)
Close to Mejillones 220 kV
Cardones 500 kV
55%/2
45%
55%/2
CONSIDERED OPERATING CONDITIONS
May 29th 2013 7 The Mejillones -Cardones HVAC 500 kV Project
Intermediate substation and series capacitors not shown
SING
SIC
IEM
1000 MW
500 MW
500 MW SING
SIC
IEM
1000 MW
0 MW
Case 2 Case 3
SING
SIC
IEM
1500 MW
1000 MW
500 MW
Case 4
TIME
REACTIVE COMPENSATION
May 29th 2013 8 The Mejillones -Cardones HVAC 500 kV Project
Power transfer 1000 MW 1500 MW
Line Shunt reactors 500 kV
Mejillones - Compensadora 4x155 Mvar 4x145 Mvar
Compensadora - Cardones
4x100 Mvar 4x90 Mvar
Substation shunt reactors 500 kV
Mejillones & Cardones (for energization & low loading)
2x110 Mvar 2x110 Mvar
Series capacitors (% of circuit reactance)
Mejillones – Compensadora 2x55%/2 2x65%/2
Compensadora - Cardones 45% 55%
Voltage profile versus distance in N-1 conditions for
different scenarios of split of series compensation
Elevadora
Compensadora
Reductora
65/2%
65/2%
55%
Elevadora
Compensadora
Reductora
65%
55%
Elevadora
Compensadora
Reductora
65%
55%
Elevadora
Compensadora
Reductora
65/2%
65/2%
55/2%
55/2%
470
480
490
500
510
520
530
540
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
0 MW
-250 MW
-500 MW
-750 MW
-1000 MW
-1250 MW
-1500 MW
250 MW
500 MW
750 MW
470
480
490
500
510
520
530
540
550
560
570
580
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
0 MW
-250 MW
-500 MW
-750 MW
-1000 MW
-1250 MW
-1500 MW
250 MW
500 MW
750 MW470
480
490
500
510
520
530
540
550
560
570
580
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
0 MW
-250 MW
-500 MW
-750 MW
-1000 MW
-1250 MW
-1500 MW
250 MW
500 MW
750 MW 470
480
490
500
510
520
530
540
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
0 MW
-250 MW
-500 MW
-750 MW
-1000 MW
-1250 MW
-1500 MW
250 MW
500 MW
750 MW
Acceptable
Overvoltages Overvoltages Not justified to split the
compensation of Comp-Card
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
-300 -250 -200 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100
Am
plit
ude
Phase
Frequency: 0.547 HzDamping: 23 %
SIC SING IEM
Case 2
Case 3
Case 4 (50%)
MODAL ANALYSIS
• Background
- System non linear DAE equations Linearization
- Calculation of eigenvalues Oscillation modes: frequency and damping
- Calculation of eigenvectors Mode shapes, participation factors
- Performed in N and N-1 configurations
• Adopted criteria in line with the Chilean grid
code damping formula
- Allows to look each mode separately
- Requirement: damping > 15% (10% + 5% margin)
• Mode of interest:
- interarea mode [0.1 Hz ; 0.8 Hz] ~0.5 Hz with Damping > 15%
- other pre-existing modes will remain and are expected to be unaffected
May 29th 2013 9 The Mejillones -Cardones HVAC 500 kV Project
MODAL ANALYSIS
• Verification by time-domain simulation
Good match with linearized model results
• Influence of topology
- In all N-1 cases, damping remain acceptable
• Influence of load model on SING imports Case
- More stable with impedance load
- Low damping with constant power load
May 29th 2013 10 The Mejillones -Cardones HVAC 500 kV Project
200 202 204 206 208 210 212 214 216
49.99
50.00
50.01
50.02
s
Hz
[2200] MACHINE : 121931 SPEED Unit : Hz
[2200] MACHINE : 12391 SPEED Unit : Hz
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
Dam
pin
g (%
)
Load Exponent
Damping curve
Theoretical Damping Case 3 Damping
15161718192021222324252627
1 2 3 4 5 6
Dam
pin
g
Scenario #
Damping sensitivity
Case 2
Case 3
Case 4
0.5 Hz oscillation
Constant power load Impedance load
IEM machine Bocamina 2
MODAL ANALYSIS - SYNTHESIS
• Existing inter-area modes: A priori small impact of the new
interconnection
• New identified SING-SIC interarea mode at ~0.5 Hz with acceptable
damping (>15%)
• Interarea mode damping is function of the load dependency to voltage
• Recommendation to address potential changes in damping performance
1. Software: Activation of POD on SVC’s (require sufficient controllability and feasibility of observability)
2. Hardware: Proportion of Fixed Series Compensation designed to be upgraded to TCSC
May 29th 2013 11 The Mejillones -Cardones HVAC 500 kV Project
TRANSIENT STABILITY
• The Chilean grid code
- Fault clearing time (FCT): up to 120 ms (6 cycles)
- FCT state-of-the-art rather 3-4 than 6 cycles in the 400 - 500 kV voltage range
• Conservative design criteria adopted
- Critical clearing time (CCT) > 120 ms for 3-ph faults without auto-reclose
• 40 ms margin with respect to 80ms usual clearing
base time
• 120 ms is as severe as the Chilean grid code max clearing time
• 3-ph fault leads to 100 % voltage dip
May 29th 2013 12 The Mejillones -Cardones HVAC 500 kV Project
• Assumptions
- No fast valving on IEM units
- IEM units operate close to unity PF
- Series capacitors includes MOV behavior during fault (triggered if current > 2 times the nominal)
• Impact of load model
- Simulations carried with both impedance and constant power models
TRANSIENT STABILITY
13 The Mejillones -Cardones HVAC 500 kV Project
Mejillones 220 kV
Mejillones 500 kV
Compensadora 500 kV
Cardones 500 kV
Maitencillo 500 kV
Pan de Azucar 500 kV
May 29th 2013
• Stability criterion
- Rotor angle stability & oscillations damped
- No loss of synchronism between various parts of the system
- No voltage collapse
CCT below 120 ms
CCT below 150 ms
CCT higher 150 ms
Constant power load model
Impedance load model
SC1 220 197
SC2 296 271
SC3 487 399
SC4 515 432
SC5 533 381
SC6 530 395
SC7 391 271
SC1 432 55
SC2 762 60
SC3 >1000 98
SC4 >1000 125
SC5 667 128
SC6 662 141
SC7 495 136
SC1 133 114
SC2 185 146
SC3 271 136
SC4 307 222
SC5 398 177
SC6 427 312
SC7 365 284
Case 2
Case 3
Case 4
Locations CCT (ms)CCT (ms)
TRANSIENT STABILITY SYNTHESIS
• 1000 MW North South
- Satisfactory in terms of CCT’s with FSC=50%
- Most severe faults locations: close to IEM units in 220 kV
• 1000 MW South North (with all Mejillones units disconnected)
- CCT and angular stability adequate
- Large SING import means that a number of SING units will be stopped voltage instability observed with severe load model
- If realistic scenario Operational planning of CDEC – SING will need to define voltage support requirement
(must run, shunt compensation, SVC, etc.) versus level of import
• 1500 MW North South
- If 1500 MVA = design value, recommended to increase FSC level to 60% (65%/55%) to reach CCT>120 ms
May 29th 2013 14 The Mejillones -Cardones HVAC 500 kV Project
May 29th 2013 15 The Mejillones -Cardones HVAC 500 kV Project
GENERATION CONTINGENCIES IN SING & SIC
• Loss of Bocamina (358MW) in SIC & Loss of
Tocopilla U16 (360MW) in SING simulated
• SING large import
- Tocopilla trip with Z load (red curve)
- Tocopilla trip with S load (blue curve)
- Bocamina trip with S load (green curve)
Stable except for large unit trip in SING under
massive SING import and constant power load model
(voltage instability)
N-1 simulations
Impedant load model Case2 Case3 Case4 Case4a
Loss of Bocamina (SIC) STABLE STABLE STABLE STABLE
Loss of Tocopilla (SING) STABLE STABLE STABLE STABLE
Constant load model Case21 Case31 Case41 Case4a1
Loss of Bocamina (SIC) STABLE STABLE STABLE STABLE
Loss of Tocopilla (SING) STABLE STABLE STABLE STABLE
100 105 110 115 120
50.0
50.5
s
Hz
[N-1SING3] NODE FREQUENCY 4605S/E Unit : Hz
[N-1SING3] NODE FREQUENCY 4605S/E Unit : Hz
[N-1SIC3] NODE FREQUENCY 4605S/E Unit : Hz
100 105 110 115 120
300
400
s
kV
[N-1SING3] VOLTAGE AT NODE : 4605S/E Unit : kV
[N-1SING3] VOLTAGE AT NODE : 4605S/E Unit : kV
[N-1SIC3] VOLTAGE AT NODE : 4605S/E Unit : kV
100 105 110 115 120
-600
-400
-200
-0
s
MW
[N-1SING3] ACTIVE POWER : LINE 12206TER-12204TER-1 Unit : MW
[N-1SING3] ACTIVE POWER : LINE 12206TER-12204TER-1 Unit : MW
[N-1SIC3] ACTIVE POWER : LINE 12206TER-12204TER-1 Unit : MW
Voltage Mejillones 500 kV
Active power 1 circuit 500 kV SING SIC
Frequency Mejillones 500 kV
May 29th 2013 16 The Mejillones -Cardones HVAC 500 kV Project
VOLTAGE STABILITY OF SING WITH LARGE HVDC IMPORT
• SING imports 1000 MW from SIC with an HVDC scheme injecting at Mejil. 220 kV
• Contingency: 120 ms 3-ph fault close to the inverter
- CSC technology commutation failure, blocking and restart of the converter under COL and CONTROL
- VSC technology converter blocking and restart when voltage
above a given threshold (e.g. 0.6 p.u.)
• Results depends on the load behaviour (i.e. the load dependency to voltage)
Similarly to HVAC interconnection, SING subject to voltage
instability with constant power load model and large HVDC import
9.5 10.0 10.5 11.0 11.5 12.0 12.5 13.0 13.5 14.0
-1000
-0
s
MW
[VSC11] MACHINE : VSC1 ACTIVE POWER Unit : MW
[VSC1] MACHINE : VSC1 ACTIVE POWER Unit : MW
9.5 10.0 10.5 11.0 11.5 12.0 12.5 13.0 13.5 14.0
-10
-0
s
Mvar
[VSC11] MACHINE : VSC1 REACTIVE POWER Unit : Mvar
[VSC1] MACHINE : VSC1 REACTIVE POWER Unit : Mvar
9.5 10.0 10.5 11.0 11.5 12.0 12.5 13.0 13.5 14.0
-0
200
400
s
kV
[VSC11] VOLTAGE AT NODE : 4605S/E Unit : kV
[VSC1] VOLTAGE AT NODE : 4605S/E Unit : kV
9.5 10.0 10.5 11.0 11.5 12.0 12.5 13.0 13.5 14.0
50
55
s
Hz
[VSC11] MACHINE : 210391 SPEED Unit : Hz
[VSC1] MACHINE : 210391 SPEED Unit : Hz
9.5 10.0 10.5 11.0 11.5 12.0 12.5 13.0 13.5 14.0
-1000
-0
s
MW
[VSC11] MACHINE : VSC1 ACTIVE POWER Unit : MW
[VSC1] MACHINE : VSC1 ACTIVE POWER Unit : MW
9.5 10.0 10.5 11.0 11.5 12.0 12.5 13.0 13.5 14.0
-10
-0
s
Mvar
[VSC11] MACHINE : VSC1 REACTIVE POWER Unit : Mvar
[VSC1] MACHINE : VSC1 REACTIVE POWER Unit : Mvar
9.5 10.0 10.5 11.0 11.5 12.0 12.5 13.0 13.5 14.0
-0
200
400
s
kV
[VSC11] VOLTAGE AT NODE : 4605S/E Unit : kV
[VSC1] VOLTAGE AT NODE : 4605S/E Unit : kV
9.5 10.0 10.5 11.0 11.5 12.0 12.5 13.0 13.5 14.0
50
55
s
Hz
[VSC11] MACHINE : 210391 SPEED Unit : Hz
[VSC1] MACHINE : 210391 SPEED Unit : Hz
10 11 12 13 14 15
50
55
s
Hz
[CSC11] MACHINE : 210391 SPEED Unit : Hz
[CSC1] MACHINE : 210391 SPEED Unit : Hz
10 11 12 13 14 15
-1000
-500
-0
s
MW
[CSC11] MACHINE : CSC1 ACTIVE POWER Unit : MW
[CSC1] MACHINE : CSC1 ACTIVE POWER Unit : MW
10 11 12 13 14 15
-0
200
400
s
kV
[CSC11] VOLTAGE AT NODE : 4605S/E Unit : kV
[CSC1] VOLTAGE AT NODE : 4605S/E Unit : kV
10 11 12 13 14 15
-10
-5
-0
s
Mvar
[CSC11] MACHINE : CSC1 REACTIVE POWER Unit : Mvar
[CSC1] MACHINE : CSC1 REACTIVE POWER Unit : Mvar
10 11 12 13 14 15
50
55
s
Hz
[CSC11] MACHINE : 210391 SPEED Unit : Hz
[CSC1] MACHINE : 210391 SPEED Unit : Hz
10 11 12 13 14 15
-1000
-500
-0
s
MW
[CSC11] MACHINE : CSC1 ACTIVE POWER Unit : MW
[CSC1] MACHINE : CSC1 ACTIVE POWER Unit : MW
10 11 12 13 14 15
-0
200
400
s
kV
[CSC11] VOLTAGE AT NODE : 4605S/E Unit : kV
[CSC1] VOLTAGE AT NODE : 4605S/E Unit : kV
10 11 12 13 14 15
-10
-5
-0
s
Mvar
[CSC11] MACHINE : CSC1 REACTIVE POWER Unit : Mvar
[CSC1] MACHINE : CSC1 REACTIVE POWER Unit : Mvar
HVDC-CSC
HVDC-VSC
No advantage of HVDC technology under large SING import in that respect
- Although insufficient, VSC could support the voltage in a similar way as synchronous machine units in Mejillones but needs to be functionally designed as a STATCOM
- Localized injection
Constant power Impedance load
Constant power Impedance load
CONCLUSIONS
• SIC-SING AC interconnection feasible with significant bulk power transfer between Mejillones and Cardones to support load growth
- Usual FSC levels to reach transient stability with adequate margin
- Usual benefits of interconnection expected
• To keep in mind
- Operational planning processes should be adapted to the new system structure
- Load behaviour potential influence on interarea mode damping
- Potential lack of voltage stability margin following contingencies in SING under massive import, irrespective of interconnection technology, needs to be addressed
May 29th 2013 17 The Mejillones -Cardones HVAC 500 kV Project
-Check PSS tuning, activate POD on Pan Azucar SVC - Design FSC to allow easy future upgrade to TCSC
Extension of the FSC compensated 500 kV trunk corridor from Polpaico to Cardones will reduce the electrical distances
Mitigation measures
-Operational planning: Level of import of SING (AC or DC) should be compatible with voltage support capability - Voltage stability margin potentially to be improved
Main enabler
Alternativas para la interconexión SIC-SING
La interconexión SIC-SING propuesta por GDF Suez resulta
más beneficiosa en todos los ámbitos, incluso en aspectos
técnicos y económicos.
ÍTEM Alternativa
HVDC
Alternativa
HVAC
Tecnología ±500 kV(DC) - bipolar con
retorno metálico
500 kV (AC) – doble circuito, con
S/E intermedia y FACTS
Capacidad 1500 MW 1500 MVA
Longitud 610 km 576 km
Calificación
Ambiental No Desde Junio de 2012
Inversión 850 millones US$ 600 millones US$
COMA* 12,5 millones US$ 9,0 millones US$
Plazo desde la
adjudicación 54 meses 30 meses
S/E en el SING Nueva Encuentro Nueva Mejillones
Criterio N-1
(redundancia) ¿? Cumple
También requiere refuerzo en alterna de
tramo Encuentro-Mejillones.
*Costo Operación Mantenimiento y Administración
18
Los beneficios de un suministro desde el SING al SIC
SIC
SING
Cuello de
botella
Cuello de
botella
GNL Quintero
GNL Mejillones
Polo termoeléctrico
Zona con fuerte
desarrollo
Desarrollos hidro
pequeños y medianos
Aprovechar recursos y capacidades existentes
19
Optimización del exceso de capacidad en el SING como
solución ante falta de oferta eficiente en Norte del SIC.
Mayor uso de Gas Natural.
A largo plazo, optimización de operación de sistema único
SIC/SING.
Gracias por su atención
20
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