classifying living things. classifying – grouping things according to similarities taxonomy –...
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Classifying Living Things
Classifying – grouping things according to similarities
Taxonomy – science of classifying and naming organisms
- The term is derived from the Greek taxis (“arrangement”) and nomos (“law”).
Aristotle
Greek philosopher
Classified organisms into two kingdoms. Plant Animal
Animal Kingdom – divided into 3 groups
Air Land Water
Problem with Aristotle’s system
Frogs
part of life in water
Part of life on land
Needed more logical and finer tuned classification system
Carolus LinnaeusSwedish physician and naturalistCreated system to classify organisms based on similarities in body structures and systemsAlso; size, color, shape and methods of obtaining food
6 Kingdoms of classification of organisms
Kingdom Monera – has been divided into;
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria
Organisms are placed in each kingdom based on characteristics
Presence of nucleus
Single-celled
Many-celled
Ability to make food
Ability to move
Finer classification
King
Phillip
Came
Over
For
Good
Spaghetti
species
Smallest category of classification
Organisms within a species can reproduce and produce fertile offspring
Naming of organisms
All organisms need an exact name
Binomial Nomenclature-2 names
Binomial nomenclature
Organism’s scientific name
Latin nameGenus name: group of different organism that have similar characteristics
always capitalized
Species name: more precise classification organisms belonging to
same species can mate
always lower case
No two organisms have the same name
Canis familiaris
Domesticated dog
Canis lupus
Grey wolf
Canis latrans
Coyote
Latrans – barking dog
Dichotomous key – tool used to identify organisms
Dichotomous means "divided in two parts".
At each step of the process of using the key, the user is given two choices;
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